Solid Waste Management Scenarios Research Articles

An Analysis of the Climate Change Mitigation Potential of Solid Waste Management Scenarios for the Small Island Developing State of Mauritius from a Life Cycle Sustainability Perspective

An Analysis of the Climate Change Mitigation Potential of Solid Waste Management Scenarios for the Small Island Developing State of Mauritius from a Life Cycle Sustainability Perspective

Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios in Metro Manila Using the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning-Integrated Benefit Calculator (LEAP-IBC) System

Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) and municipal solid wastes (MSWs) have been found to be viable sources of clean energy. This study integrates the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for methane flow rate estimation in the software Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning-Integrated Benefit Calculator (LEAP-IBC) system to estimate and project the methane emissions coming from the waste generated by Metro Manila, disposed in sanitary landfills. It aims to analyze the environmental impacts of the emissions coming from the non-energy sector using the IBC feature of LEAP and by developing two scenarios with 2010 and 2050 as the base and end years: the baseline and methane recovery scenario, where the latter represents the solid waste management undertaken to counter the emissions. Under the baseline, 97.30 million metric tonnes of methane emissions are expected to be produced and are predicted to continuously increase. In the same scenario, the cities of Quezon, Manila, and Caloocan account for the biggest methane emissions. On the other hand, in the methane recovery scenario, the methane emissions are expected to have a decline of 36% from 127.036 to 81.303 million metric tonnes by 2025, 52% from 135.358 to 64.972 million metric tonnes by 2030, and 54% from 150.554 to 69.254 million metric tonnes by 2040. For the 40-year projection of the study under the 100-year global warming potential analysis, a total of 10,249 million metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent is avoided in the methane recovery compared to the BAU, and a maximum of 0.019 °C temperature increase can also be avoided. Moreover, electricity costs without LFG technology increase from 2.21 trillion to 8.75 trillion, while costs with LFG technology also rise but remain consistently lower, ranging from 2.20 trillion to 8.74 trillion. This consistent reduction in electricity costs underscores the long-term value and importance of adopting LFG technology, even as its relative savings impact diminishes over time. Finally, the fixed effects and random effects panel data regression analysis reinforces and asserts that the solid waste management is really improved by means of the methane recovery technology, leading the methane emissions to decrease.

Sustainable waste management and waste-to-energy in the context of a circular economy through various waste management technologies.

Inappropriate waste management is a considerable ecological risk, leading to detrimental effects on the soil, air, and water quality. It is imperative to address these concerns promptly to minimize the repercussions of solid waste on public health and the ecosystem. It is evident that the level of economic growth directly impacts waste generation. This study intends to use the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique to evaluate the environmental impacts of four alternative municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios in Peshawar City, Pakistan. The goal is to discover an option that is both sustainable and minimizes environmental damage. The study examined the system boundaries encompassing the collection and transportation of MSW, along with its processing and final disposal, employing composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), material recovery facilities (MRF), and landfill methods. Comprehensive field studies and an in-depth literature review provided the data regarding Peshawar's existing MSW management system and the proposed scenarios, all of which was inventoried in the OpenLCA 1.10.3 database. Following data collection, the CML-IA technique was employed to analyze the data, measuring the environmental footprint in terms of climate change potential, human toxicity, acidification potential, photochemical oxidation, and eutrophication. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to identify the influence of varying recycling rates on the environmental strain correlated with the proposed scenarios. The analysis results indicated that scenario S2, which combined composting, landfilling, and MRF, exhibited the least environmental impact compared to the other considered scenarios. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis reflected an inverse correlation between alterations in the recycling rate and the total environmental impact. To counter the environmental problems arising from waste generation, it is essential to incorporate principles of the circular economy into the MSW management approach.

