Somatotype Profile Research Articles

Anthropometric Characteristics and Somatotype Profiles of University Athletes in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: This study aimed to determine and compare the anthropometric characteristics and somatotypes of male athletes participating in volleyball, basketball, and soccer at Madonna University, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 male athletes (15 volleyball, 15 basketball, 20 soccer players) aged 18-25 years. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, bone girths, and circumferences, were obtained. Somatotype was estimated using the Heath-Carter method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences between the sports. Results: Basketball players were taller and heavier than the other athletes. Significant differences were found in height (p=0.033), triceps skinfold thickness (p=0.049), and humerus breadth (p=0.013) among the three sports. Volleyball players exhibited the highest endomorphy (4.03 ± 2.09) and mesomorphy (5.16 ± 1.44) scores, while soccer players showed the lowest endomorphy (2.97 ± 0.32) and highest ectomorphy (1.65 ± 0.71) values. The majority of athletes across all three sports were classified as endomorphic mesomorphs. Conclusion: The study provides insights into sport-specific physical characteristics and body compositions among Nigerian collegiate athletes, which may inform talent identification and training strategies. The findings highlight the need for further research to understand the unique attributes of athletes in these sports within the Nigerian context.

Exploring body composition and somatotype profiles among youth professional soccer players

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the body composition and somatotype of professional soccer players, investigating variations across categories and playing positions. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted with 51 male professional soccer players in the U-19 and U-20 categories. Data about sex, age, height, and weight were collected between March and May 2023. Body composition analysis utilized the ISAK protocol for the restricted profile, while somatotype categorization employed the Heath and Carter formula. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics V.26, which involved the application of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests to discern differences in body composition variables and proportionality based on categories and playing positions. The Dunn test further identified specific positions exhibiting significant differences. RESULTS: The study encompassed 51 players, highlighting meaningful differences in body composition. The average body mass in kg was 75.8 (±6.9) for U-20 players and 70.5 (±6.1) for U-19 players. The somatotype values were 2.6-4.6-2.3 for U-20 players and 2.5-4.3-2.8 for U-19 players, with a predominance of muscle mass in all categories, characterizing them as balanced mesomorphs. CONCLUSIONS: Body composition and somatotype findings underscore distinctions in body mass across categories and playing positions, with notably higher body mass and muscle mass predominance in elevated categories. However, the prevailing skeletal muscle development establishes a significant semblance with the recognized somatotype standard for soccer.

Comparing the Anthropometrics, Body Composition, and Strength Performance of Male and Female Italian Breaking Athletes: A Pilot Study.

Breaking is a performative art that has recently undergone a process of sportification, developing into an aesthetic sport included in the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. Despite its growing worldwide popularity, there is a lack of research on Breaking. Accordingly, this pilot study's aim was twofold: (a) to provide an initial understanding of the anthropometric measures, body composition data, somatotype profiles, and strength performance of male (B-boys) and female (B-girls) Italian Breakers divided into elite (international) and sub-elite (national) levels and (b) to guide further research on the area, providing the methodological approach for future investigations. A total of 24 B-boys (elite n = 5; sub-elite n = 19) and 9 B-girls (elite n = 3; sub-elite n = 6) were included in this study. Descriptive analyses revealed that B-boys and B-girls displayed low height and weight (1.70 m (63.8 kg) and 1.58 m (54.2 kg), respectively), low levels of body fat percentages (10.3% and 17.6%, respectively), and a balanced mesomorph somatotype (2.28-4.64-2.69 and 2.34-5.16-2.38, respectively), revealing a marked development of muscular mass. Due to the small sample size, Welch's test and correlation analyses did not report any elite vs. sub-elite difference. It was hypothesized that Breakers' morphological profiles result from the selection procedures and training regimens related to Breaking aesthetic, athletic, and physiological demands.

Anthropometric and Somatotype Profile of Elite Finn Class Sailors.

