Solidarity Program Research Articles

Reviewing the Post-conflict Reconstruction Efforts through the National Solidarity Programme in Afghanistan.

Reviewing the Post-conflict Reconstruction Efforts through the National Solidarity Programme in Afghanistan.

The Role of Anging Mamiri Women's Solidarity Community in Empowering Marginalized Women in Makassar City

This study aims to explain the implementation of the Anging Mammiri Women's Solidarity program in Makassar City, the type of descriptive qualitative research, collecting and analyzing data applied triangulation, namely interviews, observations, and document reviews. Information was gathered from informant interviews and documents reviewed. The results showed that as many as 142 marginalized (poor) women had received services or advocacy in the form of education, information, and communication. The number of violence against women and children in the city of Makassar reached 1,056 people. (in 2022) As many as 774 children who were victims of violence, and 184 victims of domestic violence (domestic violence), 98 children facing the law, educational qualifications were dominated by children with junior high school and high school education. The number of violence against women who do not want their land to be confiscated is 111 structural cases and 126 non-structural cases, namely in the agrarian sector, forestry, infrastructure development, and property business. The implementation of the program has not been carried out optimally, because the number of personnel/members is less when compared to the number of marginalized people who need services. The factors that support the implementation are the determination and very high concern of the persons/members of SPAM.

Local Wisdom-based Social Solidarity Model in Mitigating the COVID-19 Disaster in Madiun City, Indonesia

To mitigate the Covid-19 disaster, the Madiun City government of East Java Province, Indonesia created local wisdom-based social solidarity programs called Kampung Tangguh (The Fierce Kampong), Pendekar Waras (The Healthy Warrior), and Pendekar Obat (The Medicine Warrior). This research employed the empirical method that combined literature review and field research (consisting of questionnaires and in-depth interviews with key informants). Results showed that the regulation on the Covid-19 mitigation was based on the central government’s policies. It was manifested in the form of the Decree of the Mayor of Madiun No. 56 of 2020 on the Amendment of the Decree of the Mayor of Madiun No. 39 of 2020 on the Application of the Discipline and Law Enforcement on Health Protocols to Prevent and Control the Coronavirus Disease 2019. These three programs was based on the mutual responsibility or social solidarity and theyinvolved all community elements from the neighbourhood, district, regional apparatus organization, to the mayor. It involved the integrated, coordinated, and organized active participation of society, to create a disaster-aware society.

Reexamining and Reimagining the Future of Barangay (Village) Nagbalon: Solidarity Program and Community Based Enterprise Approaches for the Local Governance of the Sustainable Development Goals

The UN SDG for performance measures is already in place that makes the Barangay Solidarity Program build to address one of the issues which are ageism. In today’s changing society, not only changing values are important, but also changing the numbers and mindset of the people. Old persons have seen many changes in their lives, and the changes associated with aging are taken pretty much in stride. This study examines the real happiness of older persons, the expectations that society has for them, how people adapt to future forces in later life. The study employed a mixed-method approach. The successful aging dimensions were reviewed among older persons. A quantitative survey among 200 older persons and exploratory factor analysis was applied to test the structural validity of the instrument. This includes the ten dimensions of happiness namely: food, family, friends, faculty, fitness, financial, faith, future, and fear. In addition, this study explores that the older persons of the future may have no choice but to be self-reliant. The obtained results indicated that the happiness of older persons has significant effects on their faculty, faith, and future singly and in the combination of moderating variables such as age, gender, and pension. The different stakeholders' collaboration, co-production, and co-creation should be realized to meet the challenges on what the people feel, need, and get involved in their resilient bright future and capacity building as part of community-based enterprises. For future undertakings, other researchers may consider government organizations as co-leadership, and co-organizers of every barangay success for aging society, pandemic crisis and disaster preparedness, and economic enterprises at individual and social levels for sustainable development goals of local governance.

Social capital and structural disadvantages: A case of Community‐Driven Development program in Afghanistan

AbstractThis paper analyzes and uses the National Solidarity Program (NSP) Afghanistan as a case study to question the idea of social capital building for poverty reduction. Specifically, it explores how development policy has been decoupled from its intended objectives as it hit the existing friction in the ground. The data draws from poor household experience in three different provinces of Afghanistan to assess how poor household is integrated into NSP and how existing social structure and relational dynamics shape the NSP outcomes. The finding reveals that household is experiencing a cluster of interlink disadvantages that make it impossible for them to draw on social capital to reduce their poverty. However, NSP failed to eliminate the asymmetrical relations which created poverty in rural society; instead, it boosted Neopatrimonialism culture.

