Solid Waste Management In Nigeria Research Articles

Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal and Management Challenges in Major Cities in Nigeria: A Case Study of Uyo, Nigeria

Open dumpsites are common features in cities in developing countries of the world, Nigeria inclusive. The wastes disposed of in these dumpsites can cause a number of public and environmental health risks including surface and groundwater pollution. The objectives of this research are to examine the causes and challenges facing the disposal and management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in major cities in Nigeria, with a view to proffering sanitary or scientific-based solutions to this problem. The method adopted was in-site observation of notorious dumpsites in the study area, interview with stakeholders, discussion with residents around the dumpsites and review of relevant literatures. The result of the investigation shows that unguided disposal and management of municipal solid waste are basically associated with lack of public awareness programmes, limitation in access to effective policies and enforcement on the part of the people and the government respectively, lack of qualified waste workers, poor funding, lack of biological and mechanical waste treatment plants/facilities, and non-usage of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Schemes and community-based approaches in tackling the problem in an holistic manner. The study suggests new approaches that could be used to achieve sustainable and effective waste disposal and management which would support government’s effort in improving solid waste management in Nigeria.

Economics and Public Health Implications of Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: A Review

Nigeria's population growth as a result of urban techno-economic development and changes in the production and consumption of materials has increased the amount of solid trash produced. The nation's existing waste management procedures are unsustainable and are putting both the environment and the economy in danger. In this research, we evaluate the major elements of the available literature, including waste characterization, waste management techniques, economic impacts of solid waste management as well as the consequences on public health. From the result of the investigation, it was determined that the country's current waste management practices are unsuccessful and that improper solid waste management has a detrimental influence on public health, contributing to diseases like typhoid, cholera, polio, malaria, and yellow fever. Yet, properly managed solid waste can also provide some economic benefits, such as providing industries with raw materials and a means of subsistence for the individuals who are employed in the management process. So, to handle solid waste efficiently, households must be educated on proper disposal methods, and waste management organizations must create recycling facilities.

CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN WATER AROUND MUNICIPAL DUMPSITES IN JOS, BUKURU AND RAYFIELD, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

The impact of solid waste disposal on water quality is gaining importance worldwide due to seepage of toxic metals through the soil into the groundwater. Urbanization, industrialization and changes in our life styles have compounded the problem of solid waste management in Nigeria. Poor waste management threatens the health of humans and animals, particularly those livingclose to these pollution point sources.The study area covers Jos-Bukuru and environs in North Central Nigeria. This study was aimed at investigating the chemical species present in groundwater as a result of the impact of solid waste dumpsites in the study area and to evaluate the contributions of the dumpsites to the chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater around the dumps. Five (5) major dumpsites (Bauchi Road Jos, Rukuba Road Jos, Building Materials Market, Rayfield and Bukuru Town) were sampled for this study. Ten water samples from hand dug wells (two from each site) close to the dumpsites and three controls were collected and analysed for chemical composition and further speciation analysis was conducted on the chemical result to assess the various species present in the waters and possible human health related issues. Results show that the mean values of the pH, temperature, EC, TDS, of the water samples all fall within the WHO permissible limits for portable drinking water. Content of trace elements are generally low in the waters but toxic metal species such as Ba+2, Mn+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, and Pb+2 are common to all the water sources. This study shows that different dumpsites have impacted differently on waters in their different environments. There is the need to curtail the excesses of dumping waste in these areas so as not to add to the exiting contents of toxic metal species in the waters.

Co-production in solid waste management: analyses of emerging cases and implications for circular economy in Nigeria.

Co-production is a paradigm shift from the traditional model of public policymaking and service delivery that advocates for the involvement and participation of end-users of services as co-partaker in the process. In this paper, we examined the emerging models of co-production in solid waste management in Nigeria using a case study methodology. Four cases were purposefully selected for detailed exploration. The results of the analysis show that the involvement of the plurality of the non-state actors in waste management co-production brought in innovation through ICT, financial resources through grants, and increased public awareness. And have also given the service receivers a change of orientation that makes them perceive waste as a source of income rather than all rubbish needed to be discarded. However, possible exploitation of informal waste pickers, unclear business models, and absence of prior arrangement for coming together of both state and non-state actors in designing the service production are challenges to the emerging co-production cases. The current study further shows that the emerging co-production efforts have huge potential in promoting circular economy as it creates a better avenue for the implementation of extended producer responsibility (EPR), the establishment of eco-industrial parks, and safe integration of informal waste recyclers.

