Use Of Sorbitol Research Articles

Effect of plasticizers on the rheological properties of xanthan gum - starch biodegradable films

The effect of plasticizers, namely glycerol, sorbitol, and citric acid, on the structural and mechanical properties of biodegradable films obtained from xanthan gum (XG) and starch was studied. The plasticizing effect of glycerol, sorbitol, and citric acid on XG-starch films is justified by the destruction of intermolecular contacts between starch and XG macromolecules and the redistribution of hydrogen bonds in the system as a result of the hydrotropic action of plasticizer molecules. The use of glycerol proved to be the most effective for regulating the deformation of films, while the use of sorbitol to preserve strength. The dependence of the film roughness on the type and concentration of plasticizers was characterized. The smallest values of protrusions on the surface of XG-starch films were found in the presence of sorbitol. Considering the effect of the concentration of plasticizers on the stickiness of the surface of XG-starch films and their structural and mechanical properties, 1.5 % concentration of glycerol, sorbitol and citric acid was determined as optimal.

In-Vitro Propagation of Malus domestica and its Conservation

Conventional methods of propagation commonly used for commercially important apple varieties are time consuming, laborious and induce disease transmission from donor to propagating plant. To overcome these problems, a study was designed to optimize the procedure for micropropagation and conservation of Apple. For this purpose, the excised shoot tips of apple varieties were collected from the field of Biological Conservation Institute (BCI), NARC, Islamabad. The surface sterilization of shoot tips was done with 10, 15 20 % sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes followed by ethanol application at 10, 15 and 20 % for 15 minutes. It had been observed that 10 % of sodium hypochlorite showed maximum survival percentage for ex-plant establishment. After culture initiation, ex-plants were transferred to MS media with the addition of different hormones i.e., BAP at the concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 mg/L, GA3 from 0.5 to 2.5 mg/L and IBA from 0.5 to 3.5 mg/L under aseptic conditions. The results revealed that maximum number of leaves, shoots and plant height was attained with the addition of BAP 0.1 mg/L as compared to other hormonal concentrations. Cultures were incubated at 25 ᵒC under 1000-1500 lux. The plants after propagation were shifted to conservation media for five months (sorbitol mannitol at 10, 20 and 30 g/L each). The use of sorbitol at the concentration of 10 g/L showed slowest growth recorded after 35 days. This optimized method can be used for efficient mass scale production of true type apple varieties and breeders may get disease free plantlets of apples.

FORMULASI TABLET KUYAH DARI MINYAK ATSIRI JERUK KALAMANSI (Citrofortunella microcarpa) DENGAN VARIASI PEMANIS SORBITOL

In the essential oil of calamansi orange peel, the main component is limonene, which is known to have antimicrobial and antiseptic activity. The chewable tablet dosage form is considered suitable to be combined with calamansi orange essential oil which has been proven to have antibacterial properties, so it is necessary to add variations of sorbitol sweetener. The general objective of this research is to obtain chewable tablets that have good physical properties and taste that are accepted by the market. This study examined (1) the physical evaluation test of all chewable tablet formulations meeting the physical evaluation requirements (weight uniformity test, size uniformity test, and taste response test) (2) taste response test was carried out on variations in the use of sorbitol. The chewable tablets were formulated in 3 groups, FI (Sorbitol 50%), FII (sorbitol : 60%) and FIII (Sorbitol : 70%), and the formulation of the chewable tablets used the direct compression method. The test results for the physical properties of the tablets showed that all tablets met the requirements. The effect on the use of sorbitol in the formulation increased the hardness, friability, and sweetness of the tablets, but had no effect on the uniformity of the weight and uniformity of the size of the tablets. The formulation of the chewable tablet which was very good was seen from the results of the physical properties test and the taste response of the tablet and the best formulation was Formula III

P AOX1 expression in mixed-substrate continuous cultures of Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) is completely determined by methanol consumption regardless of the secondary carbon source.