Determining the reference base of anthropometric parameters on a sample of elite athletes is one of the foundations of further research and forming a clearer picture of each sport and sports discipline. In this study, the aim was to describe the anthropometric and somatotype profiles of elite Finn class sailors and to determine the differences in the measured parameters between sailors at different levels of general competitive success. The subject sample included 57 Finn class sailors who competed at the open Finn European Championship. A set of 25 anthropometric variables were applied. The sailors were divided into three groups according to their level of general competitive success using World Sailing Rankings. Finn sailors had higher average values in almost all morphological characteristics when compared to the sailors in other Olympic classes. Considering the average values of somatotype categories, we determined that Finn sailors fit the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype category (3.94 ± 1.19 - 5.50 ± 1.19 - 1.63 ± 0.74). Significant differences were observed between more-successful, medium, and less-successful sailors in the variables of age, body mass, muscle mass, arm muscle mass, and endomorphy rating. These results indicate the possibility of selection processes and/or adaptation to sailing occurring in the Finn class. The anthropometric characteristics of Finn sailors compared to sailors in Olympic classes further "support" the Finn class being called the "heavy dinghy" male class. This study on anthropometric parameters, determined via a sample of top Finn sailors, may be of great help to coaches and young sailors when deciding on the selection of an adult sailing class.

Dominant Somatotype Development in Relation to Body Composition and Dietary Macronutrient Intake among High-Performance Athletes in Water, Cycling and Combat Sports

Relevant properties of the somatotype as important indicators can be associated with the body composition characteristics as well as both metabolic and bio-mechanical efficiency of athletes in the sport concerned. The primary aim of this single cross-sectional study was to determine the somatotype profiles in association with body composition and nutritional profiles among Lithuanian elite athletes (n = 189) involved in water, cycling and combat sports. The body composition along with the somatotype profiles and the nutritional status of athletes were evaluated using a battery of multiple frequency (5, 50, 250, 550, and 1000 kHz) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and a 3-day food record analysis. In terms of the prediction for athletes to be classified as endomorphs, mesomorphs or ectomorphs, the linear discriminant analysis was conducted to assess the grouping of samples. Both the multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression statistical analyses were performed to explore the associations between the independent and dependent variables. The central tendency values for the somatotype components of endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy in athletes playing water, cycling and combat sports were 4.3–4.9–3.4, 4.3–4.8–3.4 and 4.5–5.5–2.9, respectively. The central mesomorph somatotype with a trend towards endomorphy was dominant and varied according to a high muscle-to-fat ratio in elite athletes. Significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive associations between both endomorphy and mesomorphy values and higher body fat percentage as well as lower and upper limb muscle mass were identified. The lower levels of trunk muscle mass were related to athletes’ endomorphy and mesomorphy, too. Furthermore, in the athletes’ sample under analysis, high-level mesomorphs were prone to consume low-carbohydrate (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2; 0.9) and high-protein diets (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1; 5.5). Contrastingly, the elite athletes with a higher expression of endomorphy were on high-carbohydrate (AOR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1; 8.3) and high-fat diets (AOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.5; 7.1) along with insufficient protein diet (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1; 0.9). Finally, whilst nutrition goals as a mediator can play a significant role in undergoing the maintenance of balance between the optimal body composition for athletic performance and the development of an ecto-mesomorphic somatotype, the elite athletes with higher levels of endomorphy value should be aware of lowering the body fat percentage coupled with dietary fat reduction and higher protein intakes. The findings obtained from the study may serve as an antecedent for a more targeted management of the elite athletes’ training process. Somatotyping as an additional assessment method can be successfully deployed in choosing correct coaching techniques, contributing to talent recognition processes or identifying reference morphometric parameters in elite athletes competing in water, cycling and combat sports.

