Solution Of Alizarin Research Articles

Development of the spectrophotometric method for the determination of meldonium in capsules by using alizarine

The aim of the work was to develop a simple, rapid, economic spectrophotometric method for the determination of meldonium in capsules based on the reaction with alizarin.
 Materials and methods. Analytical equipment: double-beam UV-visible spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV 1800 (Japan), a pair of 1 cm matched quartz cells, software UV-Probe 2.62, laboratory electronic balance RAD WAG AS 200/C, pH-meter И-160МИ. Pharmacopoeial standard sample (CRS) of meldonium dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, (≥ 98 %, HPLC)), alizarin (Synbias), capsules Metamax (Darnytsia) 250 mg, Vasopro (Farmak) 500 mg, Mildronate (Grindex) 500 mg, dimethylformamide (“Honeywell Riedel-de Haen”).
 Results and discussion. A spectrophotometric method for determining meldonium in capsules by reaction with alizarine has been developed. The absorption maximum of the formed complex in dimethylformamide was at a wavelength of 517 nm. Stoichiometric ratios of reactive components «meldonium- alizarin» were 1:1. Validation of the developed analytical method for the determination of meldonium in medicines was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the SPhU. The optimal conditions for performing the quantitative determination of meldonium have been established: concentration of alizarin solution – 0.8 %, volume 0.8 % alizarin solution – 0.5 ml, heating time – 20 min, temperature – 95+/- 2 °C. Linearity has been in the concentration range of 0.0402- 0.1073 mg/mL, the limit of detection - 2.84 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification – 8.59 μg/mL. The eco-friendliness of the developed analytical method was carried out using the analytical eco-scale, AGREE, and GAPI methods.
 Conclusions. The developed method can be used as an arbitration method for the routine analysis of meldonium capsules

HPLC with Post-Column Derivatization with Alizarin for Determination of OATD-02, an Anticancer Arginase Inhibitor in Clinical Development

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for selective determination of OATD-02 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection (FLD). OATD-02, a new boronic acid derivative, is a highly potent anticancer arginase inhibitor in clinical development. Chromatographic analysis of OATD-02 poses problems because this molecule has weak ultraviolet absorption. The derivatization reaction was based on the reaction between boronic acid from OATD-02 and alizarin solution. The optimized mobile phase consisted of a mixture of sodium bicarbonate in water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min. Alizarin solution in methanol was delivered at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min. The fluorescent complexes were detected by a fluorescence detector (excitation and emission wavelengths at 470 and 580 nm, respectively). The present method demonstrated proper values for selectivity, linearity, recovery (>99%), precision (RSD: 0.6%), sensitivity (LOD: 20 µg/mL and LOQ: 50 µg/mL), stability of solutions, and robustness.

Amine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Alizarin Extraction from Aqueous Media

Alizarin dye is toxic and has a negative influence on human life and the environment. Consequently, the scientific community faces a difficult issue in developing efficient approaches for removing alizarin from water streams. Six distinct deep eutectic solvents (DESs) containing different hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs), namely trioctylphosphine, trioctylamine and trihexylamine, and two hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), namely salicylic acid and malonic acid, were used to rapidly remove alizarin from high concentration solutions up to 2000 mg/L at room temperature using the liquid–liquid micro-extraction method (LLE). DES-3 had the highest extraction efficiency for alizarin among the other synthesized DESs. The effect of process variables such pH, contact time, dye initial concentration, volume ratio, temperature and salt on alizarin extraction efficiency from water stream was explored, optimized and reported. Statistical analysis was conducted to ensure the accuracy of values for the optimized parameters. For a 1000 mg/L solution of alizarin with a DES/alizarin volume ratio of 1:10 at room temperature, the maximum elimination of 98.02 percent was achieved in 5 min. FTIR was used to analyze the structural properties of DES and the interaction between DES and alizarin. The thermal stability of DES-3 was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and indicated that DES-3 has excellent thermal stability up to 320 °C. Human saline was used to test the toxicity of the synthesized DES in vitro. It was determined that synthesized DES is less harmful and more effective at removing alizarin.

Experimental and theoretical study of the mechanism formation of silver nanoclusters in the reduction reaction of Ag+ ions by alizarin solution

For the study of the processes of the Ag+ ions interaction with humic substances a low molecular weight model compound – alizarin – was used for the first time in the present work. It has been established that alizarin carries out a double role in the process of synthesis of silver nanoparticles: reducing agent of Ag+ ions and a stabilizer of the formed nanoparticles. Based on the analysis of experimental data a mechanism of silver nanoparticles formation was proposed. In particular, at the moment of mixing of the reagents, a microphase Ag2O is formed and becomes a source of silver ions in solution. Alizarin molecules form a complex with silver ions, which provide the centres of primary clusters formation. The growth of primary clusters occurs through the reduction of Ag+ ions from the solution. Organic component of the complex undergoes oxidative hydroxylation by the Elbs reaction type.

