Solidarity Perspective Research Articles

Evaluasi Atas Implementasi Budaya Risiko Pada Perusahaan Finansial ABC

The aim of this research is to obtain on the company’s risk culture that has been implemented by the company by assessing their individual perspective and organizational perspective. Data were collected with method which is survey and interview. The surveys distributed to all staff at lower to middle management level of employee to seek individual perspective and the interview held to upper level of management to seek organization perspective. The IRM Risk Culture framework took place to evaluate how did the risk culture went within the organization. The research found out that employee’s type of the company has the types of risk perspective as deliberate and composed, which means it has a medium to high risk tolerance. Based on ethical decision-making using in general, the entire group tends to make decisions based on conscience ethics that prioritize empathy, care, and respect. The existing organizational culture in the company based on the social and solidarity dimensions has a high level of solidarity and socialization or called as communal category. The Communal category is characterized by fair risk distribution among employees, good teamwork among functions and locations, and close relationships between individuals. Regarding the evaluation of the eight aspects of risk culture (IRM Aspect Model) from the social and solidarity perspective, there are four aspects that do not meet the expectations of the IRM. These aspects are Risk Decision, Risk Resource, Responding to Bad News, and Reward. Keywords: Risk Culture, Organization Culture, Risk Management

The reform of the Common European Asylum System in the context of the implementation the EU principle of solidarity

The polycrisis in the European Union has a great influence on the issue of solidarity. The events of recent years demonstrate a significant lack of solidarity within the EU. At the same time, solidarity is one of the principles of the Union’s immigration and asylum policy, as well as one of its key value. For a long time, it was assumed that all member states act in the spirit of mutual solidarity, which should flow from the very fact of a country’s membership in the EU. In other words, international solidarity within the Union is based on voluntariness, which does not require any special mechanism for its implementation. However, in recent years, this presumption has shown its inconsistency, and as a result, the idea has arisen to create a special solidarity mechanism. The migration crisis of 2015 forced the institutions of the Union to start reforming the Common European Asylum System, a key element of which is the creation of an effective solidarity mechanism within the Union. This article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the solidarity principle in the framework of the reform of the Common European Asylum System. The article highlights the main stages of the protracted reform of asylum legislation, reveals the key features of each stage from a solidarity perspective. The author comes to the conclusion that the proposed asylum system in the EU will not become fairer and will not ensure the implementation of the principle of solidarity. At the same time, the reform of the asylum policy could lead to an increase in the centralization of this policy and the expansion of the powers of the Union bodies, which will not make it possible to resolve the current problems and provide solidarity. Thus, solidarity will turn out to be only a tool in the hands of the institutions of the Union for carrying out planned reforms. According to the author, at the moment one can observe the transformation of solidarity within the EU into collectivism, when the interests of the Union are put above the interests of the member states, and the latter are forced to follow a common policy against their will.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the existence of social solidarity: evidence from rural-urban communities in Lombok Island, Indonesia.

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the entire world since the beginning of 2020 is an unimaginable phenomenon. The pandemic is disastrous because it has caused loss of life and livelihood for a large part of the population. People lose their jobs, spaces for social interaction are closed, and social relationships are disrupted. Several studies show that social solidarity should be a major concern for people to sustain the future quality of their lives. Social solidarity dimensions in this study include gotong royong (local culture of mutual help), marriage banjars (local association), cooperation, and sharing of information. This study aims to examine the existence of social solidarity during the pandemic in rural and urban areas and to know the level of community exposure to COVID-19 in Lombok Island, Indonesia. This research adopted a quantitative approach to identify and analyse the existence of social solidarity in rural and urban communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. A set of questionnaires was distributed and shared by enumerators with 1,100 targeted-respondents from Lombok Island. The survey was carried out from 14th October to 28th October 2021, that is, during a recovery period from the pandemic while restrictions implemented by the government were still in full force. Chi square statistical analysis was used to test whether there were differences in social solidarity between those who lived in rural areas and those who lived in urban areas. This research found the existence of social solidarity in both rural and urban communities during the pandemic. The level of social solidarity in rural areas is higher than in urban areas. While related to the number of those who were exposed and died, conditions were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. However, in terms of the death rate, the level of death rate in urban areas is higher than in rural areas. This condition indicates differences in the characteristics of rural and urban communities, which can be considered in implementing policies during a future pandemic. This research provides evidence for local governments in formulating policies with a social solidarity perspective by taking into account the different characteristics of rural and urban communities.

