Articulation Of Sounds Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE CORRECT PRONUNCIATION OF PHONETIC SYMBOLS IN ENGLISH

This research aims to analyze the correct pronunciation of phonetic symbols in English by describing the Influence of Sociolinguistic and Cultural Aspects on Pronunciation, Phonetic Symbol Pronunciation, and Analysis of Proper English Phonetic Symbol Pronunciation Based on Types. The study adopts a literature review approach. Data collection involves gathering information from existing sources such as literature, journals, articles, and other relevant academic works related to the research topic. This method is employed to investigate, analyze, and synthesize previously published information on the researched subject. The research findings indicate that the first section highlights the significant impact of sociolinguistic and cultural factors on language pronunciation. It emphasizes how an individual's accent or dialect, stemming from their geographical origin, influences sound articulation. These variations occur not only between American and British English but also among non-native speakers. Their influence extends to communication practices, formal and informal settings, displaying diverse pronunciation patterns shaped by individual backgrounds and contextual influences. The second part encompasses various aspects of sound articulation, such as word stress, rhythm, intonation, and phonetic symbols. It underscores their role in altering word meanings, poetry meter, speech patterns, and emotional expression, thereby shaping communication and message delivery. Finally, English phonetic symbols are categorized and exemplified, showcasing short vowels, long vowels, diphthongs, fricative, explosive, affricate consonants, and nasals. Each category features symbols and examples illustrating the diverse phonetic sounds in English.

The Kazakh Language Requires Reform of its Writing

The article provides information about modern problems of writing the Kazakh language, the importance of its role and development in the context of mass digitization using artificial intelligence technologies and computational linguistics methods. The incorrectness of the current alphabet of the Kazakh language based on the Cyrillic alphabet is proved in connection with the inclusion of Cyrillic letters in it, denoting phonemes that are not included in its sound structure. The necessity of reforming the Kazakh writing by replacing the incorrect alphabet is substantiated. Errors and contradictions are shown in the approved version of the Kazakh alphabet based on the Latin alphabet, as well as the alphabet proposed as a replacement for the approved one, in which some previous errors are repeated. In both cases, no analysis and clarification of the sound system of the Kazakh language, which is the basis of any alphabet, is carried out. In this study, to clarify the sound system of the Kazakh language, experiments were carried out to determine the articulation and acoustic features of Kazakh sounds with the help the computer programs used for many natural languages. In the articulation analysis, special attention was paid to vowels, which give rise to various contradictions in the Kazakh letter. It is proposed to use a new classification of vowels according to four binary features, rather than the traditional classification according to three binary features. Acoustic analysis uses the method of formant analysis, which is aimed at identifying certain formants in the spectrogram. The formant is obtained using a spectrograph. Quantitatively, the formants correspond to the maxima in the speech spectrum and usually appear on spectrograms as horizontal bands. After determining the composition and classification of the sound system of the Kazakh language, two variants of the alphabet based on the Latin alphabet are proposed: the first one is based on the Turkish alphabet using diacritical marks; the second is based on the English alphabet using digraphs. The second option offers ways to solve problems that arise when using digraphs. In conclusion, information is provided on the ongoing and ongoing work in Kazakhstan related to the creation of smart systems in the Kazakh language based on the methods and technologies of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics, the results of which are reflected in the list of sources.

Changes in the sound articulation of Bulgarian speech following non-removable prosthetic restoration of frontal maxillary defects

Changes in the sound articulation of Bulgarian speech following non-removable prosthetic restoration of frontal maxillary defects

Differences in velopharyngeal pressures during speech sound production in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and healthy individuals.