Mikro-Hidro Santrallerin Kırsal Bölge Sakinlerinin Refahını Arttırmadaki Etkisi: Afganistan Badakhshan İli Örneği

Afghanistan, starting from 2003 has implemented the National Solidarity Program (NSP) with financial assistance from the international community and focused on delivering basic services to all citizens. The bulk of the program was electrification, countryside roads, drinking water, schools and etc. In Badakhshan province, 2713 projects have been implemented by NSP, of which 443 of them were the micro-hydro power plants. In this research, a dataset of 1070 samples has been gathered from 6 districts. The data analysis was conducted with the Propensity Score Matching method to find the impact of the project on the welfare of rural residents. For detection of welfare the TV, computer, and telephone possession were used as proxies. The results indicate that the treatment group has more TVs, computers, and telephones than control groups. Precisely the treatment group has 23.9% more TVs, 7.6% more computers, and 37.6% more telephones than their counterparts.

متطلبات برنامج الدعم النقدی المشروط لتحسین نوعیة حیاة الفقراء

ملخص الورقة البحثية: خلف الأصلاح الإقتصادي الذي أنتهجته الدولة في الفترة الأخيرة العديد من المشکلات المرتبطة بالفئات محدودة الدخل في مصر مما أدي إلي تراجع أوضاعهم وسوء معيشتهم، مما جعل الدولة تطلق العديد من برامج الحماية الإجتماعية لتلک الفئات وکان من ضمنها برنامج تکافل وکرامة الذي أنطلق تحت شعار(مصر بلا عوز) وهو برنامج للدعم النقدي المشروط الذي يستهدف الأسر الفقيرة ولديها أبناء في مراحل التعليم المختلفة، وتستهدف أيضا فئة المعاقين والمسنين غير القادرين علي العمل وليس لهم دخل ثابت والأيتام، فالحماية الإجتماعية حق أساسي من حقوق الإنسان، کما إنها تؤدي دورا هاما للحماية من الفقر وتخفيفه، وتحقيق المساواة والعدالة الإجتماعية والحفاظ علي کرامة الإنسان، فبرنامج تکافل هو برنامج أستحقاق أسري يستهدف تقديم الدعم النقدي المشروط للأسر الفقيرة أصحاب الأطفال حديثي الولادة وحتي سن ال 18 عام، بغرض تحقيق التنمية البشرية لهذه الأسر من خلال ضمان حصولها بشکل إلزامي علي حقوق التغذية السليمة والحفاظ علي صحة الأم والطفل وإنتظام الأبناء في الدراسة ومحاربة التسرب التعليمي. الکلمات المفتاحية:المتطلبات- الدعم النقدي المشروط- تحسين نوعية حياة الفقراء. Requirement conditional cash subsidy program for improving the Quality of life for the poor The economic reform adopted by the state recently led to many problems related to low-income groups in Egypt, which led to the decline of their conditions and poor living conditions. This made the State launch many social protection programs for these groups, including the solidarity and dignity program, which was launched under the slogan (Egypt without need) is a conditional cash support program that targets poor families with children in different stages of education. It also targets the disabled, the elderly who are unable to work and have no fixed income and orphans. Therefore, this study addresses the theoretical and analytical in light of the way society organizes a program of solidarity and dignity as one of the mechanisms of social protection for the primary care groups, The solidarity ( Takaful) program is a family benefit program aimed at providing conditional cash support to families. Poor newborns up to the age of 18 years, with the aim of achieving the human development of these families by ensuring compulsory access to the rights of proper nutrition and the preservation of maternal and child health, school attendance of children and the fight against educational dropout Keywords: Requirements - conditional cash transfer – quality of life

The promising drugs included in WHO’s Solidarity Project: a choice based in scientific knowledge and institutional competencies