Assessing the Somatotype Profile of Gorkha Soccer Players

Many factors influence the Somatotype of the human body. In addition to genetics, there are also environmental factors and cultural differences. This study aimed to find out the somatotype Profile of Gorkha soccer players based on their playing position and also to determine which anthropometric type is the most distinctive. The study sample consisted of 30 National-level Soccer players from different academies or clubs who participated in the National Level Championships Tournament will be selected purposively as subjects and aged 18-25 years, including Striker (N=10), Midfielder (N=10) and Defender (N=10). Heath and Carter’s (1990) equations for decimal anthropometry (ISAK) measurements were used. Body density percentage was calculated according to the equation of Durnin and Womersley (1974). Then, the amount of body fat was determined using the Siri (1956) equation. The results indicated that most of the players showed a body type that was ectomorphic mesomorph, which is the most important component in all positions. Therefore, the study concluded that a body type with a strong ectomorph and slight mesomorph advantage would benefit soccer players at the elite level.

Trends in anthropometric and somatotype profiles of Brazilian female futsal players: a 20 year study.

This study describes the anthropometric measurements and somatotype of the elite female futsal players from Brazil in 2021 and analyse the changes and trends over time in these physical characteristics. Data were collected from the 396 female futsal players, of whom; 169 players were assessed in 2021 then compared to those assessed in 2001 (n=112) and 2011 (n-115). Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, breadths, girths, and skinfolds were assessed. The somatotype was calculated and graphically represented. The changes between 2021 and the previous years were analysed using ANOVA and multiple linear regression. A jointpoint regression was performed to verify the annual percentage change. The comparison between 2021 data versus the other time points showed a higher age and lower fat content (2001: 22.7 ± 5.1 BF%; 2011: 22.2 ± 5.2 BF%; 2021: 19.0 ± 5.1 BF%). Players from 2021 had higher tensed arm and relaxed calf girths. All the positions, excluding pivots, significantly decreased their body fat units between 2021 and 2001 (goalkeeper: b=-4.49; defender: b=-2.78; winger: b=-4.48). Over the last 20 years, body fat reduced, and tensed arm and relaxed calf girths increased, suggesting an increase in fat-free mass content from the limbs.

Evaluation of the effects of somatotype profiles on pain, proprioception, isokinetic muscle strength and kinesiophobia in patients with meniscopathy.

Somatotype causes differentiation of physical, physiological and biochemical metabolisms in the body. To what extent meniscopathy (M) is affected by somatotype profiles has been an issue of concern. The aim of the study was to investigate whether somatotype profiles have an effect on kinesiophobia, pain, proprioception and isokinetic muscle strength in patients with an M diagnosis. 172 (85 female, 87 male) M patients between the ages of 18 and 65 were included in the study. The Heath-Carter method was used to determine somatotype components. Biodex Isokinetic system at 120∘/sec angular speed was used for muscle strength measurements, a digital inclinometer with goniometer was used for proprioception measurement, the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) was used for the assessment of kinesiophobia, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) fatigue scale was used for the assessment of fatigue and pain, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment. Five somatotype profiles were found. When the right-left knee proprioception values were compared according to the somatotype profiles of patients, a significant difference was found in favor of balanced ectomorph at 15∘ and 30∘. No significant difference was found when TKS, FACIT, VAS values were compared in terms of somatotype profiles; while no significant difference was found in TKS, FACIT, VAS (REST-NIGHT) in terms of gender, a significant difference was found in VAS MOVE. Endomorph somatotype was dominant in the M patients. Individuals with M disease showed significant differences in terms of endomorph components. Obesity may also be one of the negative findings for M disease. Somatotype classification may represent a suitable tool for monitoring M.

Examination of the Effect of Somatotype Profiles on Athletic Performance Indicators in Children Aged 48-72 Months.

Physical fitness and anthropometric variables are crucial in achieving success in the field of sports. These variables serve as the foundation and platform for children to showcase their athletic abilities. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of somatotype profiles of children aged 48-72 months on athletic performance in order to contribute to talent selection. A total of 124 students (62 females, 62 males), aged between 48 and 72 months (mean age of females: 5.75±1.00, mean age of males: 5.68±1.15), participated in the study. Somatotype analysis was performed using the Heath-Carter method. Performance measurements of students included a 20-meter sprint test, flexibility, leg strength, push-up tests, crunches, vertical jump, standing long jump, hand strength, back strength, and hamstring length determination tests. In this study, there was a significant difference in favor of mesomorphic endomorph in crunches (F=3.914, p=0.013) and push-up (F=4.864, p=0.004) exercises for female children compared to all somatotypes. In male children, although the central group was dominant in athletic performance measurements, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Somatotype is a suitable method for enhancing athletic performance and directing individuals to the appropriate sports discipline. Somatotype profiles are not fully developed in children aged 48-72 months. In the later years, children with suitable somatotypes are expected to demonstrate improved athletic performance.