During articulation the velopharynx needs to be opened and closed rapidly and a tight closure is needed. Based on the hypothesis that patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) produce lower pressures in the velopharynx than healthy individuals, this study compared pressure profiles of the velopharyngeal closure during articulation of different sounds between healthy participants and patients with surgically closed unilateral CLP (UCLP) using high resolution manometry (HRM). Ten healthy adult volunteers (group 1: 20-25.5 years) and ten patients with a non-syndromic surgically reconstructed UCLP (group 2: 19.1-26.9 years) were included in this study. Pressure profiles during the articulation of four sounds (/i:/, /s/, /ʃ/ and /n/) were measured by HRM. Maximum, minimum and average pressures, time intervals as well as detection of a previously described 3-phase-model were compared. Both groups presented with similar pressure curves for each phoneme with regards to the phases described and pressure peaks, but differed in total pressures. An exception was noted for the sound /i:/, where a 3-phase-model could not be seen for most patients with UCLP. Differences in velopharynx pressures of 50% and more were found between the two groups. Maximum and average pressures in the production of the alveolar fricative reached statistical significance. It can be concluded that velopharyngeal pressures of patients with UCLP are not sufficient to eliminate nasal resonance or turbulence during articulation, especially for more complex sounds. These results support a general understanding of hypernasality during speech implying a (relative) velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Le voyage d’Alice: A standardized reading passage for speech and voice assessment in French.

Background: Reading passages allow the observation of target stimuli in a controlled manner while maximizing the ecological aspects of a speech and voice assessment. Objective: This article presents a new standardized reading passage titled “Le voyage d’Alice” (“Alice's Journey”) and an automated protocol for the extraction of acoustic measures. Methods: The passage was constructed using a comprehensive set of criteria, taking into account data from the literature, specific needs identified in scientific research and in French-speaking clinical practice, and data from an international consensus study. Results: This passage was found to be easy to read and usable for the assessment of articulation of speech sounds, prosodic variations and phonatory behavior, as well as fluency, in Belgium, France, and Canada. The automated acoustic feature extraction protocol allows for a quick and simple analysis of reproducible data. It is a tool adapted for both scientific research and daily clinical practice. Acoustic measures were extracted from the passage in healthy participants in France and are used as reference values.

Reverberation Time Improvement in the Worship Room of Palihan Javanese Christian Church

Acoustic comfort is one of four types of comforts in a room. Acoustic comfort allows users of worship spaces to be more focused and solemn in worshipping. One indicator that indicates the optimality of acoustic comfort is the level of clarity of sound articulation. The level of sound articulation in the worship space of the Palihan Javanese Christian Church is considered unclear, so it can be concluded if there is excessive reverberation time in the worship room. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the ideal reverberation time in the worship room of the Palihan Javanese Christian Church. The research was conducted using quantitative research methods. The improvement of reverberation time in this research is done by identifying the materials that are used in the worship room of the Palihan Javanese Christian Church at a frequency of 500Hz and 1000Hz using Sabine's reverberation time theory. From this research, it can be concluded that the replacement of some reflector materials with diffuser and absorber materials can reduce the excess reverberation time in the worship room of the Palihan Javanese Christian Church.

A Contrarian Muʿtazilite Theologian/Poet’s Guide to Fine Poetry: Al-Nāshiʾ al-Akbar (d. 293/906) and How to Write Inimitable Poems

Abstract Boasting of one’s poetic talents was hardly an uncommon feature in Arabic poetry. Poets sang praises for their craft and exalted themselves over their rivals. They sometimes moved beyond braggadocio, however, explaining the particular attributes that made their poetry of unmatched quality. Al-Nāshiʾ al-Akbar (d. 293/906) was one such poet who declared his poetry to be an inimitable product defined by standards that he outlined in his didactic poems. He also penned at least one book on the criticism of poetry which only survives now as excerpts in a number of fourth/eleventh century works of adab. Fine poetry, according to al-Nāshiʾ, is the harmonious articulation of sounds and meanings presented in an accessible way to its audience but is impossible to reproduce. In this respect, I propose that, in expounding the standards of excellent poetry, al-Nāshiʾ alluded to theories of inimitability (iʿjāz) based on composition (naẓm) and divine prevention (ṣarfah). He was a Muʿtazilite theologian who was both celebrated and vilified by his contemporaries, and later scholars. His theological writings have been examined; however, his literary persona is still little-known. In contrast to most considerations of him, this study examines al-Nāshiʾ as a poet and critic foremost.

