Tetrabromobisphenol A Sorption Research Articles

Adsorption behaviors and bioavailability of tetrabromobisphenol A in the presence of polystyrene microplastic in soil: Effect of microplastics aging

Microplastics, a kind of emerging pollutant, have become a global environmental research hotspot in recent years due to its wide distribution in soil and its impact on soil ecosystems. However, little information is available on the interactions between microplastics and organic contaminants in soil, especially after microplastic aging. The impact of polystyrene (PS) microplastic aging on the sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in soil and the desorption characteristics of TBBPA-loaded microplastics in different environments were studied. The results showed a significant increase of 76.3% in adsorption capacity of TBBPA onto PS microplastics after aging for 96 h. Based on the results of characterization analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the mechanisms of TBBPA adsorption changed mainly from hydrophobic and π-π interactions on pristine PS microplastics to hydrogen bond and π-π interactions on aged PS microplastics. The presence of PS microplastics increased the TBBPA sorption capacity onto soil-PS microplastics system and significantly altered the distribution of TBBPA on soil particles and PS microplastics. The high TBBPA desorption over 50% from aged PS microplastics in simulated earthworm gut environment suggested that TBBPA contamination combined with PS microplastics might pose a higher risk to macroinvertebrates in soil. Overall, these findings contribute to the understanding of impact of PS microplastic aging in soil on the environmental behaviors of TBBPA, and provide valuable reference for evaluating the potential risk posed by the co-existence of microplastics with organic contaminants in soil ecosystems.

Interaction of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) with microplastics-sediment (MPs-S) complexes: A comparison between binary and simple systems

The presence of microplastics (MPs) and the associated organic pollutants in the aquatic environment has attracted growing concern in recent years. MPs could compete with chemicals for adsorption sites on the surface of sediment, affecting the sorption processes of pollutants on sediment. However, few studies focused on the binary system of microplastics-sediment (MPs-S), which appear much common in aquatic environment. Herein, we investigated the interactions between a continuously used flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and four MPs-S complexes (PVC–S, PE-S, PP-S and PS-S). The equilibrium adsorption capacities were 17.1, 15.6, 15.4, and 14.0 mg/kg for PVC-S, PS-S, PE-S, and PP-S, respectively. Kinetics suggest that adsorption behavior of TBBPA was fitted by pseudo-second-order model. Co-adsorption of TBBPA in binary systems were much lower than the sum of each simple system, which may be due to the mutually occupied adsorption sites. Higher ionic strength and lower dissolved organic matter strengthened the sorption of TBBPA onto MPs-S complexes. The enhanced sorption capacities for TBBPA were observed with elevated proportion and small particle size of MPs in the MPs-S complexes. This study contributes to the knowledge on the impact of MPs in partitioning of organic pollutants in-between solid and aqueous phases in the aquatic environment.

Sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A onto microplastics: Behavior, mechanisms, and the effects of sorbent and environmental factors

Microplastics (MPs) and halogenated organic pollutants coexist in ambient water and MPs tend to sorb organic pollutants from surrounding environments. Herein, a study on the sorption behavior of tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) onto four different MPs, namely, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was carried out. Effects of MPs properties and environmental factors, including the type, surface charge and pore volume as well as the ionic strength (Ca2+) and humic acid (HA) on the sorption of TBBPA were discussed. Results showed that the sorption of TBBPA onto the MPs could reached an equilibrium within 24 h, and the sorption capacities decreased in the following order —PVC (101.85 mg kg-1) >PS (78.95 mg kg-1) >PP (58.57 mg kg-1) >PE (49.43 mg kg-1). Adsorption kinetics data fitted by intraparticle diffusion model revealed both surface sorption and intraparticle diffusion contributed, in the interfacial diffusion stage approximately 11–29% of TBBPA slowly diffused onto the surface of the MPs, and finally, in the intraparticle diffusion stage. The increase of Ca2+ concentration could promote the sorption of TBBPA by PE, PP, and PS, but no significant alteration for PVC. For all the four MPs, HA was found to exert a negative effect on TBBPA sorption. The adsorption was mainly driven by hydrophobic partition and electrostatic interactions.

