Among the many different definitions of the fractional derivative, the Riemann–Liouville and Gerasimov–Caputo derivatives are most commonly used. In this paper, we consider the equations with the Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan fractional derivative, which generalizes the Riemann–Liouville and the Gerasimov–Caputo derivatives; it is transformed into such derivatives for two sets of parameters that are, in a certain sense, symmetric. The issues of the unique solvability of initial value problems for some classes of linear inhomogeneous equations of general form with the fractional Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan derivative in Banach spaces are investigated. An inhomogeneous equation containing a bounded operator at the fractional derivative is considered, and the solution is presented using the Mittag–Leffler functions. The result obtained made it possible to study the initial value problems for a linear inhomogeneous equation with a degenerate operator at the fractional Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan derivative in the case of relative p-boundedness of the operator pair from the equation. Abstract results were used to study a class of initial boundary value problems for equations with the time-fractional Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan derivative and with polynomials in a self-adjoint elliptic differential operator with respect to spatial variables.