The expression of recombinant proteins by the AOX1 promoter of Komagataella phaffii is typically induced by adding methanol to the cultivation medium. Since growth on methanol imposes a high oxygen demand, the medium is often supplemented with an additional secondary carbon source which serves to reduce the consumption of methanol, and hence, oxygen. Early research recommended the use of glycerol as the secondary carbon source, but more recent studies recommend the use of sorbitol because glycerol represses P AOX1 expression. To assess the validity of this recommendation, we measured the steady state concentrations of biomass, residual methanol, and LacZ expressed from P AOX1 over a wide range of dilution rates (0.02-0.20h-1) in continuous cultures of the Mut+ strain fed with methanol + glycerol (repressing) and methanol + sorbitol (non-repressing). We find that under these conditions, the specific P AOX1 expression rate (measured as either specific LacZ productivity or specific AOX productivity) is completely determined by the specific methanol consumption rate regardless of the type (repressing/non-repressing) of the secondary carbon source. In both cultures, the specific P AOX1 expression rate is proportional to the specific methanol consumption rate, provided that the latter is below 0.15g/(gdw-h); beyond this threshold consumption rate, the specific P AOX1 expression rate of both cultures saturates to the same value. Analysis of the data in the literature shows that the same phenomenon also occurs in continuous cultures of Escherichia coli fed with mixtures of lactose plus repressing/non-repressing carbon sources. The specific P lac expression rate is completely determined by the specific lactose consumption rate, regardless of the type of secondary carbon source, glycerol or glucose.

Bio-based adhesive derived from citric acid and sorbitol for wood-composite manufacture

ABSTRACT Wood composites are manufactured by joining wood fibres, strands, or particles together with an adhesive, but it is necessary for eliminate the use of formaldehyde-based adhesives in the manufacture of wood composites for the sake of indoor air quality and human health. This initial study has demonstrated the use of sorbitol and citric acid as a potential bio-based formaldehyde-free adhesive for wood-composite manufacture. A solution of citric acid and sorbitol in water was sprayed onto wood particles which were then pressed at 160°C, 180°C, or 200°C for 13 min, to produce boards with a target thickness of 8 mm. The FTIR spectra contained an absorption band at 1720cm−1, presumably due to the esters of citric acid and sorbitol. Pressing of a temperature of 200°C gave boards with the highest modulus of elasticity and the highest internal bond strength. The results reveal a new potential bio-adhesive for the manufacture of wood composites.

Improving the Quality of Frozen Fillets of Semi-Dried Gourami Fish (Trichogaster pectoralis) by Using Sorbitol and Citric Acid.

Semi-dried gourami fish (Trichogaster pectoralis) is popularly consumed domestically and exported as a frozen product. This study was conducted to prevent deterioration quality in frozen fish fillets during storage. This research aims to investigate the effects of sorbitol and citric acid at concentrations of 2.5% and 5% (w/w) of frozen gourami fish fillets compared to the fillets soaked in distilled water on physicochemical properties, such as cooking loss, cooking yield, drip loss, pH, TBARS, color, and texture profile analyses (TPA) during storage at −18 ± 2 °C for a period of 0, 20, and 40 days. The fish soaked in sorbitol and citric acid solutions had significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein and fat contents than the control sample. Sorbitol was able to retain moisture in the product; therefore, the drip loss and cooking loss were the lowest, and cooking yield was the highest among other samples (p < 0.05). The addition of 5% (w/v) citric acid in frozen fish fillets can significantly retard the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (p < 0.05) during storage when compared to fish soaked in sorbitol solution kept for the same period. However, the addition of citric acid resulted in low quality in texture and color of frozen fish fillets. The use of sorbitol was the best alternative in frozen fish fillet product due to reducing the negative effects of freezing quality of the products and generating a cryoprotective effect compared to the fillets soaked in distilled water.

