Solubility Of Essential Oils Research Articles

Water solubility of clary sage essential oil

The article provides data on the degree of solubility of essential oils in water. Essential oils are considered as compounds that are completely insoluble or slightly soluble, or refer to substances with a certain, limited, solubility. The distillation of the essential oil from the raw material is preceded by its dissolution in water and hydrodiffusion in the solution beyond the limits of the essential oil containers. The solubility of essential oils in water, apparently, plays an important role in living plants during their intracellular movement and removal outside the cells. To clarify the concepts, samples of primary and secondary oils obtained in production have been examined. The solubility of clary sage oil at 20○C reaches a significant value (0.094% for primary one, 0.406% for secondary one), but with an increase in temperature up to 40○C it decreases to 17-15%. Further study of the GLC data shows that the change in the percentage is due to an increase in the content of cineole and unidentified components in the oil, which have a relatively high solubility, hardly noticeable in the primary oil and accumulate in the secondary one and in the one isolated from the primary one. In the sample isolated from the water solution of the secondary oil there are 2 unidentified components located between cineole and linalool and apparently having increased solubility. Due to this, the percentage of linalool in the oil isolated from the solution decreases, but the absolute amount of the latter in 100 ml of the solution increases 2,58 times compared to the oil isolated from the primary oil solution.

Hormesis-Inducing Essential Oil Nanodelivery System Protects Plants against Broad Host-Range Necrotrophs.

Botrytis cinerea, a broad host-range necrotrophic (BHN) phytopathogen, establishes compatible interactions with hosts by deploying multigene infection strategies, rendering simply inherited resistance ineffective to fight off this pathogen. Since essential oils (EOs) serve as intermediators during phytobiome communication, we hypothesize that they have the potential to enhance the quantitative disease resistance against BHN by eliciting the adaptive stress response (hormesis) in plants. However, using EOs is challenging due to their poor solubility in water. Nanoemulsification of EOs enhances not only the solubility of EOs but also their potency and stability. Here, we demonstrate the potential use of essential oil nanoemulsions (EONEs) to control infections caused by BHN. Using basic engineering principles of nanocarrier design, we demonstrate the efficacy of a robust EONEs design for controlling B. cinerea infection in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Our nanoemulsion delivery system significantly enhanced the disease resistance of the host by reducing the necrotic area by up to 50% compared to untreated plants. RNA-seq analysis indicated that successful treatments upregulated autophagy, ROS scavenging, and activation of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway.

Preparation and evaluation of four kinds of mixed essential oil liposomes in Jieyu Anshen Formula

In order to increase the stability and solubility of essential oil in Jieyu Anshen Formula, this study was to prepare the essential oil into liposomes. In this experiment, the method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency of liposomes was established by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and dextran gel column. The encapsulation efficiency and particle size of liposomes were used as evaluation indexes for single factor investigation and Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the design. Then the optimal formulation of volatile oil liposome was characterized using methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone as index components. Finally, the in vitro transdermal properties of liposomes were studied by modified Franz diffusion cell. The results showed that the concentration of lecithin, the mass ratio of lecithin to volatile oil, and the stirring speed were the three most significant factors affecting the liposome preparation. The optimum formulation of volatile oil liposome was as follows: the concentration of lecithin was 7 g·L~(-1); mass ratio of lecithin to volatile oil was 5∶1; and the stirring speed was 330 r·min~(-1). Under such conditions, the prepared liposomes had blue emulsion light, good fluidity, half translucent, with particle size of(102.6±0.35) nm, Zeta potential of(-17.8±0.306) mV, permeability of(1.67±1.01)%, and stable property if liposome was stored at 4 ℃. 24 h after percutaneous administration, the cumulative osmotic capacity per unit time was(30.485 2±1.238 9),(34.794 8±0.928 3),(26.677 1±1.171 7),(3.066 2±0.175 3) μg·cm~(-2)respectively for methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone. In vitro transdermal behaviors of methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone in liposomes were all consistent with Higuchi equation. The prepared volatile oil liposomes met the relevant quality requirements, providing a reference for further research on preparation of multi-component Chinese medicine essential oil liposomes.