The Effect of Environmental Disasters on Endocrine Status, Hematology Parameters, Body Composition, and Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Case Study of the Aral Sea Region.

The Aral Sea region (Uzbekistan) is infamous because of the ecological disaster characterized by the disappearance of the Aral Sea due to excessive uncontrolled water intake for agriculture needs. A new desert occurrence, soil and climate aridization led to pesticide and toxic metals environment pollution. The impact of environmental conditions in some areas of Uzbekistan on the health of soccer players is not as noticeable as, for example, the effectiveness of training, so it is not widely discussed in scientific papers. The aim of the present study was to study the features of endocrine status, hematology parameters (e.g., red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb)), and their influence on body composition and physical fitness performance in local young soccer players of the Aral Sea region as the territory of ecological disaster. The study involved 60 male soccer players aged from 18 to 22 years. Participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG), which consisted of 30 soccer players living on the territory of the Aral ecological disaster region, and the control group (CG), which included 30 soccer players, natives of the ecologically favorable region of Uzbekistan. All volunteers had anthropometric measurements, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), cortisol (C), RBC, and Hb count. Moreover, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1) and professional skills tests such as dribbling shuttle test (DSt) and goal accuracy test (GAt) were assessed. When comparing the CG group to the EG group, it was observed that the EG group exhibited statistically significantly reduced levels of TT and E2 (p < 0.05). No significant statistical difference was observed between the two groups in terms of IGF-1 and C (p > 0.05). Regarding hematological parameters, Hb, Ht, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were found to be significantly lower in the EG compared with the CG (p < 0.05). Moreover, the distance covered in the YYIR1 test was found to be significantly lower in soccer players within the EG compared with the CG (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of DSt and GAt values (p > 0.05). Lastly, significant differences were observed between the EG and CG in terms of anthropometric characteristics (diameters, skinfold, and somatotype profile) (p < 0.05). The present study showed that the changes in evaluated characteristics might result from the complex influence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the content of which is high in the environment of the Aral Sea region. The results obtained may help monitor the health of athletes living in an environmentally unfriendly environment.

Analysis of somatotype profile of Tarung Derajat arts: A comprative study between movement and combat arts categories

Study Purpose. Somatotype is a parameter used to determine criteria based on body type. However, not many have done somatotype measurements in selecting prospective athletes. This study aims to analyze the somatotype of athletes in the Tarung Derajat martial arts sport Material and Methods. This research uses descriptive research methods with survey research types and quantitative approaches, namely an anthropometric measurement test to identify the type of human body. Anthropometric measurement test is carried out by measuring bone width, body circumference, body fat thickness, weight and height. Perposive sampling technique was used in determining the sample. In this study, there were 30 Tarung Derajat martial arts athletes consisting of 15 categories of motion art and 15 categories of fighting that were sampled. Results. The results of the study show that the central body type in athletes in the arts of motion with a percentage of 13% and 40% in combat athletes. Furthermore, the endomorph body type is 13% for motion art athletes and combat athletes with a percentage of 7%. For the endomorph-mesomorph body type as much as movement arts with a percentage of 67% and combat athletes by 47%, while for the Mesomorph, Mesomorph-Ectomorph body type there are no athletes and athletes in the arts of motion and fighting have an ectomorph endomorph body type with a percentage of 7%. The results of the study prove that in athletes in the movement arts category and fighters there are similarities in the body type they have which tend to have endomorph-mesomorph. Conclusions.The conclusion is that the dominant body type in Tarung Derajat athletes shows an endomorph-mesomorph tendency with a percentage value of 67% in the movement arts category and 47% in the fighter category. The data of this study provide the characteristics of fighting somatotypes, which can be used to establish references for systematic research in sports health sciences. The results of this study are expected to influence coaching for training concentration, with more emphasis on somatotype.