Exploring the Concept of Solidarity in the Context of AI: An Ethics in Design Approach

AI ethics guidelines have proposed the principle of solidarity as an important principle for Ethics in Artificial Intellligence (AI). However, they often leave out explanations on how solidarity ought to be understood and put into practice in the context of ethical AI. This paper explores the principle of solidarity in the context of AI. It examines solidarity from an Ethics in Design perspective, meaning how solidarity could be accounted for in the processes of technological design. Since solidarity conceptualisations differ depending on the respective discipline they are applied in, this paper first attempts to disentangle the many conceptual understandings and proposes a more discipline-neutral solidarity account describing solidarity’s core on the basis of five elements: (1) an element of relationality based on (2) a connecting element that builds the grounds for the relationship, (3) a cognitive element of awareness and recognition, (4) a motivational source, and (5) an element of duty. By using this account to explore solidarity in an AI context, it will be shown that approaching solidarity with an Ethics in Design perspective has its challenges. Therefore, it is proposed that solidarity should be conceived of not as an ideal end state but as a perspective or lens that can guide design choices. Ethics in Design methods such as user-centric or participatory design are discussed as potential enablers for adopting such a solidarity perspective. Lastly, the paper addresses some challenges and limitations and argues that an approach to solidarity in Ethics in Design needs to be complemented with collective decision-making at the societal level, which is a political task.

The West Papuan liberation movement, Indonesian settler colonialism and Western imperialism from an international solidarity perspective

ABSTRACT Getting solidarity right, as West Papuans struggle against a colonial genocide, is crucial. Distilling a non-Papuan UK citizen’s experience of several years working with the West Papuan liberation movement, this article offers a historical, anti-imperialist framework for thought and action in solidarity with West Papua. Counter-posing its approach to the depoliticised framework of leading Western human rights organisations, the article places three terrains of the struggle – the Indonesian settler colonial state, the West Papuan liberation movement, and Western solidarity networks – in a global historical perspective, examining the dynamic interactions between them in order to unravel the ties that bind the Indonesian state to West Papua. The collaborations and connections between Indonesian elites and dominant Western sections are counter-posed to the possibility of an alliance between West Papuans and poorer Indonesians – but only if Western solidarity organisers are attentive to the role Western (neo)imperialism plays in structurally determining the genocidal form Indonesia’s colonisation takes.

A study of how LGBTQ tourists’ perceptions of residents’ feelings about them affect their revisit intentions: an emotional solidarity perspective

This study examined how LGBTQ tourists’ perceptions of residents’ feelings about them affect their travel satisfaction and intention to revisit a destination. This study applied the theory of emotional solidarity to measure Chinese LGBTQ tourists’ perceptions of Vietnamese residents in their welcoming nature, emotional closeness, and sympathetic understanding of the LGBTQ community. A survey of 217 Chinese LGBTQ tourists in Vietnam was conducted and the results showed that sympathetic understanding was the major source of travel satisfaction. However, emotional closeness influenced LGBTQ tourists’ revisit intention more. In addition, extraversion positively moderated the effect of welcoming nature on travel satisfaction and revisit intention. Comparing the results of this study with previous studies showed that the feelings of emotional solidarity driving LGBTQ tourists and non-LGBTQ tourists to revisit a destination are different. LGBTQ tourists are looking for local people to move closer to them, not just welcome them. This study contributes to LGBTQ tourism research by assessing social factors in terms of emotional solidarity that influence LGBTQ tourists’ attitudes and behaviours. It widens the scope of the theory of emotional solidarity and enriches our knowledge of LGBTQ tourism in Asia.

Analysis of the Russia-Ukraine War’s Consequences on Sustainable Livelihoods of Refugees in Africa

The Russia-Ukraine War will leave behind unprecedented scars among the primary conflicting parties and the international community. One of such scars is already being felt – a surge of refugee influx into neighbouring countries with mounting humanitarian needs. As the world continue recovering from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war will make the recovery process more complicated. While geopolitical relations are threatened, the global economy is also affected – prices of commodities have gone high. The livelihood is endangered and many other services such as education and healthcare have been heavily impacted. Many countries are realigning their financial policies to meet economic uncertainties. Support for the most vulnerable that includes refugees is likely to be threatened. Amidist these challenges, refugees, particularly those in low-income countries, Africa inclusive, are left in peril. With that in mind, this paper aimed at analysing the relational consequence of the Russia-Ukraine war on sustainable livelihoods of refugees in Africa. Secondary qualitative data was obtained through the exploration of relevant literature, reports, articles, and news. While imploring “social solidary theory” of Émile Durkhein (1858-1917) and the African Solidarity perspective of “ubuntu”, the paper argues for a “re-envisioned collaboration” among African states in the context of global crises vis-à-vis the plight of refugees in Africa.