BACKGROUND In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Solidarity Program, probably the largest global initiative to encourage and support research in four promising drugs, named Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, β Interferon and the combination Lopinavir / Ritonavir, to reduce the mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).OBJECTIVES Considering the potential impact of Solidarity Program to restrain the current pandemic, the present study aims to investigate whether it was designed upon indicators of scientific productivity, defined as the level of the production of new scientific knowledge and of the institutional capabilities, estimated in terms of scientific publications and technological agreements.METHODS The scientific documents on Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Coronavirus were retrieved from Scopus database while the technological agreements on coronavirus were obtained through Cortellis. As for the institutions and countries, we have considered the data on author’s affiliations in both set of data. For comparison, we included the analysis of documents related with other drugs or therapies, such as vaccines and antibodies, which were listed in a Clarivate’s report on coronaviruses research.FINDINGS Most of the analysis refers to documents on Coronavirus, the largest group. The number of documents related to WHO’s drugs are almost five times higher than in the other groups. This subset of documents involves the largest and most diverse number of institutions and countries. As for agreements, we observed a smaller number of institutions involved in it, suggesting differences between countries in terms of technical and human capabilities to develop basic and/or clinical research on coronavirus and to develop new forms or products to treat or to prevent the disease.MAIN CONCLUSIONS Hence, the results shown in this study illustrate that decisions taken by an international scientific body, as WHO, were mainly based in scientific knowledge and institutional competencies.

Applying Community-Driven Approaches to Rural Development and Women’s Empowerment in Afghanistan

Community-driven approaches have become popular in the development field over recent years. By establishing community development councils (CDCs), this approach enables strong community engagement in the projects’ design and execution while proactively promoting women’s participation, leading both to improved service delivery and effective implementation of more sustainable projects. In addition, using a community-driven approach in the implementation of rural development programs in least developed and post-conflict societies can help with raising awareness about democratic processes. In Afghanistan, two national programs, the National Solidarity Program (NSP) and the Citizens’ Charter National Priority Program (CCNPP), embraced a CDD approach in the implementation of their projects. RCT studies indicate that the NSP has been one of the most successful programs in the country while reports, so far, indicate the same about the CCNPP. Both programs have made an impact by creating gender-balanced CDCs through elections based on secret voting and universal suffrage. These programs have significantly contributed to the enhancement of women’s participation in the society. Nonetheless, maintaining this progress requires a stable, supportive socio-political environment in the long run. Policymakers should consider the successes and difficulties related to the NSP and CCNPP when creating community-driven approaches to development in the future

Outbreak of COVID-19: An update on the status of the evolving mechanism with possible diagnostic, therapeutics, and future directions

The new Coronavirus, officially designated as SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic with a global spread to more than 216 countries, areas, or territories 17,106,007 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 668,910 deaths, reported to WHO as of 4:39 pm CEST, 31 July 2020. This virus has been found to have striking similarity with the SARS CoV, which caused an epidemic earlier. Symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, dyspnoea, and rarely vomiting and diarrhoea. Diagnostic with the help of serological and molecular methods are currently possible, along with CT scans and Chest X Rays for the early detection. Bioinformatics tools are now helping us in mapping the infection dynamics with increased accuracy and are helping us establish a chain of progression of the virus. With research rapidly expanding, new facts have come into the focus and WHO has started a SOLIDARITY program, which helps in randomised drug trials with better validity aided by measures taken by WHO and use of technology.Nevertheless, novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is one of the deadliest viruses' humanity has encountered, causing not just biological, but also impacting the world economy. This review has all the information about COVID-19 such as its virology, epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, possible treatment, and prevention. This study also emphasised on the future direction that could be computational drug screening & vaccine designing using Immunoinformatics approach to save time and cost to come out with potential treatments. Drug screening from cell lines and plasma therapy may prove highly effective to treat COVID-19 patients.

Territorial collaboration: a novel way to spread prosperity

ABSTRACT Territorial collaboration offers a novel way of tackling the widening gap between prosperous cities and poorer regions. Place-based organizations working together and sharing their knowledge, expertise and resources can strengthen productive capacities and improve living standards in less-favoured areas. China has gone further than elsewhere through a solidarity programme that twins coastal city administrations with their rural counterparts. Long-term partnerships are upgrading infrastructure, institutions and human capabilities, and spurring private investment in agricultural and industrial projects. Interregional cooperation could assist other emerging economies through sharing, learning and investing in complementary activities.