Somatotype Profiles of Montenegrin Karatekas: An Observational Study.

Competitive karate activity involves numerous factors affecting performance in sport. Physical structure and somatotype is considered to be one of them. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences between karate athletes in five male and five female official weight categories in different anthropometric measurements and to determine the somatotype profiles of athletes divided by weight categories. This study consisted of a total of 27 male karate athletes (21.88 ± 4.66 years) and 24 female karate athletes (20.29 ± 3.14 years). Measurements were taken in April 2020. Athletes are classified into official weight categories according to World Karate Federation rules. Somatotypes were calculated using anthropometry. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis to compare group differences regarding weight categories. Anthropometric parameters were highest in the heaviest categories compared to lighter categories. All male subjects were endomorphic mesomorph, except for category <84 kg, which was endomorphic ectomorphs. Somatotype analysis of male categories found a difference between the <75 kg and <84 kg in endomorphy. In mesomorphy, there is no difference between categories. Perceiving ectomorphy, there is a significant difference between the first category and the >84 kg. Profiling female athletes, three different types of somatotypes were obtained concerning the weight category. The lightest weight category was predominantly endomorphic ectomorphs, and two weight categories were ectomorphic endomorphs (<61 kg and <68 kg), and the other two weight categories were endomorphic mesomorphs (<55 kg and >68 kg). Somatotype differences in the female karate athletes were observed only in the ectomorphy components, between <50 kg and <61 kg. The present study points to how the somatotypes profiles of karate athletes differ between weight categories.

Somatotype profile of the state level cricketers of Tripura

Somatotype profile of the state level cricketers of Tripura

Comparison of somatotype profiles and dietary intake of football athletes in different playing levels in Indonesia

Background: Anthropometry characteristic was significantly correlated with nutrition status, and both factors significantly contributed to athletes' sports performance. Somatotype as one of the anthropometric values can be used as screening or “diagnosis” in selecting new talents. The changes in athletes’ body composition by inadequate dietary intake and over-consumption relate to the performance quality of athletes. Objective: The study aimed to compare football athletes' somatotype profiles and dietary intake in different playing levels in Indonesia. Methods: A total of 112 adolescent football athletes in 4 playing levels; elite national team (ENT), advanced senior team (AST), advanced junior team (AJT), and amateur college athletes (ACT), performed somatotype measurement and dietary intake assessments using 3x24-h food recall. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to illustrate the difference among ENT, AST, AJT, and ACT groups, while a post-hoc test was used to verify pairwise comparison. Results: All groups showed a significant difference in somatotype profiles and dietary intake. The somatotype profile of ENT group, categorized as balanced mesomorph (2.5-5.2-2.2), was the closest to the ideal profile of elite football athletes and was the most mesomorph among other groups. The somatotype of the AST group was the least mesomorph (1.5-3.2-3.0). Adequate energy intake was found only in the ENT group, whereas inadequate (&lt;80%) in other groups. None of the groups consume an adequate amount of carbohydrates. The lowest dietary intake was found in the lowest playing level group, ACT. The somatotype profile and dietary intake of the ENT group were the most optimum compared to other groups, although the excess intake of fat should be noticed. Conclusions: The somatotype profile of elite athletes in the ENT group was the closest to the ideal somatotype of elite football athletes in high-level competition. Dietary intake in the ENT group was also the most adequate, although the excess fat intake should be noticed.

Characterization of Reproductive and Morphological Variables in Female Elite Futsal Players.