Efficient removal of tetrabromobisphenol A using microporous and mesoporous carbons: The role of pore structure

Abstract Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a widely used flame retardant yet a persistent pollutant in the environment. In this study, various microporous and mesoporous carbon-based materials were synthesized and their adsorption performance toward TBBPA was systematically evaluated. The adsorbents were characterized by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption and Zeta potential measurements. TBBPA adsorption over coal-based activated carbon (F300), coconut-shell-based activated carbon (AC) and CMK-3 followed Freundlich adsorption model, while TBBPA adsorption over zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC), single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) could be well described by both Freundlich model and Langmuir model. Compared with F300 and AC, TBBPA diffusion on ZTC and CMK-3 is faster because of their ordered pore structure and higher average pore size. The surface-area-normalized adsorption capacity of TBBPA was higher on ZTC, AC and F300 than on CMK-3, SWNT and MWNT, which can be attributed to the stronger micropore-filling effect with the microporous carbonaceous materials. The presence of humic acids had little effect on TBBPA sorption over ZTC, F300, CMK-3 and AC, while suppressed TBBPA adsorption on SWNT and MWNT were observed. In the column adsorption test, ZTC was capable of continuously treating synthetic wastewater stream, indicating that ZTC had great potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for TBBPA removal.

Tetrabromobisphenol A adsorption by active carbon: influential factors and kinetics

Frequency detection and environmental risk of Tetrabromobisphenol A （TBBPA）in aqueous system attracted many concerns. Nevertheless, mutual interactions between TBBPA and natural or synthetic chemical materials has not be clearly revealed. In this study, influential factors, adsorption behavior and mutual dynamism of active carbon (AC) and TBBPA were comprehensively explored. It was found that chemical sorption efficiency of AC reached more than 90%. The adsorption behavior can be depicted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, whose kinetic could be well described by pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The chemisorption of AC is mainly single molecular layer mode for TBBPA adsorption, during which presence of SO42-, HCO3- and humic acid significantly inhibited TBBPA sorption capability. Proper temperature and pH promoted the adsorption efficiency of TBBPA. The obtained results demonstrated that AC adsorption is one feasible and effective technique for enhanced treatment technique for TBBPA containing wastewater.

Removal of tetrabromobisphenol-A from aqueous solution by Al13-Montmorillonite modified with different types of surfactants and transition metals

In this study, remediation of tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) from aqueous solution by sorption using transition metals-modified inorganic–organic montmorillonite (IOMt) was demonstrated. The adsorbents were prepared in two steps: (1) intercalation of surfactants into Al13-pillared montmorillonite for synthesizing two types of IOMt; (2) incorporation of transition metals (Cu2+, Ni2+, or Co2+) onto those IOMts. Firstly, these materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM-EDS, and BET analyses. Then, experiments were conducted on the sorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of TBBPA. In general, sorption process with Cu- and Ni-modified IOMt achieved higher TBBPA removal efficiency than sorption process with original IOMt. The modified IOMt displayed the sorption capacity that varied depending on TBBPA initial concentration, pH, and metals loading. However, the type of surfactants did not influence TBBPA sorption on metals-modified IOMt. This probably indicated that complex interaction between TBBPA and metals rather than hydrophobicity plays a key factor in TBBPA sorption process. Equilibrium data could be well interpreted by the Freundlich model, and the rate of sorption was adjusted to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The negative values of Gibbs energy change (∆G) and positive values of enthalpy change (∆H) indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of process.

Sorption characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol A by oxidized and ethylendiamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Two kinds of functional groups, carboxyl, and amidogen were attached to on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with mixed acid and ethylenediamine (EDA). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterization showed no distinguishable changes in morphology, but found defects on the walls of the modified MWCNTs, and X-ray diffraction characterization indicated that the MWCNTs still retain the graphite structure. The sorption kinetics, sorption isotherms, and thermodynamics of pristine and modified MWCNTs were also investigated. The results showed that the equilibrium sorption could be well modeled by a pseudo-second-order kinetic fit. The uptake of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) sharply decreased with increasing pH values under alkaline conditions and at higher temperatures. The sorption isotherms of TBBPA on MWCNTs were well described by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Carboxyl- and hydroxyl-functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNTs-O) have higher values of the change in the standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) than do the amino-functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNTs-N); this is in agreement with the phenomenon that MWCNTs-O have a slightly higher sorption capacity than MWCNTs-N. The calculated thermodynamic parameters suggest that the sorption of TBBPA onto the modified MWCNTs is a feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic process. It was also proposed that hydrophobic interactions and π–π interactions were dominant in TBBPA sorption onto MWCNTs. The three sorbents retain a high sorption capacity after five sorption and desorption cycles.