Temporal assessment of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria: prospects for circular economy adoption.

This work reviewed the past and current status of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Nigeria towards offering a direction for the future. The past status shows that poor policy regimes, inadequate financing mechanisms, absence of waste data, and abysmal institutional arrangement negatively impacted the MSW management outcomes in the country. At present, few improvements recorded like an increase in the number of landfills, and public-private partnerships have been largely undermined by the continuous upsurge in the urban population and lack of corresponding growth in critical capacities in terms of economic resources, technological advancement, and state-of-the-art urban infrastructures. The current waste generated in cities in Nigeria is calculated as 66,828tonnes per day (TPD) at the total urban population of 106million, while the projected value for 2040 will be 125,473TPD at the urban population of 199million. The current work further discusses prospects and implications for circular economy adoption in solid waste valorization in Nigeria.

Schematic Modelling of Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Nigeria

Waste management has been a major challenge in Nigeria. Waste generation has consistently expanded both in volume and complexity. Literature has shown that Nigeria generates about 25-45million tonnes of waste per annum, most of which are not recycled. The waste management structure largely in operation is a linear system of waste generation, collection/transportation and disposal. Waste management in Nigeria is faced with several challenges including feasible waste management structure. Sadly enough, the ill management of solid waste in the country has impacted on the environment and on human health. It is on this note that the authors decided to review the solid waste structure in Nigeria, with a view to proffering a schematic structure for the actualization of integrated solid waste management in Nigeria. Integrated solid waste management refers to the strategic approach to sustainable management of solid wastes covering all sources and all aspects, covering generation, segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment, recovery and disposal in an integrated manner, with an emphasis on maximizing resource use efficiency. In other words, the proposed structure will encourage the use of waste as a resource, thereby reducing potential health, social and economic impact of ill management. It is recommended that in addition to the implementation of ISWM, integration of the informal waste management sector should be considered

Potential occupational health effects of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria, the case of Lagos and Ibadan

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM), which include generation of wastes, collection, transportation, recycling and reuse, and disposal poses threat to humans especially the waste handlers and managers and the entire ecosystem. In this study, relevant data and information about the health hazards associated with MSWM were gathered using structured questionnaires administered to three different categories of municipal solid waste (MSW) handlers namely; Domestic Waste Handlers (DWHs), Highway Waste Managers (HWMs) and Dumpsite Waste Managers and Scavengers (DWMSs) in Lagos and Ibadan. Site visits and interviews were conducted to evaluate the general health status of the waste managers and the current MSWM practises in the cities. The results showed that personal protective equipment were not used by many of the managers; wastes were not segregated at the point of generation and/or collection, waste from different sources such as industrial, agricultural, household, commercial etc., some of which contained hazardous materials were codisposed in open dumpsites. Thus, exposure of solid waste managers to hazardous substances in the waste stream was apparent, which might cause diseases such as skin infections among others as a result of improper and unsustainable MSWM. The lack of and none usage of personal protective equipment alongside with the ignorance of the waste handlers may results in occupational health hazards associated with MSWM. These people had suffered for ailments from occupational exposure to toxic, hazardous and infectious substances present in the waste stream. Hence, the needs for proper training, awareness raising and enlightenment of the waste handlers on the risks and health hazards of improper protection and haphazard solid waste management. The need for sustainable and integrated waste management is recommended. Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Health hazard, Dumpsite, Waste handler, Waste management

A Review on the Current Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: Problems and Solutions