Red dual-emissive carbon dots for ratiometric sensing of veterinary drugs

Carbon dots have been rapidly developed as a kind of luminescent nanomaterials. However, methods for the synthesis of long-wavelength-emissive carbon dots are still not mature enough. Meanwhile, developing a fast and highly sensitive method to detect residual veterinary drugs in food is particularly significant for food safety. Herein, we report the facile fabrication of red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) for ratiometric sensing of veterinary drugs. With use of sorbitol and o-phenylenediamine as precursors, R-CDs was prepared via a one-pot solvothermal approach. The resulting R-CDs show mainly excitation-independent and dual-emissive photoluminescence (PL) located at 597 and 645 nm. Meanwhile, the PL quantum yield (QY) of R-CDs without further surface treatment is 33% under 540 nm excitation. Interestingly, the R-CDs exhibit fast fluorescence response to malachite green oxalate (MG oxalate), 1-aminohydantoin hydrochloride (AHD) and pefloxacin, which are abused widely and retained easily in animals. Ratiometric sensing of these veterinary drugs were successfully performed taking the advantage of dual-emissive PL property; the detection limits of MG oxalate, AHD and pefloxacin were 0.79, 0.25 and 0.85 μM, respectively.

Metatranscriptomic analyses of the oral microbiome.

Although the composition of the oral human microbiome is now well studied, regulation of genes within oral microbial communities remains mostly uncharacterized. Current concepts of periodontal disease and caries highlight the importance of oral biofilms and their role as etiological agents of those diseases. Currently, there is increased interest in exploring and characterizing changes in the composition and gene-expression profiles of oral microbial communities. These efforts aim to identify changes in functional activities that could explain the transition from health to disease and the reason for the chronicity of those infections. It is now clear that the functions of distinct species within the subgingival microbiota are intimately intertwined with the rest of the microbial community. This point highlights the relevance of examining the expression profile of specific species within the subgingival microbiota in the case of periodontal disease or caries lesions, in the context of the other members of the biofilm in vivo. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the oral community is the starting point for identifying environmental signals that modulate the shift in metabolism of the community from commensal to dysbiotic. These studies give a snapshot of the expression patterns of microbial communities and also allow us to determine triggers to diseases. For example, in the case of caries, studies have unveiled a potential new pathway of sugar metabolism, namely the use of sorbitol as an additional source of carbon by Streptococcusmutans; and in the case of periodontal disease, high levels of extracellular potassium could be a signal of disease. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify the real markers of the initial stages of caries and periodontal disease. More information on the gene-expression profiles of the host, along with the patterns from the microbiome, will lead to a clearer understanding of the modulation of health and disease. This review presents a summary of these initial studies, which have opened the door to a new understanding of the dynamics of the oral community during the dysbiotic process in the oral cavity.

The influence of the complexing agent on the luminescence of multicolor-emitting Y2O3:Eu3+,Er3+,Yb3+ phosphors obtained by the Pechini's method

In this study, it is reported the enhancement of the downshifting and the upconversion emission of Y2O3:Eu3+,Er3+,Yb3+ phosphor drove by sorbitol instead of the classic ethylene glycol used as polymerizing agent in the Pechini's synthesis. The RE3+ doping concentration was also varied to optimize the red or the green Er3+ emission or the Eu3+ red emission. Phosphors were obtained as high-crystalline and micro-sized particles, yet the doping concentration and the polymerizing agent influence the crystallite size and the lattice strain of the Y2O3 matrix that features optical band gap near to 5.6 eV. Under excitation at 378 nm, the downshifting emissions of Eu3+ and Er3+ are noticed, but under excitation at 463 nm, only the typical Eu3+ emission in the red spectral region is viewed. Contrarily, by exciting the phosphors at 980 nm within the IV spectral region, both green and red emissions of Er3+ plus the red emission of Eu3+ are seen through upconversion emission, and in this case, the pair Er3+/Yb3+ acts as sensitizers to the Eu3+ luminescence. Moreover, the use of sorbitol instead of ethylene glycol in the Pechini's synthesis enhances both downshifting and upconversion luminescence of phosphors due to a lowering of the Eu3+ local microssymmetry played by sorbitol, accordingly to the analyses of Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters of the phosphors. Finally, by varying the doping concentration, the polymerizing agent, and the excitation wavelength, the phosphor emission color may be tuned from the green towards the red spectral region.