We aimed to characterize the age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and performance perception during the menstrual cycle and examined the impact of these reproductive variables on body composition, morphology, and body weight satisfaction in Brazilian elite futsal players. The study consisted of 115 female Brazilian elite futsal players from the top national teams. Data were collected during the twentieth Women’s Brazil Futsal Cup. Players were interviewed and self-reported their age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and the menstrual period, where they performed best. We also asked for what they considered to be their ideal body weight as well as information related to their training (i.e., volume and frequency). Subsequently, anthropometric measurements (i.e., body mass, height, circumferences, diameters, and skinfold thickness) were performed to estimate the body composition and determine morphological characteristics (e.g., somatotype). Fifty-nine (53.2%) players were postmenarche-trained and 52 (46.8%) were premenarche-trained. Eighteen (16.2%), 65 (58.6%), and 28 (25.2%) were classified as early, normal, and late menarche, respectively. Only 11 (9.6%) and 1 (0.9%) had irregular menstrual cycles and were amenorrheic, respectively. Seventy-three (69.5%), 23 (21.9%), and 9 (8.6%) reported that their game performance was the best at the follicular phase, menses, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. No associations between the four reproductive-related variables were found. Postmenarche-trained players had significant lower age at menarche and higher percentage body fat. The somatotype profile registered lower ectomorphy rate for the postmenarche-trained participants after controlling for covariates. Early menarche group presented higher sum of six skinfold thickness and endomorphy rate compared to normal and late menarche groups. No differences were found when menstrual periodicity groups and best performance groups were compared, except for higher femur width in the regular menstrual cycle group compared to the irregular one. The association between body weight satisfaction and the four reproductive-related variables were not observed. Premenarche-trained Brazilian elite futsal players had the menarche later than the postmenarche-trained athletes. Most of the participants had menarche age classified as “normal,” presented “regular” menstrual cycles and perceived to perform better during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

SOMATOTYPE ANALYSIS BY AGE CATEGORIES IN SPANISH FEMALE ACROBATIC GYMNASTS

Somatotype is one of the variables seen as the key to success in sports and talent detection at different ages. This is confirmed by evidence in some gymnastic disciplines in different age categories, but no study has been conducted for Acrobatic Gymnastics. The objective is to establish the characteristic somatotype profile in Acrobatic Gymnastics for each age group, determining whether there are differences among them and between the roles in each one. The sample was made up of 54 female tops (X= 11.23 years; 29.62 Kg) and 75 female bases (X= 14.46 years; 50.48 Kg). The somatotype was calculated using the Heath-Carter method to determine the mesomorphy, endomorphy, and ectomorphy of each group. The statistical analysis carried out consisted of a descriptive and comparative analysis based on the component in particular and the mean somatotype dispersion in general. The results showed that mesomorphy was the most important component in all categories and roles. They indicated different somatotype classifications in each group, but the importance of ectomorphy in tops and endomorphy in bases should also be pointed out. Significant differences were obtained in mesomorphy (tops: p = .012; bases p = .026) and ectomorphy in both roles (tops p = .036; bases p = .001). Despite finding significant differences among certain categories, this did not follow a linear, chronological development. Therefore, one cannot conclude that the somatotype evolved with age, since this may be due to sports specialization. However, it was confirmed that mesomorphy, as in other gymnastics disciplines, is the predominant component in all categories and roles.

APPROBATING METHODOLOGY FOR REDUCTION OF BODY FAT WITH CRYOLIPOLYSIS AND CAVITATION

The aim of this study is to develop and approbation methods and algorithms for reducing body fat. Material/Methods: In the research, participants were aged 35-45 years with obesity. Anthropometric parameters were analyzed with an impedance analyzer for bodyweight parameters, a somatotype profile, by the methodology Heath-Carter. Measurements were made before and after 60 days of the apparatus physiotherapy including cryolipolysis and cavitation. Twice a week a cardio training was performed Results: The somatotype of the contingent is Mesomorphic - endomorphic endomorphism is highest (6.63), and mesomorphic (6.36) is higher than ectomorph (1.08). In the second study, the data showed a decrease in the endomorphic index (6,18), having almost equalized values with the mesomorph (6,15), while at the same time the greatest movement was observed in the ectomorphic index, which increased with nearly 30% to 1.38. The research contingent has positively influenced the procedures and its propensity for weight loss has increased. However, the somatotype profile remains a mesomorph-endomorph. From the data on the quality of the body composition, only the BMI (kg/m2), VFA (cm2) and MBF (kg) parameters have statistically significant decreases. The measured parameters before and after the applied procedures, with no statistically reliable changes P-value &lt;0.05 level (Wilcoxon, t-test) observed only in the circumference of the hips. A statistically significant decrease of the results is found in the circumferences of both thighs at the measured heights P-value &lt;0.0 001 level (Wilcoxon, t-test). Conclusion: The approbation methodology for reducing body fat has a positive effect on the contingents and leads to the modeling of the body.