Some of the Phonetic Efforts of Al-Khaleel Bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi (died 170A.H.) in the Place and Manner of Articulation of Sounds

These humble pages try to classify some of Al-Khaleel bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi’s phonetic achievements which are represented by tackling the manners and places of articulation of sounds. This work consists of three sections.The first is about the efforts exerted in the scope of sounds places of articulation. The seconds tackles on those sounds manners of articulation. And the third is concerned with the studies and efforts related to phonetic terms that are employed in the description of both manners and places of

Some Phonological Aspects of Vocoids and Contoids with Reference to English and Arabic Language

This article investigates the most important dichotomy in phonology—the concept of vocoids and contoids. Pike (1943:66-78) proposed two separate distinctions, one strictly phonetic and the other based on function, or phonological criteria, as a possible solution to this terminology. Pike suggests the words vocoid and contoid for the phonetic distinction. The appropriateness of drawing a distinction based on the acoustics and articulation of sounds has been contested by a variety of linguists. In order to identify and analyze both the articulatory and acoustic aspects of a segment, most of phonologists claim that it is important to separate vocoids and contoids. In terms of acoustics and articulation, all sounds in the world's languages can be roughly divided into vocoids and contoids. This study also compares certain phonological aspects between English and standard Arabic related to the previous mentioned terms to show the similarities and differences between the two languages.

THE ROLE OF MULTIMEDIA IN THE FORMATION OF PERFORMING SKILLS OF A BEGINNER FLUTIST

The article discusses multimedia applications that are the most appropriate for optimisation of the learning process in a flute classroom at the initial stage of training: Music Speed Changer, Master Flute Tuner, Metronome Beats, the Sound application, the noise meter application. The relevance of their usage is related to the specifics of the children of Generation Alpha, who currently make up the main contingent of students of children’s music and arts schools. According to the author of the article, the main task of introducing multimedia is to increase the effectiveness of classes in a systemic and systematic independent work aimed at the formation of a flutist’s performing skills, such as sound characteristics, phrasing, nuance, pitch intonation, sound milling, sound articulation, vibrato.

The Role Of English Consonants In Language Development : Acquisition And Articulation

This article examines the crucial role of English consonants in the language development of individuals, focusing on their acquisition and articulation processes. It explores how children acquire and master consonants in the English language, highlighting the significant milestones in their articulation development. The acquisition of English consonants plays a pivotal role in the overall language development of children. It involves the gradual learning of phonetic distinctions and the ability to produce and perceive consonant sounds accurately. This article discusses the various stages of consonant acquisition, starting from early babbling to the development of a more sophisticated consonant inventory. Articulation, the physical production of speech sounds, is a key component of consonant acquisition. The article emphasizes the importance of clear articulation for effective communication. It delves into the challenges that learners may encounter during the articulation process, such as difficulty in producing specific consonant sounds or mastering complex sound combinations. Furthermore, the article highlights the connection between consonant acquisition and vocabulary development. Adequate mastery of consonants enables learners to pronounce words correctly, enhancing their overall language proficiency and communication skills. Understanding the role of English consonants in language development is crucial for educators, parents, and speech-language pathologists. By gaining insights into the acquisition and articulation of consonant sounds, stakeholders can provide appropriate guidance and support to facilitate language learning and address any potential difficulties that learners may encounter. Overall, this article emphasizes the significance of English consonants in language development, emphasizing their role in acquisition, articulation, and vocabulary expansion.

Neurocomputational modeling of speech motor development.

This review describes a computational approach for modeling the development of speech motor control in infants. We address the development of two levels of control: articulation of individual speech sounds (defined here as phonemes, syllables, or words for which there is an optimized motor program) and production of sound sequences such as phrases or sentences. We describe the DIVA model of speech motor control and its application to the problem of learning individual sounds in the infant's native language. Then we describe the GODIVA model, an extension of DIVA, and how chunking of frequently produced phoneme sequences is implemented within it.

A Study of Selected Igbo Television Presenters’ Pronunciation of English Speech Sounds