The management of MSW is a major concern in several cities of developing countries due to its public health and environmental sustainability implications. This paper thus presents an overview of the current solid waste management practices and problems in some selected states in Nigeria. In addition to the comprehensive review of MSW generation, its characterization, collection, and treatment options in the considered states, an attempt was made to evaluate the major waste–to–energy indicators such as calorific values and energy (electricity) recovery potential. The legislations in place at the federal level to maintain healthy environment is also lucidly presented. An estimated electricity recovery potential in the range of 48.31 to 933.69 MW with a total of about 2600MW from six states was established. Evidences from literature suggested that the existing solid waste management system is inefficient due to uncoordinated and properly planned waste management system. This paper concludes that the thermochemical conversion of waste-to-energy into electricity is a feasible option in Nigeria, although this might require the input of additional quantity of fuel to initiate combustion since the lower heating values of the considered MSW fall below the optimum stipulated by World bank.

The Multifaceted Waste Management Issues in Nigeria: Lagos State as a Case Study.

Nigeria is presently experiencing adverse pollution as a result of lack of proper waste management and diverse industrial activities within its environs. The repercussion of this has consequently led to the deplorable state of the environment as well as the low quality of health amongst Nigerians. Solid waste management has become a huge and complex problem due to geometric population growth, urbanization, and industrialization and the rising standard of living. It is evident that solid waste management in Nigeria is plagued with inefficient collection methods, insufficient coverage of the collection system, improper disposal of wastes, lack of institutional coordination, insufficient financial resources, the absence of enforceable regulations and standards, and inappropriate technology. It is therefore pertinent to state that laws and policies, as well as the institutional, political, socio-cultural, financial, economic and technical aspects of solid waste management, should be accorded the requisite attention. This paper points out the health hazards of the wrongful emission of toxic gases as a result of waste burning, the legal framework in place to tackle this menace and the modern and sustainable approach to waste management in Lagos State and Nigeria as a whole.

Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: Problems, Prospects, and Policies

Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: Problems, Prospects, and Policies

Impact of Dumpsites on the Quality of Soil and Groundwater in Satellite Towns of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria.

Background.Urbanization, industrialization and changes in consumption patterns have compounded the problem of solid waste management in Nigeria. Poor waste management threatens the well-being and health of the local population, particularly those living adjacent to dumpsites.Objectives.An assessment of the impact of dumpsites in a satellite town of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria was carried out to determine the level of biophysical/chemical parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity, nutrients (calcium and magnesium), heavy metals (lead, chromium, zinc), and microbial burden) on the quality of soil and groundwater and their impact on health and the environment.Methods.Soil and ground water samples were collected in four different dumpsites (Bwari, Gwagwalada, Kuje and Azhatta) with reference samples taken from the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, and taken to the laboratory for biophysical/chemical analysis using standard methods.Results.The results were compared with the national and World Health Organization (WHO) standard limits for soil and water respectively. Except for zinc, the average concentrations for heavy metals in the soil samples were higher in all four dumpsites than the permissible levels. Soil and water parameters that exceed the standard limits pose significant health and environment risks to nearby residents.Conclusions.There is a need for raising the awareness of residents living close to dumpsites and those who use the well or nearby streams for domestic activities on the need to carry out adequate water treatment prior to its use.

Plurality of urban governance in Nigeria and its implications on delivery of environmental services

This paper discussed plurality in urban governance in Nigeria and its implication on delivery of urban environmental services, with a focus on water supply, sanitation and solid waste disposal. Conceptually, it explained urban governance as the sum total of the ways of achieving an inclusive city and expressed the urban governance system of Nigeria based the legal framework set for them. The paper explored the environmental implications of urban governance in Nigeria. It concluded that urban governance has several implications on delivery of urban environmental services in Nigeria. The dualism in urban governance is a factor contributing towards inefficient delivery of environmental services such as water supply, sanitation and solid waste management in Nigeria. The paper recommended, among others, a constitutional reform that will guarantee efficient urban governance and delivery of environmental services in Nigeria.

