Finding Solutions Research Articles

The Issue of Agiotage at Ottoman Finance (1880 – 1916) Some Evaluations Concerning Its Essence, the Problems It Caused and Solutions Found

Bu makale, 1880 – 1916 yılları arasında akçe farkı meselesinin mâlî sistemde yol açtığı sorunları ve bunları çözmek için devletin giriştiği uygulamaları tahlil etmek amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Dünya piyasalarında gümüş fiyatlarının 1870’li yıllardan itibaren düşmeye başlamasıyla, çift metalli düzene sahip Osmanlı para sistemi büyük sıkıntı yaşamaya başlamıştır. Bu sıkıntıları halletmek için 1880 yılında yürürlüğe konulan kararnâme ise Osmanlı hazinesinin pek çok problemle karşı karşıya kalmasına, akçe farkı meselesinin mâlî sistem için büyük bir sorun kaynağına dönüşmesine yol açmıştır. Devletin aldığı tedbirler, akçe farkının yol açtığı sorunlara karşı uzunca bir süre etkili olamamıştır. Nihayet 1916 Tevhid-i Meskûkât Kanunu yaşanan sorunu belirli ölçüde çözüme kavuşturmuştur.

Study For Water Shutoff Using Tandem Through Tubing Bridge Plugs Technique, Case Study

Increasing water production rate is from one of the well knownmain problems that face any oil producer in the world. Although this problem is most happen in old wells, this can also happen in new drilled wells as well. It causes differenteconomic problems for oil produced companies. First, increasing water production affectsproduced wells performance and reduced their production lifetime. The high percentage of the water in the wellbore increasing the hydrostatic pressure (weight of the fluid column) which cause increasing in the lifting power required. which increasingoil and gas production cost per barrel and causing toreduce the drawdown. As an example, if the well is gas lift well, the quantity of gas needs to be injected for lifting the fluid from the wellbore to the surface is increasing with the production of heigh water cut than without producing water. Increasing water cut percentage and Water production also increases the possibility of corrosion, scale and has negative effect on the field equipment starting from the wellbore itself to the surface facilities. Also another serious and important problem is increasing produced water separating cost, treatment, and disposal is a great challenge to oil producers budgets. It costs almost $1.1 billion/year in averageforseparation and disposal of the produced water. Found solution for that type of production help in minimizingcost for the operators and increasing the yearly profit of their operations. Then, water shutoff jobs and operations are very essential. Finally, bythe good understandingfor the formation characterizations and otherfield problems of the field, we can avoid un-necessary water production during the wellbore designing stage.Through tubing bridge plugs (TTBPs) as one of water shut-off (WSO) workovers in the Belayim Fields resulted in average gradualproduction increasing of 2450 bopd.The Average water cut percentage (WC) reduced from 54% to 15%. 87WSOworkoversjobs done since December 1991. Technical evaluation and economical income successful evaluation approaches 90%. Just below 4.5 million dollars companies spent for an average cost of 60,500 dollars per job. Costs spent in less than two days equal to using income from a13 dollars per barrel from crude oil price. Depend on achieved results during the last 4.5 years, these WSO (water shut off)workoversdone in Belyim Field as an effective and on-going cases history for running and set zone water production control. Water production probleminBelayim Field gradually increasing during the last 10 years.Which result indropping inoil production rates.Depend on the reservoir characteristics; lower water zone isolated using through tubing bridge plugs (TTBPs)usingSchlumberegerelectric line units. Dump bailer tools used to put a 14 feet cement cap above the TTBPs to have means of a permanent pressure seal. After 24-hourswaiting on cement time, wells returned back to production with a great change and higher oil rate and very good reduction in Water Cut. Rigless cost for TTBP water shut off workover becomes much less than conventional rig water shut offoperations which result in averaged more than 450,000 dollars per job. Before December 1990,conventional rig operationsWSOwasonly the method used in Belayim Field. now, riglessWSOworkovers becomesa very important for reducing cost or to control cost with financial language.Rigless WSOoperations becomes alsovery important reservoir control tool forincreasing oil production and reducing water production which helps to save reservoir energy.