Current Scenario of Solid Waste Management in Raju Colony, Balanagar

Municipal solid waste management is one of the major environmental concerns globally. Improper management of Municipal solid waste poses a severe threat to all living beings and also to the surrounding environment. Various studies reveal that about 90% of Municipal Solid Waste is due to improper management of open dumping sites and landfills, creating severe problems to public health and the environment. Rapid population growth, Urbanization, industrialization and lack of awareness among people are the major drawbacks for enormous quantities of solid waste generation. An attempt has been made to comprehensively review waste characteristics, generation, collection, transportation, treatment & safe disposal methods of MSW practiced in Hyderabad City. Daywise activities pertaining to MSW have been carried out in order to evaluate the present existing status & to identify the major problems pertaining to it. Hence various methods used for MSW treatment are critically reviewed along with their merits & limitations.

An Overview of Solid Waste Management Scenario and a Comparative Analysis of its Related Legislation in India

Solid waste poses a major threat to the environment, aesthetics, and human health which also includes the spread of various communicable diseases. Due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and uncontrolled population growth, India is witnessing an unresolved problem in terms of solid waste management (SWM). The appropriate execution of SWM can play a pivotal role in achieving sustainable development and is highlighted in many global agendas, visions, and charters. A sustainable SWM may help achieve some of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is also known as Agenda 2030. It is a set of 17 interlinked global goals that are to be achieved by the year 2030. However, the government is putting in various efforts in terms of bringing various sector-specific stringent laws that make authorities more powerful in the proper enforcement of the rule, and Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 (SWMR) is one among them. This paper presents a general overview of the solid waste generation and management scenario of our country and a comparative analysis of prevailing SWMR with the Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.

Use of life cycle assessment for estimating impacts of waste-to-energy technologies in solid waste management systems: the case of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Analysing municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios is relevant for planning future policies and actions toward a circular economy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is appropriate for evaluating technologies of MSW treatment and their environmental impacts. However, in developing countries, advanced assessments are difficult to introduce due to the lack of technical knowledge, data and financial support. This research aims to assess the main potentialities of the introduction of waste-to-energy (WtE) systems in a developing Argentinean urban area considering the existing regulations about MSW recycling goals. The study was conducted with WRATE software and the proposed scenarios were current management, grate incineration of raw MSW and incineration of solid recovered fuel (SRF). In addition, a sensitivity analysis on the energy matrix was included. It was found that the production of SRF allows increasing the energy generation from waste by 200% and reducing the environmental impact of about 10% regarding the current MSW management system. Acidification Potential and Abiotic Depletion Potential were sensitive to changes in electricity mix. Results showed that if MSW reduction goals are achieved, changes in MSW composition will affect the performance of WtE plants and, in some cases, they will be not technically feasible. The outcomes of this study can be of interest for developing countries stakeholders and practitioners interested in LCA and sustainable MSW management.

An assessment of the current situation and recommendation of management scenarios for municipal solid waste management in Ho Chi Minh city

Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC) is currently facing a critical problem of the uncontrollable municipal solid waste (MSW). The most common waste disposal practice in the city is landfilling, but this is not a sustainable solution. From 2010 to 2022, the amount of waste generated has increased annually, from 6,000 tons/day to 9,200 tons/day, with an average growth rate of 6-8% per year. This study calculated the average emission factor of various districts in the city such as districts 1, 3, etc. at 0.83 kg/capita/day and district Binh Chanh, Cu Chi, etc. at 0.73 kg/capita/day and forecasted that the amount of waste will reach approximately 16,100 tons/day by 2050. Currently, 80-90% of collected MSW is landfilled, while only 10% is recycled. Composting and energy recovery practices are rarely used. This paper reviewed the current solid waste practice in HCMC and proposed four management scenarios to develop a sustainable solid waste management system. The first scenario is landfilling, which involves non-segregated waste disposal at the source. The second scenario is recycling, which involves segregating waste at the source for recycling, reuse, and waste reduction. The third scenario is composting, which requires using a mechanical-biological treatment plant for sorting, composting, and producing fuel from waste. The fourth scenario is waste-to-energy, which uses a waste incineration plant to generate energy from waste.

