Solid State Physics Laboratory Research Articles

Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect rodent lungs from hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation

BackgroundCerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are effective at quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell culture and animal models. Although nanoceria reportedly deposit in lungs, their efficacy in conferring lung protection during oxidative stress remains unexplored. Thus, the study evaluated the protective efficacy of nanoceria in rat lung tissue during hypobaric hypoxia.MethodsA total of 48 animals were randomly divided into four equal groups (control [C], nanoceria treated [T], hypoxia [H], and nanoceria treated plus hypoxia [T+H]). Animals were injected intraperitoneally with either a dose of 0.5 μg/kg body weight/week of nanoceria (T and T+H groups) or vehicle (C and H groups) for 5 weeks. After the final dose, H and T+H animals were challenged with hypobaric hypoxia, while C and T animals were maintained at normoxia. Lungs were isolated and homogenate was obtained for analysis of ROS, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, protein carbonylation, and 4-hydroxynonenal-adduct formation. Plasma was used for estimating major inflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intact lung tissues were fixed and both transmission electron microscopy and histopathological examinations were carried out separately for detecting internalization of nanoparticles as well as altered lung morphology.ResultsSpherical nanoceria of 7–10 nm diameter were synthesized using a microemulsion method, and the lung protective efficacy of the nanoceria evaluated during hypobaric hypoxia. With repeated intraperitoneal injections of low micromole concentration, we successfully localized the nanoceria in rodent lung without any inflammatory response. The lung-deposited nanoceria limited ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione oxidation, and prevented oxidative protein modifications like nitration and carbonyl formation during hypobaric hypoxia. We also observed reduced lung inflammation in the nanoceria-injected lungs, supporting the anti-inflammatory properties of nanoceria.ConclusionCumulatively, these results suggest nanoceria deposit in lungs, confer protection by quenching noxious free radicals during hypobaric hypoxia, and do not evoke any inflammatory response.

Electron-avalanche amplifier based on the electronic Venturi effect

Scattering of otherwise ballistic electrons far from equilibrium is investigated in a cold two-dimensional electron system. The interaction between excited electrons and the degenerate Fermi liquid induces a positive charge in a nanoscale region which would be negatively charged for diffusive transport at local thermal equilibrium. In a three-terminal device we observe avalanche amplification of electrical current, resulting in a situation comparable to the Venturi effect in hydrodynamics. Numerical calculations using a random phase approximation are in agreement with our data and suggest Coulomb interaction as the dominant scattering mechanism.

English

Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to infrared imaging using uncooled microbolometer detectors, primarily because of their low cost, and wide military and civilian applications. This paper reviews the basic principles of these detectors and some of the important works done internationally in this field. This paper presents some of the research work on titanium microbolometer carried out at Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi. Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(6), pp.580-589 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1562

A thermoacoustic device for sound reproduction

Many current research efforts focus on alternative electroacoustic transduction devices having no moving parts, in order to achieve sufficient audio performance from compact solid state devices. Thermoacoustic loudspeakers are transducers based on the conversion of A/C current signals to thermal energy, causing a local fluctuation of air pressure which generates acoustic waves. A thermoacoustic actuator does not involve any movement of solid components in order to generate an acoustic wave and it is based on a mechanism of a "virtual" piston produced by vibrating air molecules via alternating heat transfer to the medium. This work examines such novel and alternative audio transduction technologies based on a novel hybrid thermoacoustic transducer prototype which was developed at the University of Patras through the cooperation between Audio and Acoustic Technology Group and Solid State Physics Laboratory. This hybrid solid state device without moving parts is based on the thermoacoustic method of sound reproduction and preliminary measurements of its performance are presented. The theoretical principles of these systems are also simulated, resulting into comparisons with the measured performance of the prototype.

Some recent advances in bulk growth of mercury cadmium telluride crystals

The inherent metallurgical problems associated with the HgTe/CdTe pseudobinary alloy system render the standard crystal growth processes inapplicable to the preparation of mercury cadmium telluride crystals for infrared detector applications. A variety of rather nonconventional techniques have been developed to overcome these problems. Two such techniques, viz. asymmetrical Bridgman and horizontal casting for solid-state recrystallization, developed at Solid State Physics Laboratory for the bulk growth of mercury cadmium telluride crystals are reviewed in this communication.Due to the poor thermal conductivity of mercury cadmium telluride melts and solids, and the use of thick-walled quartz ampuoles, it is extremely difficult to obtain a flat solid-liquid interface during Bridgman growth of this material. The technique of asymmetrical Bridgman has been successful in overcoming this problem to a great extent. Solid-state recrystallization has been widely accepted as one of the most successful techniques for obtaining large quantities of acceptable-quality mercury cadmium telluride crystals for infrared detector applications. This is a two-step process—the melt is first quenched to obtain a good cast, which is then subjected to a grain-growth annealing. The horizontal casting procedure developed for solid state recrystallization growth has been successful in improving the overall quality and yield of bulk mercury cadmium telluride crystals.