Carbohydrate metabolism and transport in apple roots under nitrogen deficiency

Soluble sugars play important roles in plant development and stress response, and the nitrogen supply level can affect the among-organ distribution and metabolism of sugar in plants and, in turn, plant growth. To explore the adaptive response of apple root growth to nitrogen supply and its relationship with sugar metabolism, we used a hydroponic culture system to study how the nitrogen supply affects soluble sugar concentrations and sugar metabolism in apple roots. In hydroponic seedlings of Malus hupehensis, low nitrogen application caused rapid and vigorous proliferation of lateral roots, and the transcript levels of MdSOT1 and MdSUT3, which are involved in photoassimilate unloading in roots, were upregulated. The accumulation of sorbitol and sucrose in the fine roots was higher, and the activities of sucrose synthase, invertase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, which are involved in the degradation of sucrose and sorbitol, were significantly increased under a low nitrogen supply. Genes involved in sugar degradation, such as MdSDH1, MdSuSy5, and MdNINV3, play important roles in the efficient use of sorbitol and sucrose under nitrogen deficiency. Additionally, the activity of fructokinase and hexokinase, which are involved in hexose phosphorylation, and transcript levels of MdFRK2 and MdHK3 were significantly upregulated under nitrogen deficiency, and the hexose phosphate products F6P and G6P accumulated greatly in the roots. These results showed that the sugar metabolism capability and sink strength of the roots increased under low nitrogen, indicating that low nitrogen promotes the utilization of sugar in the roots to meet the demand for sugar under rapid root growth.

Plasticizer types affect quality and shelf life of eggs coated with rice protein.

The aim of study was evaluate the effect of using rice protein coating with different plasticizers types on the quality of eggs storaged at 20°C for 6weeks. Three hundred eggs were coated with rice protein at 8% solution combined with glycerol, propylene glycol or sorbitol. Uncoated eggs showed the highest weight loss (5.31%), while rice protein with glycerol (4.29%) propylene glycol (4.13%) and sorbitol (4.07%) solutions were effective in preventing weight lost. Uncoated eggs had the worst HU (58.40), albumen (9.52) and yolk (7.06) pH, and YI (0.33) after 6weeks of storage. The eggs coated of rice protein with glycerol, propylene glycol and sorbitol presented results with similar intern quality between them during all the storage period. However, the use of sorbitol as a plasticizer in the coating is more efficient in maintaining control of the increase in albumen pH. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a lower surface porosity in coated eggshell, indicating that the use of the coating may provide a protective barrier against the transfer of gases and moisture. In conclusion, the best egg protection results in terms of egg quality are obtained in eggs coated with rice protein and sorbitol.

1818 Acute Hematemesis From Kayexalate-Induced Esophageal Ulcer

INTRODUCTION: Hyperkalemia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities encountered in clinical practice. The treatment of hyperkalemia includes removal of the unwanted potassium from the body by cation exchange resins. e. g sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). The serious gastrointestinal side effects of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) have been reported with or without concomitant use of sorbitol including colonic perforation. The U.S food and drug administration (FDA) has issued a warning to avoid kayexalate administration with sorbitol. We present an individual with acute hematemesis due to bleeding esophageal ulcer immediately after treatment with kayexalate therapy. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: 63-year-old Hispanic man who was recalled to ED by renal team due to elevated potassium level of 6.6mg/dl. On arrival to ED his vitals were WNL. His physical examination includes distended non- tender abdomen and 2+ pitting edema of lower extremities. Rest of physical was within normal limits. His comorbid conditions include alcohol related decompensated cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and small nonbleeding esophageal varices seen on endoscopy performed 3 weeks before current illness. He was treated with oral kayexalate 30mg along with intravenous (I/V) dextrose, calcium gluconate and insulin. 45 minutes after oral SPS therapy patient developed large episode of hematemesis. He was intubated for airway protection. An emergent endoscopy was performed which showed multiple round, sharply demarcated, esophageal ulcers with mucosal oozing (Figure 1A) and small non bleeding esophageal varices were again seen. The two of the esophageal ulcers were actively oozing, to achieve the hemostasis, two hemostatic clips were deployed with cessation of bleeding (Figure 1B). The esophageal ulcer biopsies were not taken due to concern of causing iatrogenic bleeding in the presence of coagulopathy. He had no evidence recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. DISCUSSION: Kayexalate induced colonic ulcer, colonic ischemia and colonic necrosis has been repeatedly described in the literature. The kayexalate induced esophageal ulcer with significant hematemesis is rarely reported. Although the exact mechanism by which kayexalate causes esophageal ulcer to be elucidated but it is worthwhile to be vigilant about its potential adverse effects. Our case highlights the rare but certainly the life threatening complication of kayexalate therapy.