Lessons Learned From 11 Countries on Programs Promoting Intergenerational Solidarity

ObjectiveThe goal of this project was to develop a systematic framework through which interventions promoting intergenerational solidarity in 11 countries could be assessed.BackgroundAlthough intergenerational solidarity—the exchange of material, social, and emotional support and care between family generations—benefits both the country's economic well‐being (macro‐level) and the individual's physical, mental, and social well‐being (micro‐level), decreasing intergenerational solidarity is evident in many industrialized countries. Interventions promoting intergenerational solidarity are increasingly being developed, but few are described in the literature. Moreover, no unifying framework describing them exists.MethodRepresentatives from 11 countries convened to identify interventions promoting intergenerational solidarity. After several meetings, a unifying framework was created. Representatives selected a convenience sample of programs and abstracted information based on the framework.ResultsThe outcome of social well‐being was virtually ubiquitous in most programs. Countries appeared to take a broad view of intergenerational solidarity, focusing on interactions among generations, rather than interactions within families.Discussion and ImplicationsThe framework enabled the systematic abstraction and assessment of programs. Most programs had no standard method of evaluating their outcomes. Longitudinal evaluations would be optimal if we want to identify the best practices in intergenerational solidarity programs.

Apresentação. Intersecções do exílio

No campo das artes, processos de migração, voluntários ou forçados, desempenham papel crucial na criação e difusão de ideias, conceitos e novas formas de expressão artística, rompendo barreiras entre "centro" e "periferia", estilhaçando cânones e modelos. A circulação e mobilidade de artistas e agentes culturais nas mais diferentes regiões do globo promoveu a constituição de redes criativas e de coletivos artísticos que cruzaram, por isso, diferentes experiências de desenraizamento cultural, experimentalismo bicultural, projetos artísticos individuais e programas de solidariedade política e social. A associação entre artistas e galeristas, curadores e colecionadores (muitas vezes também eles em migração) nos países de destino deu visibilidade e estruturou essas colaborações criativas, tornando o seu papel relevante em contextos distintos, os de partida e de chegada, articulando deste modo múltiplas realidades e práticas artístico-culturais. Este dossiê sublinha o impacto de projetos colaborativos transculturais na (re)definição de contextos artísticos locais, no agenciamento político e social e no diálogo intercultural, dando particular atenção a grupos formais ou informais que desafiaram narrativas historiográficas, sobretudo as produzidas no universo europeu e norte-americano, diversificaram formas de intervenção e exposição e definiram novas geografias de intercâmbio.

The management of legal pluralism and human rights in decentralized Afghanistan

Legal pluralism concerns the often complex interactions between various legal orders. This includes the various domains of state law, human rights and tribal customary and religious laws. In recent decades, international developers have attempted to impart universalism within socially, culturally and legally diverse contexts such as decentralized locations that practice local and indigenous modes of justice. International donors in Afghanistan have attempted to spread the rule of law and basic human rights from judicial reform and the 2004 constitution into the countryside, whilst referring to Islamic family and criminal law. The Afghan government and state legalisms are largely centralized within a mountainous country. Most citizens, spread across 34 provinces, rely on the judgements of trusted elders, or even the Taliban in southern regions, in community-based dispute resolutions. Using interviews conducted with Afghan judicial and rule of law experts, this article assesses the management of legal pluralism in Afghanistan. It is argued that, with varying results, legal pluralism has been managed by “project law” to promote “better world visions” and donors’ notions of (social) justice to introduce western laws and human rights to local customary settings. This is followed by concluding remarks and some recommendations. When implementing projects, international developers could work towards incorporating all actors and their legal institutions, including local mediators. Improving case tracking at the provincial and district levels is needed to promote consistency and improve observance of basic human rights standards. Furthermore, continuing to raise awareness of women’s rights in rural areas with the use of local organizations and civil society could impart human rights locally. This can be achieved by training ulema, mullahs and other local justice authorities of basic human rights in highly funded community development councils and other national solidarity programme projects.