Uji Efek Teratogenik dari Yoghurt Terhadap Fetus Mencit Putih (Mus musculus)

Yoghurt merupakan salah satu olahan susu yang dibuat dengan fermentasi asam laktat yaitu bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji efek teratogen dari yoghurt terhadap fetus mencit putih betina (Mus musculus). Induk mencit putih betina sebanyak 20 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok kontrol, D1, D2, dan D3 berturut-turut yaitu 0,52 gram, 1,04 gram, dan 2,08 gram yoghurt. Data hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan ANOVA Satu Arah dan uji wilayah berganda Duncan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian yoghurt selama kehamilan dapat mempengaruhi berat badan induk mencit (P < 0,05). Pemberian yoghurt selama kehamilan tidak mempengaruhi jumlah fetus, dan berat badan fetus secara bermakna (P > 0,05). Pengamatan dengan larutan Alizarin tidak ditemukan cacat skeletal setelah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Pengamatan dengan larutan Bouin’s ditemukan cacat visceralcleft palate fetus mencit pada kelompok yoghurt D3. Dapat disimpulkan yoghurt aman dikonsumsi pada kelompok D1 dan D2. Yoghurt berpotensi menyebabkan teratogen pada beberapa fetus pada kelompok D3

Evaluation of Propolis and Milk Administration on Caffein-Induced Mus musculus Fetus Skeletal

Caffeine consumption by pregnant women at doses above 300 mg/ day cause skeletal damage. One solution to protect skeletal damage is propolis, propolis contains flavonoids, which could increase the number of osteoblasts. To compare the results obtained, used dairy sources of calcium and phosphorus which is very good for bone growth. In this research, testing to see the effect of propolis and milk on fetal skeletal female white mice (Mus musculus) induced by caffeine. Parent mice were divided into 6 groups. The negative control group, positive control group of caffeine (a dose of 75 mg/ kg weight ), a positive control group of propolis (a dose of 1400 mg/ kg weight ), a positive control group of milk (200 ml), D1 group (caffeine 75 mg / kg weight and propolis 1400 mg/ kg weight ) and group D2 (caffeine 75 mg/ kg weight and milk 200 ml). Data were processed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that administration of propolis and milk induced caffeine during pregnancy does not affect the parent body weight of mice, the number of fetuses and fetal weight was significantly (P> 0.05). Observations with Alizarin solution for groups D1 and D2 are not found skeletal defects as compared to the negative control group. It can be concluded that the provision of propolis dose of 1400 mg / kg and 200 ml of milk can repair skeletal damage caused by caffeine dose of 75 mg/ kg weight . The results showed that administration of propolis and milk induced caffeine during pregnancy does not affect the parent body weight of mice, the number of fetuses and fetal weight was significantly (P> 0.05). Observations with Alizarin solution for groups D1 and D2 are not found skeletal defects as compared to the negative control group. It can be concluded that the provision of propolis dose of 1400 mg/ kg weight and 200 ml of milk can repair skeletal damage caused by caffeine dose of 75 mg/ kg weight . The results showed that administration of propolis and milk induced caffeine during pregnancy does not affect the parent body weight of mice, the number of fetuses and fetal weight was significantly (P> 0.05). Observations with Alizarin solution for groups D1 and D2 are not found skeletal defects as compared to the negative control group. It can be concluded that the provision of propolis dose of 1400 mg/ kg weight and 200 ml of milk can repair skeletal damage caused by caffeine dose of 75 mg/ kg weight .

Flow‐Through Potentiometric Sensors for Alizarin Red S Dye and Their Application for Aluminum Determination

AbstractNovel selective and sensitive poly (vinyl chloride) membrane sensors are developed for measuring alizarin red S (AR) based on the use of aliquate 336, MgIIphthalocyanine (MgPc), CuIIphthalocyanine (CuPc) and FeII phthalocyanine (FePc) plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) membrane. The sensors display Nernestian response with slopes of ‐50.6 ± 0.6 , ‐37.4 ± 0.5 , ‐37.7 ± 0.8 and ‐35.0 ± 0.7 mV decade−1 over the range of 5.2 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−2 mol L−1 for all of them and detection limits of 5.9 × 10−7, 1.9 × 10‐−6 2.3 × 10−6 and 1.9 × 10−6 mol L−1 for aliquate, MgPc, CuPc and FePc membrane based sensor, respectively. The sensors exhibit long life span, long term potential stability, high reproducibility, fast response and good discrimination ability towards alizarinate ion in comparison with many other anions. A tubular detector based on aliquate, MgPc, CuPc and FePc was further developed and coupled to a flow‐injection system for alizarin (AR) determination. Under optimized conditions, the linearity range is 1.0 × 10−5‐ 1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1, with a slope of ‐52.1 ± 0.8, 20.9 ± 0.7, 23.6 ± 0.4 and 25 ± 1.1 mV decade−1 and a reproducibility of ± 0.8 mV (n = 6) for aliquate, MgPc, CuPc and FePc membrane based sensors, respectively. The sensor based on aliquate is further utilized for a potentiodynamic quantification of aluminum in sludge samples and deodorants. The buffered solution of alizarin was allowed to react in a flow system with aluminum. The calibration curve of Al was found to be linear over a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.8 and 1.0 ‐ 40 μg mL−1 with a slope = 16.9 (r2 = 0.993) and 1.76 (r2 = 0.994) mV (μg/mL)−1 and a detection limit of 0.08 and 0.5 μg mL−1 for 10−4 and 10−3 mol L−1 AR− as a carrier, respectively. The method was successfully used for determining aluminum in sludge samples and deodorants. The data agree fairly well the nominal values and with results obtain by continuous flow hydride generation inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method.