Analysis of the current overview of solid waste management in the municipality of Sousa-PB

Objective this article is to analyze the current scenario of solid waste management in the municipality of Sousa-PB. Such an approach proves to be of paramount importance given the need to adapt to environmental standards and deadlines, for the correct disposal of solid waste generated, therefore, a study of this nature is necessary in order to understand the reality of the locality and rethink solutions to that problem. The research will be used as an approach method, the inductive method, starting from particular data, sufficiently verified, a general or universal truth is inferred. Regarding the research technique, bibliographic and documentary research will be used, through the main legislation and documents, as well as bibliographic research on doctrines and scientific articles on the subject, and also, a field study is carried out, in the sanitary landfill. UTR SOUSA/PB. And it starts with the following problem: What is the panorama of solid waste management in the municipality of Sousa-PB? Thus, although the analyzed Municipality directs the generated MSW to the UTR SOUSA sanitary landfill, the operationalization in practice presents latent deficiencies that make it impossible to effectively comply with the PNRS, and the new basic sanitation framework. What can be concluded that the theme cannot be kept in the background, or only when the money is left over by the federated entities, given that the garbage problem is relevant, which above all requires cooperation from all those involved, from the Public Power to the citizen, from the public to the private sector.

Multi criteria decision analysis to develop an optimized municipal solid waste management scenario: a case study in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Multi criteria decision analysis to develop an optimized municipal solid waste management scenario: a case study in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Application of Life Cycle Assessment and Analytical Hierarchy Process to Obtain the Most Appropriate Solid Waste Management for Educational Institutes in Visakhapatnam City

Solid waste is a major problem that countries around the world are facing. Approaching a systematic procedure to manage solid waste can reduce several collateral impacts on the environment. Processing solid waste by proper management techniques benefits us economically too, evaluating the environmental impact of solid waste management systems by obtaining proper inventory analysis from every solid waste management method and comparing different scenarios at institutes using life cycle assessment. Comparing different solid waste management scenarios from environmental and economic points of view using an analytical hierarchy process. Cluster the output to obtain the most appropriate solid waste management system for the campus by combining environmental and economic criteria.

Sustainability Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion Systems for Decentralized Waste Management

Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) analyses were utilized to assess decentralized anaerobic digestion (AD)-based solid waste management (SWM) plans for a remote community. A hypothetical developing community of 20,000 habitants was selected with an average municipal solid waste (MSW) generation of 0.51 kg/capita/day. Sustainable SWM is needed to ensure both the environmental and economic aspects. In order to exploit the resource value of the high food fractions in developing countries, sustainable waste management alternatives have been emerged and compared to the commonly used SWM scenario (landfills). The scenario included, collection and transportation of waste, material recovery facility (MRF), AD, and landfilling processes. WRATE software databases were used to obtain data for the life cycle inventory (LCI). The functional unit has been selected as the management of 1 ton of MSW for a study period of 20 years. The scenarios were evaluated via the CML 2001 impact assessment method covering 6 categories including climate change, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and resource depletion. The findings revealed that the proposed strategy improved the life cycle environmental performance in all impact categories and resulted in significant economic savings.

Solid Waste Management Scenario in India and Illegal Dump Detection Using Deep Learning: An AI Approach towards the Sustainable Waste Management