The English language is used to solve the problem of language variation or problems emanating from language variation in Nigeria. Mass media plays a major role in conveying information to the general public. The conveyance of information is possible and easy when appropriate linguistic tools as well as the correct pronunciation of words are employed. However, there is always the implication of wrong pronunciation on the listeners whenever television presenters do not articulate words correctly. Some television presenters are faced with the problem of mother tongue interference which may lead to the incorrect articulation of English speech sounds. This is responsible for the phonological errors that are evident in the speeches of many television presenters, especially from the Igbo speech communities with significant implications on the educational performance of Nigerian youths who see them as stars and also imitate their phonological errors. The study, therefore, investigates the pronunciation of English speech sounds of selected Igbo television presenters. Data for the study were gathered from four (4) randomly selected television stations and one (1) purposively selected television station. These stations were selected because they are widely watched and some of them are award-winning television stations. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage frequency. The result of the study reveals that the presenters in this study substitute /t/ for // and /d/ for /ð/; /Ɔ/ and /Ɔ:/ for //; /Ɔ:/, /a/, or /e/ for /ɜ:/ and /i/, /a/ or /e/ for /ǝ/. The reason for this is the fact that the central Igbo consonantal inventory has no dental fricatives // and /ð/ and at the vowel level, it has no central vowels //, /ɜ:/ and /ǝ/. So, interference occurs in the pronunciation of these sounds. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the phonological aspect of the English language should be handled by specialists; Nigerians should be sensitized on the need for proficiency in oral English hence, it should be one of the criteria for selection of television presenters.

Occupational therapy using a sensory integration

The article analyzes the use of occupational therapy with elements of sensory integration to improve functional capacity and quality of life for children who have problems with coordination of movements, hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to certain stimuli.
 Principles of sensory integration and various techniques that can be used during occupational therapy are described. It was noted that occupational therapy using sensory integration can be an effective method of rehabilitation and improvement of the quality of life of children with autism, Down syndrome, mental retardation, cerebral palsy and other disorders.
 The goal of sensory integration therapy is to strengthen, balance and develop the processing of sensory stimuli by the central nervous system. A complex of sensory integration exercises is created based on sensory diagnostics individually for each patient. The choice of exercises and tasks for sensory integration should depend on the individual characteristics of the patient and the specific goal of therapy.
 The results of our study indicate that the use of sensory integration in patients with various diagnoses allows to achieve positive results in improving their physical, mental and social condition. Moreover, children love to perform these tasks, since the classes are played in a playful way.
 In particular, in patients with motility disorders, improvement in coordination of movements, increase in muscle tone, improvement in motor skills and balance was recorded. In children with impaired speech development, the use of sensory integration made it possible to improve the articulation of sounds, expand the vocabulary and improve coherent speech.
 The use of sensory integration in children with mental retardation and autism has helped to improve communication, reduce behavioral problems and increase her level of independence, learning to regulate her sensations and adapt to different types of stimuli, allowing her to function better in everyday life and be more independent.

Phonological Features of Saudi Arabian Anthroponyms

Beyond its traditional function, phonology has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the gender marking of given names in some Germanic languages. However, this significance has not been investigated for Semitic languages, including Arabic. Therefore, irrespective of the classical gender-identification approaches (i.e., familiarity, morphology, semantics, and pragmatics), the present study examines whether the phonological structures of Saudi first names may solely reveal the gender of that name. The first names of Saudi males (N= 237) and Saudi females (N=419) drawn from the registrar of a Saudi university in Riyadh were analyzed according to various phonological variables, including the number of phonemes, the number of syllables, the distinction between open vs closed syllables, the manner of articulation of name-initial and name-final sounds, stress position, in addition to the state of the glottis. The quantitative study finds that compared to male names, female names have fewer phonemes, tend to begin with an open syllable, are more likely to be stressed in the second position, are more likely to end with a vowel or a voiceless consonant, are more likely, to begin with, a glottal stop and a trill, and are more likely to end with a vowel or a glottal fricative.

Three-dimensional evaluation of orofacial movements during articulation in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular asymmetry

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to compare the perioral soft tissue movements in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with and without mandibular asymmetry during sound articulation. Materials and Methods Patients with skeletal Class III facial deformity with mandibular asymmetry (asymmetric facial deformity; AFD, n = 21), without mandibular asymmetry (symmetric facial deformity; SFD, n = 27), and control skeletal Class I healthy individuals (n = 24) participated in this study. Perioral soft tissue movements were recorded during the articulation of /apa/, /ipi/, /upu/, /epe/, and /opo/ using a three-dimensional motion capture system. The asymmetry index (AI) of the range of movements of the commissure points on both sides was compared among the three groups by Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn–Bonferroni test. Additionally, the correlation between the AI and the range of menton (Me) deviation was examined among patients in the SFD or AFD group by Spearman’s correlation test. Results AI on the vertical and sagittal dimensions during the /ipi/ sound articulation in the AFD group was significantly lower than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). In the AFD and SFD groups, AI on the vertical dimension was significantly correlated with Me deviation during /ipi/ sound articulation, as well as on the sagittal dimension during /apa/, /ipi/, /upu/, and /epe/ sound articulation (p < 0.05). Conclusion AFD patients displayed more asymmetric perioral soft tissue movements than SFD patients during bilabial sound production.