Sensitive Thin-Layer Chromatography Detection of Boronic Acids Using Alizarin

A new method for the selective and sensitive detection of boronic acids on thin-layer chromatography plates is described. The plate is briefly dipped in an alizarin solution, allowed to dry in ambient air, and observed under 366 nm light. Alizarin emits a bright yellow fluorescence only in the presence of a boronic acid.

Anodic sampling of titanium by thin-layer chromatography

Titanium as the pure metal or as commercial titanium alloys has been widely used in dentistry. To determine the composition of incorporated reconstructions there is a need for non-destructive sampling and identification of unknown or suspect elements. This paper reports an analytical procedure for detection of titanium. The method involves anodic sampling, and separation and identification of titanium by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on precoated cellulose layers. Two thin plates and one cast of elemental titanium and one dental alloy containing titanium were analyzed. Chromatograms of samples were developed with a mixture of iso -amyl alcohol, acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid as mobile phase. Excellent detection and identification of titanium as a pink spot was achieved after spraying with a saturated ethanolic solution of alizarin and exposure to NH 3 vapor.

Age and growth of the squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana in N.W. Luzon, philippines

The statoliths of 33 Sepioteuthis lessoniana from Bolinao, north-western Luzon, Philippines, were examined microscopically for growth increments. The daily nature of the increments was verified for captive specimens (<6 cm) kept in a tank containing Alizarin solution and fed with shrimps previously soaked in Alizarin solution. The ages ranged from 30–40 days in juveniles (19–33 mm dorsal mantle length DML) to 62–132 days in adults (62–315 mm DML). The growth rates estimated (0.5 mm·day−1 in adults) were much higher than those estimated by length-frequency analysis, but compatible with published estimates based on the statoliths of specimens sampled in Australia and Japan. The discrepancy between the results of length-frequency analysis and statolith ageing is attributed, at least in part, to underestimation of the age of older squid.

Voltammetric determination of aluminium(III) using a chemically modified electrode

An alizarin-modified electrode for the voltammetric determination of aluminium(III) is reported. The single-use modified electrode is simply prepared by dip-coating a high-density graphite electrode in an N,N-dimethylformamide solution of alizarin. Optimum experimental conditions for aluminium(III) determination include a solution pH of 8.4 ± 0.2, an accumulation time of 1 min and use of the differential-pulse mode for measurement of the oxidation peak of the aluminium(III)—alizarin complex. The detection limit is 1.5 × 10 −7 M, the response is linear up to 1.0 × 10 −5 M and the relative standard deviation for replicate preparations of the electrode [at 7.5 × 10 −6 M Al(III)] is 3.8%. The determination of aluminium in soil samples is reported.

釀造用水のCa, Mg迅速簡易定量法

I studied the estimation of calcium and magnesium especially in water, by the method of paper partition chromatography. In this method, the max. relative error is 5 %.Main points of this method are;(1) the separation of Ca and Mg by the method of paper partition chromatography, and(2) colorimetric estimation of alizarin solution extracted from Ca or Mg alizarin lake on the strip of filter paper.

Decreasing the time required for making an alizarin skeleton preparation.

The modification described here involves fixing the material in 10% formalin for at least a week, macerated in 2% sodium hydroxide in an oven at 38°C, stained in dilute alizarin solution and finally stored in glycerin. The whole process for a specimen up to 3 cm. long requires less than a month.

A Note on the Staining of the Skeleton of Cleared Specimens with Alizarin Red S

A selective, progressive method for staining the skeleton in cleared specimens, developed with rat material.Fix in 95% alcohol for at least 48 to 96 hrs. Even longer fixation is desirable. Then place in a 1% solution of KOH until the bones are clearly visible through the surrounding tissues. Transfer directly to a dilute solution of alizarin in KOH, one part alizarin to 10,000 parts of 1% KOH. Allow the stain to act until the desired intensity is attained. Fresh stain may be added if necessary.Complete the clearing process, (1) in Mall's solution, water 79 parts, glycerine 20 parts and KOH 1 part; (2) in increased concentrations of glycerine. Store in pure glycerine.The success of the method depends on obtaining the proper degree of clearing before staining. If the specimen is insufficiently cleared, a general staining of all tissues usually occurs.