Production Processing for the Beneficiation of Waste Polythylene Product

The large amount of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles/containers and post-consumer sachet water nylon currently generated in Lagos State makes imperative the search for alternative procedures for treating, recycling or reuse of these waste materials. This is because they are not biodegradable and constitute environmental and health threat to the survival of man and other living things. The sustainable approach to municipal solid waste management in Nigeria is being considered. This research work aimed at recycling of post-consumer PET bottles/containers and post-consumer sachet water nylon to produce composite materials for engineering applications and wastes storage bag (wastes bin) respectively. Plastic waste, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles/containers and sachet water nylon coming from the dumpsites in Lagos State in Nigeria were collected, separated, washed, recycled, extruded and characterized. The products obtained were subjected to tests to evaluate their mechanical properties using Introns Tester Model 1122. The results showed that the PET/LDPE blend mechanical properties depend on the processing conditions and apparatus. High processing temperature and high residence times strongly enhance the degradation processes and reduce the mechanical properties, in particular the elongation at break. However, by introducing additives, such as antioxidants, inert fillers and impact modifiers, these mechanical properties are improved and approached those products made from of virgin polyethylene terephthalate. For the recycled sachet water nylon, the results also showed that there was mechanical properties deficiency in the use of recycled resins and that this deficiency could be minimized through adequate blending with virgin resins. In general, provided that optimal reprocessing conditions with suitable additives, the mechanical properties of the recycled resins are near to those of virgin resins.

The review of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria: the current trends

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for every community; and, it is currently a major challenge in Nigeria. This paper provides an overview of the current MSW management trends in Nigeria and proposes new sustainable MSW management systems. Across Nigerian cities, MSW management is characterized by inefficient collection and transportation to disposal sites. Collection services do not reach some unplanned areas and slums due to poor street network. Even some planned areas are not reached by collection services. The informal sector contributes to waste collection, resource recovery and recycling; however, their activities are not recognized by the governments. Markets exist for recovered materials but more efforts need to be geared towards intensive recovery of materials and expansion of these markets. Despite the high proportion of putrescible matter in MSW, the only form of treatment commonly used currently is open burning for volume reduction. The high organic fraction presents a great opportunity for composting and anaerobic digestion. Ultimate disposal is currently done in open dumpsites. This needs to be upgraded to engineered landfills that are properly sited and adequately operated by well trained personnel. There is an emerging waste stream of concern, electronic-waste (e-waste), that requires urgent sustainable management as e-waste are currently co-disposed with other waste streams or burnt in the open posing detrimental health impacts.

Solid Waste Management Trends in Nigeria

<p>The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current trend of solid waste management in Nigeria and to identify the major challenges inhibiting the attainment of sustainable solid waste management in the country. The study relied on a desktop study approach; hence, data were obtained from previous publications relevant to the current study, particularly from peer reviewed publications. Sources such as waste management agencies websites, reports and documents, journal articles, environmental organizations reports and books were also used to obtain information and data.</p><p>It was found that solid waste management is a major concern in the country. Inadequate environmental policies and legislations, low level of environmental awareness, poor funding and inappropriate technology, corruption and unplanned development were some of the challenges facing solid waste management in the country. As a result, the paper concludes that for waste management to work, various aspects of Government services such as engineering, urban planning, Geography, economics, public health and law among others must be brought together under a proper policy to deliver an effective waste management system.</p>

Exploring the Potential of Organic Waste as a Source of Methane Gas for Electricity Generation in Nigeria

Open dumps and ill equipped landfills are some of the characteristics of solid waste management in Nigeria. This paper therefore seeks to investigate the viability of anaerobic digestion as part of an integrated waste management strategy for the city of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. In order to achieve this aim, the paper reviews literature on solid waste management in the study area. Alaboratory experiment was also conducted using organic solid wastefrom Port Harcourt. From the findings, it was revealed that anaerobic digestion could play a major role towards the attainment of sustainable solid waste management in Port Harcourt. The small laboratory sample of 10 grams used for the experiment produced about 0.796 litres of methane gas, means that 1 tonne of organic waste in Port Harcourt will generate about 79600 litres of methane gas with energy equivalent of about 1592000_kj. The paper concluded that in a city like Port Harcourt where several tonnes of solid wastes are produced every day, a substantial amount of methane gas could be recovered for electricity generation. It was therefore recommended that anaerobic digestion should be used in order to boost the electricity capacity of the city whilst also improving the quality of life of the people.