Dance and Language in Phonetics Class

The chapter focuses on specialized communication and, more exactly, the use of technical terms between laypersons and experts of dancing. The phonetics of German is regarded as a resource for conveying specialist knowledge via the speech organs activated in the articulation of sounds, vowel quantity and quality during pronunciation training. Using material from a series of workshops, it can be demonstrated how the learner - the contemporary dancer - relates the specialist knowledge from the field of German phonetics to the specialist knowledge about the qualities of movement, and how s/he includes body movement in the pronunciation training which becomes a performative practice.

Изучение фонетики студентами лингвистических специальностей по методу «шедоуинг»: трудности и потенциальные решения

The paper describes the use of the shadowing technique, which entails learners of the foreign language reading an authentic text together with the speaker in order to copy the rhythm and tempo, and connected speech peculiarities, thereby, improving their articulation, phonetic, lexical, grammatical, translation and other skills in the foreign language. According to the observations of other researchers, this method helps students improve articulation and intonation characteristics, and speech fluency; however, there is no comprehensive description of the issues discovered by the authors while using this method with the students of linguistic specialties in phonetics course. Based on the observations of 96 first-year students who study Linguistics and Pedagogy with the B1+ level according to the CEFR, the researchers have identified a number of challenges in using this method to teach students of the linguistic faculties. The students may face the following issues: 1) difficulties with making their own markings especially in the beginning of their studies; 2) skeptical attitude towards the changes made, trouble identifying the right tone; 3) reluctance of a particular percentage of students to spend enough time on self-study which this technique is predicated upon (in the current study, this was around a quarter of the students); 4) particular sound articulation challenges, difficulty copying English tones, as well as pronouncing long thought groups; 5) psychological barriers. The authors suggest potential solutions, such as using Praat software to analyze speech, measuring pitch and intensity to resolve markup disputes; emphasizing and illustrating the importance of studying the phonetic aspects of the language to achieve successful communication; targeted work with the articulation of sounds that are absent or different from Russian ones.

Examining the 'hyper' status of Varèse's 'prism'

This paper offers an interpretation of the composition Hyperprism by Edgard Varèse. It provides an explanation of the work's possible meanings, placing emphasis on the investigation of the "hyper" status of the work as a "prism". Relying on the composer's poetics and bearing in mind his scientific approach to sound and sound articulation, this paper proposes the interpretation of the meaning of Hyperprism from the perspectives of geometry, optics, and mineralogy.

Evaluation of modified C-palatal plates on speech articulation using acoustic analysis.

The purpose of this study was to assess speech perturbation and adaptation for patients wearing modified C-palatal plates (MCPPs) over time. The sample consisted of 40 patients, 20 wearing MCPPs as the experimental group (age: 20.7± 5.8 years) and 20 patients wearing a transpalatal arch (TPA) as the control group (age: 21.5± 6.4 years). The sounds /t/, /d/, /s/, /n/, /r/, /tʃ/. and /j/ were recorded for each patient at six time points: immediately before (T0) and after (T1) appliance placement; then 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after placement (T2-T5). Acoustic analysis of pitch and voice onset time (VOT) was performed by Praat software. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was used to assess changes in the pitch and VOT over time and the difference between the appliances. With the MCPP appliance, /n/, /r/, /tʃ/ and /j/ decreased in VOT starting in the first week while /t/ and /s/ almost returned to pre-treatment levels after 2 weeks. VOT for the /d/ sound did not change between T0 and T3, but it decreased after 3 weeks. There were no significant differences in pitch and VOT between the two groups at any time point. Wearing an MCPP device caused patients to initially distort the articulation of several sounds, but the distortion dissipated within 1 to 2 weeks. It is recommended that patients and/or their parents be advised during pre-treatment counselling of the possibility of temporary speech changes with MCPP placement.