Somatotype Profiles of Male and Female Montenegrin Judokas

Somatotype Profiles of Male and Female Montenegrin Judokas

Body Composition And Somatotype By Sex In Candidates That Apply To Dance And Theater University Degrees.

PURPOSE: To determine and to compare the body composition and somatotype profiles with anthropometric methods by sex in Mexican candidates that apply to dance and theater university degrees at the University of Guadalajara. METHODS: 264 (95 males, 169 females) Mexican candidates that applied to dance and theater university degrees were evaluated anthropometrically by certified staff by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). A complete profile anthropometric evaluation according to ISAK methodology was performed for each subject. We estimated body composition by four compartments according to Kerr equations (adipose, muscle, bone, and visceral tissues), and Somatotype was determined by the Heath and Carter method (decimal equations). The sample was divided by sex. Body composition values (adipose tissue, muscle, bone) and the somatotype components were expressed as mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum. T-test for independent samples was performed to compare variables by sex. RESULTS: Subject’s age, weight, height, and body mass index were: 19 ± 3 and 19 ± 2 years, 67 ± 13 and 57 ± 12 kg; 172 ± 8 and 160 ± 6 cm; and 22 ± 4 and 22 ± 4 kg/m2, for males and females, respectively. There were significant differences in all three compartments between males and females (percentage and mass). In the case of somatotype, we found that values of Endomorphy were lower and values of Ectomorphy were higher in males than females. Values of Mesomorphy were similar among sex. The mean value for males was Central (4-4-3), while in females was Mesomorphic Endomorph (5-4-2). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that body composition, as well as somatotype, differs by sex. However, the sample was not divided by performing art (dance and theater), being able to find either similarities or differences with the existing literature.Table 1: Body composition and somatotype profile of the evaluated subjects

Somatotype profiles of Slovak and Saudi Arabian male soccer players according to playing positions

Somatotype of the human body is influenced by many factors. In addition to genetic, there are also environmental factors and cultural differences. The aim of this study was to compare the morphological configuration of men’s body of Slovak and Saudi Arabian soccer players and find out the differences between soccer players in different the playing positions . The study sample consisted of 50 Slovak soccer players aged 19-26 years (21.28±1.46), including 18 defenders, 13 forwards, six goalkeepers, and 13 midfielders, and 50 Saudi Arabian soccer players aged 18-25 years (20.12±1.77), including 16 defenders, 20 forwards, four goalkeepers, and 10 midfielders. The used Heath-Carter method categorize people into 13 groups according to the predominant physical component. The results indicated that soccer players differed among themselves according to playing positions. Slovak defenders and forwards were balanced mesomorphs, Slovak goalkeepers were endomorphic mesomorphs and central type was the predominant in Slovak midfielders. Almost all Saudi Arabian soccer players were predominantly mesomorph-endomorphs, with the exception of the defenders who were endomorphic mesomorphs. On average, the predominant somatotype of Slovak soccer players was balanced mesomorph (2-8,4-1,2-4), and of Saudi Arabian soccer players mesomorph-endomorph (3-8,4-3,1-4). It seems that the somatotype of soccer players varies depending on the country as well as the playing position. Therefore, it is necessary to examine anthropometry also with regard to geographical and cultural differences. In addition, regular evaluation of soccer player’s somatotype can help coaches implement exercise elements that would probably increase players’ sports performance.