Cryopreservation of Andalusian donkey (Equus asinus) spermatozoa: Use of alternative energy sources in the freezing extender affects post-thaw sperm motility patterns but not DNA stability

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three sugars and Equex paste in a freezing extender for donkey sperm cryopreservation. Ejaculates (n = 18) were collected from six Andalusian donkeys of proven fertility were pooled (two ejaculates per pool) and cryopreserved using a freezing extender containing three different sugars (glucose, fructose and sorbitol), with or without the addition of Equex paste. Sperm quality was assessed before and after freezing-thawing for motility, morphology, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity. The use of sorbitol in the freezing extender improved total and progressive sperm motility (P < 0.05) and amplitude of lateral head displacement (P < 0.01), but it reduced the values for other sperm motility variables compared with glucose (P < 0.001). The use of fructose resulted in a reduction in values for most CASA variables (P < 0.05), whereas addition of Equex paste did not have any beneficial effect on values for these variables (P > 0.05). Glucose was more effective in maintaining sperm morphology (P < 0.05), while there was no beneficial effect with the addition of Equex paste (P > 0.05). Supplementation of fructose and Equex paste in the freezing extender decreased plasma membrane integrity (P < 0.05) as compared with glucose, but there were no differences between treatments for acrosome and DNA integrity (P > 0.05), even after 24 h of incubation. The use of different sugar sources in the extender could affect the in vitro post-thaw quality of cryopreserved donkey spermatozoa, with sorbitol being an interesting alternative for improving the sperm quality. Results of the present study indicate the use of Equex paste could negatively affect post-thaw outcomes for sperm viability in this species.

Cryoprotective effect of sorbitol on the muscle microstructure of yamú (Brycon amazonicus) during storage at 2 and -18 °C

Although freezing is generally used to preserve the sensory and nutritional quality of fish and their products, it cannot mitigate physicochemical changes of the fish meat during storage. This study aimed to determine the cryoprotective effect of sorbitol incorporated into the yamú muscle (Brycon amazonicus), subjected to different storage times and temperatures. The methodology consisted of analyzing microstructural changes, protein profile, and physicochemical properties (texture, water holding capacity and pH) of the yamú’s meat under two temperatures (2±2 and -18±2 °C), two storage times (24 and 48 h) and the incorporation or not of 5% (w/w) of a 60% sorbitol solution. The microstructural changes were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the protein profile was analyzed by SDS PAGE electrophoresis. The physicochemical properties evaluated in yamú’s meat were affected mainly by the interaction between temperature and storage time. The myofibrillar proteins underwent a partial degradation, and changes in the connective tissue were observed concerning the loss of texture especially when the meat was not treated with sorbitol at freezing temperature (-18 °C). The use of sorbitol minimized the negative effects of freezing on the characteristics of the yamú muscle, maintaining the integrity of the muscular microstructure and generating a cryoprotective effect in comparison to untreated meat.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI SORBITOL DAN PATIBERAS SEBAGAI EDIBLE COATING TERHADAP MUTU BUAH SALAK ( Salaca zalacca ) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN

The research was conducted with the aim to determine the right concentration between rice starch and sorbitol, and to determine the effect of the storage time of salacca fruit given an edible coating. The research used factorial RAL (complete randomized design) method. Factor 1 = Sorbitol concentration, cassava starch and distilled water consists of: S0 = Sorbitol concentration 0 ml (control); S1 = Sorbitol concentration of 1 ml + pb 10 g + aquades = 500 ml; S2 = Concentration of sorbitol 3 ml + pb 10 g + aquades 500 ml; S3 = The concentration of 5 ml sorbitol + pb 10 g + 500 ml distilled water; S4 = 7 ml sorbitol + pb 10 g + 500 ml distilled water; Factor 2 = Storage duration by consisting of: T0 = 0 days; T1 = 3 days; T2 = 6 days; T3 = 9 days; T4 = 12 days; T5 = 15 days. The results of the study were the influence of the use of sorbitol and rice starch as edible coatings on the durability of salak fruit by the use of sorbitol and rice starch on days 1-6 days.

KARAKTER MUTU STRAWBERRY (Fragaria virginiana) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DENGAN PERLAKUAN EDIBLE COATING CAMPURAN SORBITOL DAN PATI SAGU

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of sorbitol and sago starch as edible coating on the quality of strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) during storage and to determine the quality and freshness quality of strawberries after the addition of sorbitol on the patisagu as edible coating during storage. ) Non factorial arranged factorial with 2 factors. Factor I: Comparison of sorbitol, sago starch and distilled water2 = concentration of 0 ml sorbitol (control) + 10 gram sago starch + aqudes 500 ml, S1 = concentorasisitbitol 1 ml + 10 gram sago starch + aqudes 500 ml, S2 = concentration of 3 ml sorbitol + 10 gram sago starch + aqudes 500 ml, S3 = 5 ml sorbitol concentration + 10 gram sago starch + aqudes 500 ml, S4 = 7 ml sorbitol concentration + 10 gram sago starch + 500 ml aqudes starch. Factor II is the length of storage, as long as 5 days. The results showed that the concentration of sorbitol and sago starch as edible coating on strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) quality during storage was not significantly different from weight loss with 1 ml sorbitol concentration at storage (2 days), ie 0.03%. It was also not significantly different from Vitamin C with the concentration of sorbitol 3 ml at storage (5 days), that is, 0.05%. Similarly, the total acid level was not significant with a concentration of 3 ml at storage (4 days), that is, 0.10%. And also the color followed was not significant with the concentration of 5 ml sorbitol at storage (4 days) which was 3.2%.

Xylitol for the prevention of acute otitis media episodes in children aged 2–4 years: protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

IntroductionXylitol (or ‘birch sugar’) is a naturally occurring sugar with antibacterial properties that has been used as a natural non-sugar sweetener in chewing gums, confectionery, toothpaste and medicines. In this...

Possibilities of renoprotection in the syndrome of endogenous intoxication of purulent-septic genesis in the period of development of secondary toxic autoagression