Status of municipal solid waste generation and disposal in Nigeria

Purpose – This paper examined the current status of municipal solid waste management across Nigeria. The core aspects covered are generation, characterization, collection, scavenging, open dumping, disposal and environmental implications of poor solid waste management. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – This study was executed by a combination of an extensive literature search and field study. Solid waste generation rates for 31 Nigerian cities were obtained from literature. In addition, characteristics of municipal solid waste from 26 Nigerian cities were also obtained from literature. Other aspects such as characterization of solid waste obtained from final dumpsite and heavy metals accumulation in solid waste dumpsites were undertaken first hand. Findings – Solid waste generation rate was found to vary from 0.13 kg/capita/day in Ogbomosho to 0.71 kg/capita/day in Ado-Ekiti. Factors affecting solid waste generation rates were identified. Typically, food waste was found to constitute close to 50 percent of overall municipal solid waste in Nigerian cities. This study shows that the rate of generation of plastics, water proof materials and diapers has assumed an upward trend. Due to the dysfunctional state of many municipal waste management authorities, many cities have been overrun by open dumps. For instance, more than 50 percent of residents of Maiduguri in northern Nigeria and Ughelli in southern Nigeria dispose of their waste in open dumps. Indiscriminate disposal of waste has also resulted in the preponderance of toxic heavy metals in agricultural soils and consequent bioaccumulation in plants as well as groundwater contamination. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this research is municipal waste management authorities do not have relevant data. Hence, there was heavy reliance on published materials. The status of waste management in Nigeria is very deplorable and therefore poses serious threats to public and environmental health. There is urgent need for both government and individuals to adopt holistic and sustainable waste management strategies in order to safeguard public/environmental health. Practical implications – Findings from this paper can form a veritable resource for the formulation and implementation of sustainable municipal solid waste management framework and strategies in Nigeria. Originality/value – While most studies on municipal solid waste management in Nigeria are focussed on selected cities of interest, this particular study cuts across most cities of Nigeria in order to present a broader and holistic view of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria. The paper has also unraveled core municipal solid waste management challenges facing Nigerian cities.

Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: A case study of Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti state.

Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: A case study of Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti state.

Adopting Broadcast Media Sensitization Campaigns for Solid Waste Management

Attitude can be associated as one of the fundamental problems with solid waste management. Poor public attitudes of improper waste disposal as well as lack of self-consciousness of a clean environment constitute one of the greatest problems of solid waste management in Nigeria. Broadcast media can help to influence people’s attitudes. Heavy dependency and exposure to the media tend to shape people’s beliefs, attitudes and perceptions about solid waste management. This study examines media sensitization campaigns for solid waste management in two cities and states in Nigeria. Using the instrument of questionnaire to elicit data from respondents, the study showed that the broadcast media have carried out sensitization campaigns on solid waste management, but the extent and inhabitants’ attitudes towards solid waste management were poor. It is recommendable to have regular but aggressive sensitization campaigns on solid waste management by the broadcast media, which as a matter of importance, should be concerned of all stakeholders in environmental management.

Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: A case study of IkereEkiti, Ekiti state.

Following apparent increase in population and with a corresponding increase in solid waste generation in Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State of Nigeria, this study was initiated to assess the level of environmental pollution and potential impact of wastes. Health risk assessment was determined by a survey of existing facilities for solid waste management. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses of decomposing waste, soil, and well water were carried out using standard procedures. Prevalent bacteria besides fungi isolated from solid waste, soil, and well water were Staphylococcus 36(25.85%), Escherichia 49 (19.61%), Pseudomonas 40 (34.11%) and each of Shigella/Salmonella 32 (21.82%), respectively. Solid waste followed by soil, had the highest count at 5% level of probability. These findings, coupled with the high aerial bacterial counts, indicate a high risk of microbial infection from the waste dump. There is also a high risk of diseases and potential destruction of biodiversity from toxic chemicals from the waste. All the physicochemical attributes determined were within the consent limits except the heavy metal levels in leachate. In view of the economy and high technology involved, it is recommended that both governments and private sectors should review the present waste management practice in relation to traditional methods.