Povezanost programskog sadržaja sa kompoziciono-tehničkim rešenjima u klavirskim komadima Modesta Musorgskog

Povezanost programskog sadržaja sa kompoziciono-tehničkim rešenjima u klavirskim komadima Modesta Musorgskog

Organizing Logistical Support for Troops (Forces) in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation: Problematic Issues Revealed and Solutions Found

Organizing Logistical Support for Troops (Forces) in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation: Problematic Issues Revealed and Solutions Found

Optimal replenishment schedule and pricing policy for hybrid retailers with continuously decaying demand in time and price

This study deals with the problem of jointly predetermining optimal replenishment schedule and selling prices toward hybrid retailers who sell products via in-stores and estores concurrently, where deteriorating item is considered with two declining demands in time and price. Under the circumstances, strict concavity of the proposed problem in selling prices is fi rst proven, and closed-form solutions for selling prices are thereby obtained. Next, when selling prices are fi xed, not only the strict pseudo-concavity in replenishment interval is shown, but also the optimal schedule uniquely exists if the criterion inequality holds, which is also a premise for positive profi t generation. Afterwards, three solution-fi nding sequences are defi ned, to which the convergent property is identifi ed, by which a simple algorithm for optimal solutions is presented. Finally, numerical examples are conducted to illustrate the proposed problems.

Economic Tough Times: Solutions Found in the Medical Education Continuum

This is a challenging time for all. The country's economic status is dire, and no one remains untouched. Health care education dollars were already tight. With hospitals and medical schools dealing with massive economic losses, funds for education are disappearing rapidly. Now, more than ever, medical educators need to look at how we spend these funds. Roberts and DeWitt,1 at a recent workshop, suggested that we can increase the size of the medical education “pie” by pooling resources and capitalizing on the synergy that comes from sharing human resources.

The Fifth Column: A Minor(ity) Fantasy in Political Operations Research

Operations research is often regarded by many of those who might be our customers as an intimidatingly quantita tive approach to problem solving. It is good to return to our discipline's roots and note that Morse and Kimball [1951, pp. 1], said: First of all it is a scientific method. It is an organized activity with a more or less defined methodology of at tacking new problems and finding solu tions. I believe that the above polite re minder of the work of Descartes [1968] helps us to broaden the bounds of our discipline. The following story is presented as an example. The Situation Once upon a time there was a nameless Colorado city that had a firehouse that was apparently approaching the end of its useful life. The firehouse was certainly one of the oldest in the state, but the advanc ing years were causing some problems. It had been observed that whenever a truck rolled out of this firehouse that the build

College Now Program: Successful Transition for Moderate Achievers

Collaborative programs between high schools and colleges are not new to the educational scene. They've been tried in America for the last one hundred years, with Robert M. Hutchins' idea of early admissions and advanced placement (AP), pioneered at the University of Chicago in 1936, as the most notable. Last year more than two hundred thousand students in 31 percent of our nation's high schools participated in the AP program (Roth man 1986). What is new about collaboratives, ac cording to a survey of 260 institutions by Janet Lieberman (1985) of LaGuardia Community College, is their prolifera tion in the last decade. Schools and col leges are joining together to find solu tions to four key problems plaguing educators at both levels: improving student performance; increasing reten tion; encouraging students, especially the culturally and economically disad vantaged, to pursue postsecondary educational opportunities; and pre venting faculty burn-out (Boyer 1986, Perlez 1986, Sim 1986b, Smothers 1986, Sirotnik, 1988). In 1984, Kingsborough Community College, a branch of the City Univer

Update: Guidelines for Effective Facilitation of Creative Problem Solving

The first article in this series provided an overview of the concepts and processes of CPS (Creative Problem Solving) with a detailed discussion of the logistics of a CPS session (resources, materials, setup, and facilitation techniques). Each of the six phases of CPS — Mess-Finding (MF), Data-Finding (DF), Problem-Finding (PF), Idea-Finding (IF), Solution-Finding (SF), and Acceptance-Finding (AF) — involves a divergent (creative thought) phase, which focuses on generating new ideas and possibilities, and a convergent (critical thought) phase, which selects, synthesizes, and refines ideas.