Communitarian Dimensions in the Socio-Political Thought of the Solidarity Movement in 1980–1981

The purpose of this paper is an interpretation of the social and political thought of the Solidarity movement in the light of the political philosophy of communitarianism. In the first part of the paper, the controversies between liberalism and communitarianism are characterized in order to outline the communitarian response toward the authoritarian/totalitarian challenge. In the second part, the programme of a self-governing republic created by Solidarity is interpreted in the spirit of communitarianism. I reconstruct the ideal vision of human being expressed in of ficial trade union’s documents and essays of Solidarity’s advisers e.g., Stefan Kurowski and Jozef Tischner, and the efforts of the movement for telling the truth about history and its vision of Polish history. Also, I interpret the programme of Self-Governing Republic adopted during the First National Convention of Delegates of Solidarity. In these programmatic documents of Solidarity, one may find ideas characteristic both of the communitarian and liberal political philosophy. However, the liberal ones—including, primarily, the guarantee of human and citizens’ rights, and of individual liberties—were subordinated to the postulate of reconstructing the national and social community. In the course of transformation after 1989, these communitarian elements of Solidarity programme, incompatible with liberal ideological agenda, have been erased.

Village Context and the National Solidarity Program in Afghanistan

This paper explores the relation between the design of Afghanistan’s National Solidarity Program and implementation outcomes. It draws on a study of village contexts to understand the variability in the relations of responsibility and accountability that exist between customary village leadership, village elites, and village households. Findings on diverse processes of “bricolage” between the NSP intervention and customary practices highlight the politics of village life, which the technical assumptions of the NSP do not address.

Community-Driven Development in Afghanistan

This article assesses the legacy of the National Solidarity Programme in seven districts of Wardak Province, Afghanistan. We find that the NSP largely achieved its development objectives, but had limited effects on state–society relations. The findings also raise questions about the sustainability of community-driven development in insecure contexts.

La fotografía como intermediaria en un proyecto artístico- educativo informal que retrató la vida de las mujeres saharauis

This investigation was carried out in one of the most unwelcoming areas of the Sahara Desert, in the argelian Tindouf Refugee Camps where part of the Sahrawi community lives. A photography workshop was held for the women with the aim of allowing their images show the reality around them and work to reweave the social fabric broken, not voluntarily but under imposition. Recovering the public space, through voices and looks, will let us understand, from the perspective and opinions of the Sahrawi women, their longings and feelings, in order that such visual, verbal and textual narratives generate more successful actions to support reality-aware and solidarity programs. In addition, the international community was sensitized about a reality that is present even if it seems unreal and far away. To understand the discourses of the sahrawi women, gender and subaltern studies were considered, and to visualize their voices and creations we focused on educational research from horizontality offered by the Entre Voces (Between Voices) methodology.

The National Solidarity Programme: Assessing the Effects of Community-Driven Development in Afghanistan

Over the past two decades, community-based approaches to project delivery have become a popular means for governments and development agencies to improve the alignment of projects with the needs of rural communities and to increase the participation of villagers in project design and implementation. This article briefly summarizes the results of an impact evaluation of the National Solidarity Programme (NSP), a community-driven development programme in Afghanistan that created democratically-elected community development councils and funded small-scale development projects. Using a randomized controlled trial across 500 villages, the evaluation finds that NSP had a positive effect on access to drinking water and electricity, acceptance of democratic processes, perceptions of economic well-being and attitudes towards women. Effects on perceptions of local and national government performance and material economic outcomes were, however, more limited or short-lived.

Between Protection and Activation: People with Disabilities in the Social Investment State

Federal and provincial employment and income policies in the field of disability within the evolution of Quebec’s welfare state are reviewed from the analytical perspective of the social investment state. The use of the social investment state concept allows the authors to reflect on the paradoxes associated with the demands of the disability movement and the responses of the state. The authors demonstrate that the logic of social investment and activation of the workforce yielded gains consistent with the disability movement’s claims, allowing people with disabilities to use their potential and find fulfillment in the labor market while often improving their financial conditions. However, it is argued that the social investment perspective offers a less suitable response for those permanently excluded from the labor market, especially Social Solidarity Program recipients who benefit only from meager financial protection. While early impact analyses of measures designed to equalize opportunities and activate the workforce do not really show the expected results, the latest statistics available for people with disabilities reflect moderate, but tangible results in terms of reducing the number of members of a household living beneath the low-income cut-off and increasing the employment rate for persons with disabilities.