Understanding employee responses to the covid-19 pandemic: a sensemaking humanitarian solidarity perspective

Most organisations in the world are facing great challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They must struggle to sustain their business operation. Through a qualitative study, this study investigates how employees make sense of the COVID-19 pandemic, driving them to take actions of humanitarian solidarity to keep their organisation sustainable. Through a semi-structured interview, eight employees from various organisations were interviewed. The data were coded and analysed inductively. The findings reveal that employees’ sensemaking towards the pandemic encourages them to take actions on humanitarian solidarity to their organisation by working together, helping and supporting each other, promoting a feeling of unity, and being productive, motivated, and enthusiastic to maintain the sustainability of the organisation. Moreover, internalization of organic organisational values to employees promotes their humanitarian solidarity behaviours due to the pandemic by collecting information, processing information, reducing ambiguous and clearing complex information, building simple information, and supporting organisation.

Structural Heterogeneity in Europe

Abstract Structural heterogeneity is probably the most important category of dependency theory to characterize the “development of underdevelopment” in the Global South. Should it therefore be a provocation to speak of structural heterogeneity in Europe? No, this article argues, because with reference to Osvaldo Sunkel, Fred Scholz and Neil Brenner among others, the political-economic logic of transnational economic integration based on socio-spatial fragmentation now also encompasses the Global North; or more specifically: the structural logic of economic transnationalisation and sociospatial fragmentation constitutes the core dynamics of European integration. So, the critical development debates of the 1970s should be rediscovered as pioneering concepts and updated in terms of spatial theory in the sense of a local solidarity perspective.

An Intergeneration Solidarity Perspective on Succession Intentions in Family Firms

In enterprising families, the family, as a social institution, is the foundation of the family business. However, in enterprising families, intergenerational succession remains problematic. Using intergenerational solidarity theory, and data from the 2013 Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students Survey (GUESSS; N = 18,576), our findings indicate that affective commitment partially mediates the relationship between family business exposure and offspring’s succession intentions. We also find that this relationship is stronger for sons than for daughters, while birth order has no effect. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

The ecomuseum and solidarity tourism: a case study from northeast Turkey

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the ecomuseum and solidarity tourism and to measure their impact on community development.Design/methodology/approachThe study presented here adopts two methods for collecting qualitative data: in-depth interviews and observations. The total number of village households was 42 and the number of households that hosted tourists in their home was 20. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, qualitative methods were employed in the form of lengthy interviews with 13 residents.FindingsThe findings indicate that tourism for the Bogatepe Village ecomuseum has focused on a solidarity perspective which has provided significant benefits to the community ensuring local sustainable development. The ecomuseum as a concept and a destination has helped to control tourism and strengthened the impact of solidarity tourism on the local community.Research limitations/implicationsThe research presented here must be seen as exploratory. More generally, further research is needed to look at the possibility of developing this type of tourism in other rural areas and similar regions of Turkey (covering both small and large areas) with an important cultural heritage.Originality/valueThe combination of the ecomuseum and solidarity tourism can provide a sustainable solution for tourism in rural areas and provide a model in the development of tourism to other villages in Turkey. The question is whether it could also be used in larger rural areas. The study underlines that Bogatepe is certainly worthy of future study.

The role of social support networks in proxy Internet use from the intergenerational solidarity perspective

Digital inequalities research has documented a set of practices related to people’s Internet use that questions the binary division between Internet users and non-users. In particular, among older adults, a considerably large group of individuals has been identified as not using the Internet by themselves; rather, they ask members of their personal networks to do things online for them—they “use” the Internet by proxy. Since previous research shows that children and grandchildren are important sources of help when it comes to Internet use, the current paper indicates that the notion of intergenerational solidarity is a sound conceptual basis for understanding the relationship between social support networks and proxy Internet use among Internet non-users. Notably, the concept of functional solidarity as a dimension of intergenerational solidarity is advanced, as this relates to the frequency of the intergenerational exchange of resources and services encompassing various types of assistance and support offered between two generations. Empirically, this paper investigates how the two types of social support networks and their characteristics are associated with proxy Internet use. The results from multivariate analyses of survey data from a nation-wide representative sample show that when comparing emotional support and socializing networks, only the latter is associated with proxy Internet use: Internet non-users who have (grand-)children in their socializing support network are more likely to engage in proxy Internet use. The results also indicate that non-users who are younger, more educated, have children, and live in urban areas are more inclined to engage in proxy Internet use, regardless of the type of social support. The findings indicate the importance of empirical investigation related to different aspects of functional solidarity, as the effects on proxy Internet use depend on the type of social support.