The study is presented in four sections. The first section defines the municipal solid waste and solid waste management system. The second section illustrates the descriptive statistical analysis of waste generation patterns in India. The average waste generation in India was 160,038.9 tons per day in 2021; 95% of this total waste was collected and transported to the disposal sites. Based on scientific studies and observations, the per capita waste generation rate in 2018 was 0.490–0.626 g per day. In the last one and a half decades (1999–2000 to 2015–2016), Delhi and Bangalore have shown the highest percentage growth of 2075% and 1750%, respectively, in total waste generation among the highest population cities. The analysis of waste generation patterns concludes urbanization is a major factor that highly influences the waste generation rate. The third section describes the major issues in current solid waste management services. Some of these issues are the unavailability of web portals for citizens, no real-time monitoring of bins, collection vehicles and illegal dumping. These issues are identified based on the survey performed in a city and analysis of related research studies and scientific reports. We determined that illegal dumping is one of these major concerns and needs a technological solution. In the fourth section, we propose a multipath convolutional neural network (mp-CNN) to detect and localize the waste dumps on streets and roadsides. We constructed our dataset to train and test the proposed model, as no benchmark dataset is publicly available to obtain this objective. We applied the weakly supervised learning approach to training the model. In this approach, mp-CNN was trained according to the image class; in our case, it is two (waste and non-waste). In the testing phase, the model showed the performance evaluation matrices 97.82% of precision, 98.86% of recall, 98.34% of F1 score, 98.33% of accuracy, and 98.63% of AUROC for this binary classification. Due to the scarcity of benchmark datasets, waste localization results cannot be presented quantitatively. So, we performed a survey to compare the overlapping of the mask generated by the model with the region waste in the actual image. The average score for the generated mask obtained a score of 3.884 on a scale of 5. Based on the analysis of model performance evaluation parameters, precision-recall curve, receiver characteristic operator curve, and comparison of mask generated by the model over waste with corresponding actual images show that mp-CNN performs remarkably good in detection, classification, and localization of waste regions. Finally, two conceptual architectures in the context of developing countries are suggested to demonstrate the future practical applications of the mp-CNN model.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions-Based Development and Characterization of Optimal Scenarios for Municipal Solid and Sewage Sludge Waste Management in Astana City

Landfilling is the most applied solid waste management method in developing countries, which leads to a large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is thus imperative to develop strategies for evaluating different economically viable waste management scenarios to mitigate GHG emissions. According to the Paris Agreement, Kazakhstan planned to decrease GHG emissions by 25% by 2050 as compared to 1990 levels, while reaching carbon neutrality by 2060. In this context, we herein propose four different scenarios for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment and three scenarios for sewage sludge (SS) treatment with the aim of evaluating the GHG potential for Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan, using the (solid waste management) SWM-GHG calculator developed by the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. The MSW treatment scenarios include: (A) 15% recycling of secondary materials and 85% landfilling of remaining MSW; (B) 30% recycling of secondary materials; 70% sanitary landfilling with biogas collection; (C) 30% recycling and 70% biological stabilization and landfilling without biogas collection; and (D) 30% recycling, 20% composting, and 50% (waste-to-energy) WtE incineration. The sewage sludge management scenarios include (1) 100% landfilling; (2) 100% WtE incineration; and (3) co-incineration of sewage sludge and coal. The results reveal that more complex scenarios lead to extensive ecological benefits; however, there are economic constraints. Based on the analysis of the proposed scenarios, we recommend the optimal strategy for MSW treatment to be 30% recycling with biological stabilization that has a total cost of EUR 16.7 million/year and overall GHG emissions of −120 kt of CO2 eq/year. In terms of sewage sludge management, the addition of coal to sewage sludge simplifies the combustion process due to the higher heat capacity. Considering lower cost and higher energy recovery, it is recommended as a favorable process.

Assessment of electricity generation potential and economic analysis through different municipal solid waste management scenarios: a case study

Assessment of electricity generation potential and economic analysis through different municipal solid waste management scenarios: a case study

Application of life cycle assessment of system solution scenarios for municipal solid waste management in Turkey

Application of life cycle assessment of system solution scenarios for municipal solid waste management in Turkey

Life cycle environmental benefit and waste-to-energy potential of municipal solid waste management scenarios in Indonesia

Life cycle environmental benefit and waste-to-energy potential of municipal solid waste management scenarios in Indonesia