Insights into tetrabromobisphenol A adsorption onto soils: Effects of soil components and environmental factors

Concerns regarding tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), the most widely utilized brominated flame retardant in the world, are growing because of the wide application and endocrine-disrupting potential of this compound. To properly assess its environmental impacts, it is important to understand the mobility and fate of TBBPA in soil environments. In this study, the effects of soil components, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metal cations on TBBPA adsorption onto two Chinese soils (red soil and black soil) were investigated using batch sorption experiments. The desorption behavior of TBBPA when the two soils are irrigated with eutrophicated river water was also investigated. The results showed that pH greatly affects the adsorptive behavior of TBBPA in soils. Iron oxide minerals and phyllosilicate minerals are both active surfaces for TBBPA sorption, in addition to soil organic matter (SOM). DOC (50mgOCL−1) exhibited a limited effect on TBBPA sorption only under neutral conditions. TBBPA sorption was only minimally affected by the heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+) in the studied pH range. Eutrophicated river water significantly enhanced the desorption of TBBPA from red soil due to the change in soil solution pH. These findings indicate that mobility of TBBPA in soils is mainly associated with soil pH, organic matter and clay fractions: it will be retained by soils or sediments with high organic matter and clay fractions under acidic conditions but becomes mobile under alkaline conditions.

Sorption-Desorption Characteristics of Tetrabromobisphenol A on Humin and Sediment of Lake Chaohu, China

Three components of sediments with regard to the sorption-desorption characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in sediment water systems were investigated. Results show that the Freundlich and Langmuir model can describe the sorption behavior of TBBPA well. The calculated Γ max (maximum unit sorption quantity) values were 1.47, 2.13, and 3.65 mg/kg for mineral group (MG), clay group (CG), and humin group (HG) sediments, respectively. HG exhibited a stronger nonlinear behavior than did CG and MG. The order of sorption capability was as follows: HG > CG > MG. Desorption capability order was the opposite. Simultaneously, it was found that precipitation was the main sorption type for TBBPA on sediment. The contribution of precipitation sorption ranged from 45 percent to 70 percent within a TBBPA concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/L in the supernatant. This may be attributable to anomalous changes in the compounds9 ionic activity in combination with metal cations. Sorption-desorption experiments on clay sediment were also conducted at pH levels ranging from 3 to 14 and temperatures ranging from 4°C to 30°C. In this regard, the sorption of TBBPA decreased as pH and temperature increased gradually. Furthermore, sorption and desorption reached a dynamic equilibrium at pH 11.5 and at a temperature of 30°C, respectively. The release of TBBPA from sediment would be higher in summer than in the three other seasons, which may pose a potential ecological risk for aquatic life in lakes.

Kinetics and interfacial thermodynamics of the pH-related sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

Surface functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was performed using mixed acid and ethylenediamine. The materials were characterized by electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared, N2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The pH-dependent sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) onto raw and functionalized MWCNTs was investigated. A decrease in TBBPA uptake was found to be dependent on the adsorptive pKa in alkaline conditions. Two types of MWCNTs exhibited rapid binding kinetics for TBBPA sorption within 20 min. The kinetics of TBBPA sorption onto MWCNTs were analyzed using a pseudo-second-order model, an intraparticle diffusion model and Boyd model. The results showed that TBBPA sorption on MWCNTs and N-MWCNTs could be well described by the pseudo-second-order model, and the external diffusion (boundary layer diffusion) was the rate-limiting step. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was applied to calculate interfacial free energies and to explain the sorption characteristics between the sorbent and solute. This analysis revealed that hydrophobic attractive interactions (i.e., interfacial AB interactions) were dominant in TBBPA sorption onto MWCNTs.

Sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A from solution onto MIEX resin: Batch and column test

The sorption characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) onto MIEX resin were investigated using batch and column experiment. Effects of contact time, initial concentration, pH, temperature, coexisting anions and natural organic matter were determined. The kinetics data indicated that TBBPA sorption process reached equilibrium within 6h. TBBPA removal was high at the pH<8.0, and the removal sharply decreased with increasing the initial pH from 8.0 to 12.0. Major anions reduced TBBPA sorption in the order of HPO42−>SO42−>HCO3−>NO3−. The results were shown that the sorption equilibrium could be well fitted by Langmuir isotherm and the maximun sorption capacity was caculated as 49.19mg/g. The results demonstrated the sorption kinetics agreed with the pseudo second-order model, indicating that the sorption of TBBPA onto MIEX was chemical sorption. The negative ΔG0, ΔH0and ΔS0 values indicated that TBBPA sorption was a thermodynamically spontaneous and an exothermic process. The results of column test shown that the dynamic sorption capacity, 33.19mg/g, was less than the aforementioned sorption capacity. The simulation of the breakthrough curve was successful with Yoon–Nelson model and Thomas model. The present studies shown that MIEX had a good potential to be used as sorbent for TBBPA removal from water.

Sorption and removal of tetrabromobisphenol A from solution by graphene oxide

The sorption characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on graphene oxide (GO) was investigated using batch experiments. Effects of contact time, pH, temperature, coexisting anions and humic acid (HA) were determined. The kinetics data indicated that TBBPA sorption process reached equilibrium within 10h. In alkaline conditions and at higher temperatures, a large reduction of TBBPA uptake was observed. Major anions reduced TBBPA sorption in the order of NO3-<SO42-<HPO42-<HCO3-. Moreover, HA had obvious effect on TBBPA sorption. The results were shown that the sorption equilibrium could be well fitted by Langmuir model with maximum sorption capacity of 115.77mg/g. The desorption hysteresis of TBBPA was obvious in the twice-cycle sorption and desorption experiments. Both π–π interaction interactions and hydrogen bonds might be responsible for the sorption of TBBPA on GO. TBBPA sorption could be well described by pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the sorption of TBBPA was exothermic and spontaneous process.

Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of the sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A on multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is widely used as a flame retardant and is relatively persistent in the environment. This study reports the sorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of TBBPA on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The equilibrium sorption capacity has been significantly improved by increasing the initial TBBPA concentration and contact time. In alkaline conditions and at high temperatures, a large reduction of TBBPA uptake was observed. The equilibrium between TBBPA and MWCNTs was achieved in approximately 60 min with removal of 96% of the TBBPA. The sorption kinetics were well described by a pseudo-second-order rate model, while both Langmuir and Freundlich models described the sorption isotherms well at different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the sorption of TBBPA is exothermic and spontaneous at the temperatures studied.

Sorption behavior of tetrabromobisphenol A in two soils with different characteristics

Sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in soil influences its fate and transport in the environment. The sorption behaviors of TBBPA in two soils with different characteristics were investigated using batch equilibration experiments in the study, and the impacts of ionic strength and pH on the sorption were also evaluated. The results showed that the fast sorption rather than the slow sorption played a main role in the sorption process. The nonlinear sorption isotherms of TBBPA in the soils were observed and the Freundlich model could describe the sorption behavior of TBBPA well. The calculated K F were 78.5 and 364.6 (mg/kg)(mg/L) − n for LN soil (loamy clay) and GX soil (silt loam), respectively. Soil organic matter (SOM) played a main role in the sorption of TBBPA, which contributed about 90% to the sorption in the soils. The desorption hysteresis of TBBPA was revealed in the single-cycle sorption and desorption experiments. The sorbed amount of TBBPA decreased with the increase in solution pH and increased with the increase in ionic strength. It was found that the effects of ionic strength on the sorption were mainly caused by the change of solution pH.

Effects of dissolved organic matter from sewage sludge on sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A by soils

Sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by soil influences its fate and transport in the environment. The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may complicate the sorption process in soil. The effects of DOM from sewage sludge on TBBPA sorption by three soils were investigated using batch equilibration experiments in the study. DOM was observed to be sorbed on the soils and the isotherms could be fitted by the Langmuir model. The effects of DOM on TBBPA sorption were dependent on the characteristics of soils and the concentrations of DOM present. TBBPA sorption by Henan (HN) soil (sandy loam) and Liaoning (LN) soil (loamy clay) was promoted in the presence of DOM at low concentration (< or = 90 mg organic carbon (OC)/L), and the sorption was promoted by HN soil and inhibited by LN soil at DOM added concentration of 180 mg OC/L. TBBPA sorption by Guangxi (GX) soil (silt loam) was always inhibited in the presence of DOM. It was also found that the amount of TBBPA sorbed decreased with the increase in the solution pH value in the absence of DOM. The influencing mechanisms of DOM on the sorption of TBBPA by soils were also discussed.