“I Stay by Myself”: Social Support, Distrust, and Selective Solidarity Among the Urban Poor

Significant debate exists about whether the black urban poor rely on each other for support. Currently, two perspectives dominate: the pervasive solidarity perspective, which asserts that support is widespread in poor, black communities, and the distrust‐individualism perspective, which claims that, in these communities, pervasive distrust undermines social cohesion and people use individualistic strategies for solving problems. Based on fieldwork in an African American public housing development, I present the concept of selective solidarity, which suggests that social life in these communities is neither as cohesive nor as individualistic as what past perspectives suggest. With selective solidarity, people rely on one another for support but selectively choose exchange partners, restricting exchange networks. Selective solidarity helps us understand how people manage sentiments of distrust while developing strategies for coping with material deprivation. Findings also have implications for the study of urban poverty. While my informants frequently stated that they “stay by themselves,” which implies individualism, they actually have meaningful exchange relationships. I argue that this contradiction suggests that they have multiple frames for approaching social life. We must consider such frames to avoid drawing misinformed conclusions, such as that the urban poor do not have supportive relationship when in fact they do.

Reform of Legal System of Agricultural Coop. Membership from the Community Solidarity perspective -Focusing on European and Japanese Legal System-

Reform of Legal System of Agricultural Coop. Membership from the Community Solidarity perspective -Focusing on European and Japanese Legal System-

How to sell alcohol? Nordic alcohol monopolies in a changing epoch

The principles of the EU internal market have made it difficult to maintain effective national regulation in the public health arena. The EEA agreement and EU membership resulted in the abolition of all the monopolies on alcohol except at the retail level in the Nordic countries. The article examines how the Nordic alcohol retail monopolies have developed and reacted to national and international pressures on their activities from the mid 1990s to 2006. The article also analyzes what effects the changing surroundings of the Nordic alcohol monopolies have had on the monopolies' present tasks and positions. The method used in this study is document analysis and interviewing. The material analysed includes annual reports of the Nordic alcohol monopolies, their web pages, reports and brochures, and laws and regulations that pertain to the monopolies. The article shows that the monopolies have worked purposefully to make themselves popular among the population, with an increased focus on customer service. These changes are based upon both international pressures and changes in perspective within politics in general, where a slow transition from a collectivist solidarity perspective to a more individualistic lifestyle perspective can be discerned.

Artikel

The growth of the EU internal market has made it more difficult to maintain effective national regulation in the area of public health. The EEA agreement and EU membership of the Nordic countries resulted in the abolition of all of the monopolies on alcohol except at the retail level. The article examines how the Nordic alcohol retail monopolies have developed and reacted to national and international pressures on their activities from the mid 1990s to 2006. The article also analyzes what effects the changing surroundings of the Nordic alcohol monopolies have had on the monopolies' present tasks, positions and political aims. The method used in this study is document analysis and interviewing. The material analysed includes annual reports of the Nordic alcohol monopolies, their web pages, reports and brochures, and the laws and regulations pertaining to the monopolies. The article shows that the monopolies have worked purposefully to make themselves popular with the public, with an increased focus on customer service. These changes are based upon both international pressures and changes in perspective within politics in general, where a slow transition from a collectivist solidarity perspective to a more individualistic lifestyle perspective can be discerned.

Critical practitioner inquiry and the struggle over the preferential right of interpretation in the south

This article situates the ongoing struggle over the preferential right of interpretation in education at the global arena. The recent influences from neoliberalism are emphasised and placed in a perspective based on analyses of the post-apartheid teacher education reform in Namibia as an example of a counter-hegemonic attempt. The conclusion drawn from the global and local analyses is that new alliances need to be created based on a refurbished solidarity perspective in the North in support of the preferential right of interpretation of ‘the poor’, particularly in the South.

Families on Probation: Court-Ordered Parenting Skills Classes for Parents of Juvenile Offenders

What are sociolegal, cultural, and emotional premises beneath conceptualizations of parenting skills for parents of juvenile offenders? This study examined court-ordered parenting skills classes taught by juvenile probation department personnel at a Northern California juvenile detention facility. Three conflicting perspectives arose in the classes: the juvenile court's perspective, where delinquency was framed as a result of poor parenting that state intervention could rectify; the parents' perspective, where parenting was seen as part of the feeling world of family life; and an adult solidarity perspective, where probation officials and parents agreed that youths were bad, out of control, disrespectful—a type of demonization of the youths by all the adults.

Discipline and due process in labor unions

This article examines the implications of bureaucratization for discipline and due process within labor organizations. Two perspectives on these relations were developed from the literature on union governance and tested with data from union constitutions and other secondary sources. The extent of due process protections was positively related to both bureaucratization and the number of grounds for discipline. The results support the solidarity perspective, which posits a convergence of union leaders’ and members’ interests.