Changing scenario of municipal solid waste management in Kanpur city, India

Changing scenario of municipal solid waste management in Kanpur city, India

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH PADAT DALAM MENDUKUNG KEBERLANJUTAN GREEN CAMPUS: SEBUAH PENDEKATAN AHP

The purpose of this study is to find the most sustainable solid waste management scenario for universities. It is based on the Green Campus concept which aims to eliminate waste inefficiencies and use energy sources for ordinary electricity needs, as well as proper disposal management and efficient recycling programs. The Analytic Hierarchy Process approach is used in this study to produce strategic decisions in solid waste management. A pairwise comparison questionnaire was distributed to four experts from universities to give an assessment of the questionnaire. The results show that the alternative of recycling technology innovation is the choice of experts with a weight of 0.429 which is based on technology criteria with a weight of 0.477 and the sub-criteria of Perception and participation of campus residents with a weight of 0.509. Furthermore, the overall assessment of the experts has a consistency value below 0.1. This research could be a starting point in developing a Green Campus sustainability strategy through solid waste management.

Solid waste optimization life‐cycle framework in Python (SwolfPy)

This paper describes a novel open-source life-cycle optimization framework for solid waste and sustainable materials management applications named solid waste optimization life-cycle framework in Python (SwolfPy). The current version includes life-cycle models for landfills, mass burn waste-to-energy, gasification, centralized composting, home composting, anaerobic digestion, material recovery facilities, refuse-derived fuel facilities, material recycling, transfer stations, and single-family collection. Compared to existing frameworks, SwolfPy streamlines data input/output processes, improves model integration and modularity, provides a wide variety of data visualization and customization, speeds up uncertainty analysis and optimization, and has a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). SwolfPy's GUI allows users to define solid waste management networks and scenarios as well as perform comparative life cycle assessments (LCAs), contribution analyses, uncertainty analyses, and optimization. SwolfPy is implemented in Python using Pandas, NumPy, and SciPy for computational tasks, PySide2 for creating the GUI, and Brightway2 for storing life-cycle inventory data and performing the LCA calculations. SwolfPy is modular and flexible, which enables it to be easily coupled with other packages and to facilitate the addition of new processes, materials, environmental flows and impacts, and methodologies. SwolfPy uses sequential least-squares programming for constrained nonlinear optimization to find systems and strategies that minimize cost or environmental emissions and impacts while meeting user-defined constraints. An illustrative case study with 44 materials, 4 collection processes, and 6 treatment processes is presented, and SwolfPy performs 10,000 Monte Carlo iterations in 16 min and finds optimal solutions in 10–25 min on a Windows 10 machine with a CPU speed of 3.60 GHz and 8 logical processors. This article met the requirements for a Gold-Gold Badge. JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

Economic Feasibility and Sustainability Assessment of Residual Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios in NSW, Australia

This study evaluates the economic cost and sustainability of treating residual municipal solid waste (MSW) through five waste management scenarios. In the baseline scenario (Bsc), all waste was managed through landfilling, while in scenario 1 (Sc1) all waste was treated by incineration. Sc2 employed anaerobic digestion (AD) for food waste and landfilling, and Sc3 treated the waste through AD for food waste, incineration of combustible and plastic wastes, and landfilling. Sc4 treated the waste using AD, incineration, landfilling, and recycling of the plastic waste. The economic cost of waste management scenarios was estimated by calculating different economic variables, such as gate fees, including capital and operating costs, governmental incentives and levies, and also the potential of employed waste treatment technologies for resource recovery. The results revealed that Sc3 has the lowest economic cost of 238.1 mAUD/year, followed by Sc1 (261.9 mAUD/year), while Bsc proved to be the highest cost at 476.1 mAUD/year for MSW treatment. It was noticed that scenarios employing incineration had lower economic costs compared to Bsc and Sc2, mainly because incineration resulted in higher electricity generation and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The sustainability assessment results confirmed that Sc3 had the lowest and Bcs the highest total economic cost and environmental damage.