The purpose of the work is to investigate the range of renoprotection, in particular osmotic and volumoregulatory functions, with combined application of sorbitol and L-arginine in patients with endogenous intoxication syndrome of purulent-septic genesis in the period of development of secondary toxic autoagression. Materials and methods. The indices of volumо-, and osmoregulatory functions of the kidneys in three groups of patients were investigated. The first group (control) included 31 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The second group consisted of 27 patients with endogenous intoxication syndrome (EIS) who received standard therapy. The third group consisted of 29 patients with EIS, which on the basis of standard therapy were administered sorbilact. The fourth group included 30 patients with EIS, which on the basis of standard treatment were administered a combination of sorbilact and L-arginine. Infusion of sorbilact for patients of Groups III and IV was carried out at a rate of 6-7 ml/kg bodyweight intravenously at a rate of 7-8 ml/min. After the end of infusion of sorbilact, patients in group IV were infused with 4.2% solution of L-arginine (Tivortin® intravenously according to the instructions). The results of application of the drug in the period of development of secondary toxic autoaggression are presented. Results A decrease in the velocity of glomerular filtration (GFR) was established as 66 ± 2.1 ml/min in patients of group II. The use of sorbitol on the first day of the study in patients with EIS (Group III) increased the GFR and caused increased diuresis. This study establishes that the filtration fraction of sodium and cation excretion increase under the influence of sorbilact. Clearance of osmotically active substances (OAS) in patients with EIS is reduced by 30-35% of the control level (SIRS). Infusion of sorbilact in patients with EIS during the development of early toxic autoaggression while undergoing standard treatment was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in plasma osmolarity, and the filtration fraction of OAS (in relation to the second group). The combined use of sorbilact and L-arginine resulted in statistically significant increases in GFR and sodium clearance. Conclusion. Under conditions of medium-severe EIS, sorbilact corrects the integrity of lost osmotic and volumiregulatory functions of the kidneys, but does not restore them to the control level, in particular the degree of oppression is determined respectively at the level of 37% and 22% (p˂0.05). The combination of sorbilact with L-arginine according to the corresponding indicators of clearance after the first session reduces the deficit of compensating volumuminescence (up to 28%, p˂0.05) and osmoregulatory (up to 15%, p˂0.05) renal functions. The obtained results are the basis for the introduction of the sorbilact-L-arginine complex into the program of intensive therapy for the purpose of renoprotection.

Fabrication and Characterization of Native and Oxidized Potato Starch Biodegradable Films

The need to replace conventional polymers due to environmental pollution caused by them has led to increased production of biodegradable polymers such as starch. Thus, the application possibilities of starch have increased. In this study, we produced and characterized biodegradable films derived from native and oxidized potato starch. The film-forming solution was prepared with different concentrations of extracted starch (native or oxidized) and a plasticizer (glycerol or sorbitol). Then, the mechanical, barrier, morphological, and structural properties of the films were characterized. The moisture content of the films varied from 15.35 ± 1.31 to 21.78 ± 0.49%. The elastic modulus of the films ranged from 219 ± 14.97 to 2299 ± 62.91 MPa. The film of oxidized starch plasticized with sorbitol in the lowest content was the most resistant and flexible; moreover, this film also presented lower water vapor permeability and low solubility in water. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the biodegradable films indicated the presence of same functional groups as those of starch with bands in the same regions. The film thickness was lower for the films plasticized with glycerol whereas the color variation (ΔΈ) was lower for the ones plasticized with sorbitol. In case of both plasticizers, the increase in their content decreased the ΔΈ value. All the biodegradable films presented stability against water absorption owing to their low solubility in water. Morphological evaluation revealed the presence of partially gelatinized starch granules in the films. The roughness parameter (Rq) of the films varied from 3.39 to 10.9 nm, indicating that their surfaces are smooth. X-ray diffraction studies showed a B-type pattern for the starches, which is representative of tubers. Further, the films present higher relative crystallinity (RC) compared to the starches. The biodegradable starch films are uniform, transparent and with low solubility in water. The oxidation of starch and use of sorbitol as a plasticizer resulted in improved properties of the starch films, which is suitable for application.

Mathematical modelling of the osmotic dehydration of physalis

Abstract Physalis was osmotically dehydrated with 60 °Bx sucrose or sorbitol solutions at 60 °C and with a mass ratio of sample to solution of 1:4, at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum at 150 mbar. The Crank’s, Peleg’s and Page’s models were tested to describe the mass transfer kinetics for water loss (WL) and solids gain (SG). The effective diffusivities of both water and solute were around 10-11 m2 s-1 under all conditions. Peleg’s model presented the best fit. The use of sorbitol as the osmotic agent resulted in an increase in the WL rate. In experiments with sucrose solutions, a higher WL was obtained under vacuum than at atmospheric pressure. The SG was particularly low during osmotic dehydration. Thus, the use of sorbitol as the osmotic agent was shown to be a promising alternative to sucrose.