Ultrasonic investigation of titanium-substituted lithium—magnesium ferrites

physica status solidi (a)Volume 148, Issue 1 p. K17-K21 Short Note Ultrasonic investigation of titanium-substituted lithium—magnesium ferrites Y. Purushotham, Y. Purushotham Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Search for more papers by this authorNitendar Kumar, Nitendar Kumar Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorPran Kishan, Pran Kishan Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorP. Venugopal Reddy, P. Venugopal Reddy Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Search for more papers by this author Y. Purushotham, Y. Purushotham Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Search for more papers by this authorNitendar Kumar, Nitendar Kumar Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorPran Kishan, Pran Kishan Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorP. Venugopal Reddy, P. Venugopal Reddy Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Search for more papers by this author First published: 16 March 1995 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211480135Citations: 10 Hyderabad 500007, India. Lucknow Road, Delhi 110054, India. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume148, Issue116 March 1995Pages K17-K21 RelatedInformation

Thermopower and electrical conductivity of titanium substituted magnesium ferrites

physica status solidi (a)Volume 140, Issue 2 p. K89-K94 Short Note Thermopower and electrical conductivity of titanium substituted magnesium ferrites Y. Purushotham, Y. Purushotham Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Search for more papers by this authorV. D. Reddy, V. D. Reddy Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Search for more papers by this authorD. R. Sagar, D. R. Sagar Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorPran Kishan, Pran Kishan Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorP. Venugopal Reddy, P. Venugopal Reddy Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this author Y. Purushotham, Y. Purushotham Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Search for more papers by this authorV. D. Reddy, V. D. Reddy Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Search for more papers by this authorD. R. Sagar, D. R. Sagar Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorPran Kishan, Pran Kishan Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorP. Venugopal Reddy, P. Venugopal Reddy Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this author First published: 16 December 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211400238Citations: 9 Hyderabad 500 007, India Delhi 110 054, India AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume140, Issue216 December 1993Pages K89-K94 RelatedInformation

Growth of large diameter lithium niobate single crystals by czochralski method

Abstract An attractive combination of piezoelectric and optical properties has made lithium niobate one of the most extensively studied materials. Nowadays, application of these crystals in various fields such as acoustic wave propagation, electro-optic light modulation, optical second harmonic generation and parametric oscillation demands the bulk single crystal production. Solid State Physics Laboratory has grown large diameter (2 inch) lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single crystals successfully. Colourless, transparent, good optical quality crystals weighing up to 1.3 kg have been grown by Czochralski method. A computer controlled crystal puller equipped with R.F. heating has been used to pull these crystals from melt. An after heater wound with Kanthal A1 wire has been used. The growth parameter to develop crack free, good optical quality crystals have been optimized and will be discussed in detail. Grown crystals were sliced into 1 mm thick wafer and polished. Grown crystal surfaces were observed through o...

Luminescence of the Divalent Lead Ion in Barium Fluoride Crystals

physica status solidi (b)Volume 148, Issue 1 p. K77-K81 Short Note Luminescence of the Divalent Lead Ion in Barium Fluoride Crystals P. Schotanus, P. Schotanus Department of Applied Physics, Radiation Technology Group, Delft University of Technology Search for more papers by this authorC. W. E. van Eijk, C. W. E. van Eijk Department of Applied Physics, Radiation Technology Group, Delft University of Technology Search for more papers by this authorG. Blasse, G. Blasse Physics Laboratory, University of Utrecht Search for more papers by this authorH. W. Den Hartog, H. W. Den Hartog Solid State Physics Laboratory, University of Groningen Search for more papers by this author P. Schotanus, P. Schotanus Department of Applied Physics, Radiation Technology Group, Delft University of Technology Search for more papers by this authorC. W. E. van Eijk, C. W. E. van Eijk Department of Applied Physics, Radiation Technology Group, Delft University of Technology Search for more papers by this authorG. Blasse, G. Blasse Physics Laboratory, University of Utrecht Search for more papers by this authorH. W. Den Hartog, H. W. Den Hartog Solid State Physics Laboratory, University of Groningen Search for more papers by this author First published: 1 July 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221480157Citations: 11 Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands. POB 80.000, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Melkweg 1, NL-9718 EP Groningen, The Netherlands. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume148, Issue11 July 1988Pages K77-K81 RelatedInformation

Thin Films for M.I.C. Applications

The general technology of microwave integrated circuits is reviewed. The results of the typical copper and gold thin-film metallization processes on ceramic substrates for MIC work, developed at Solid State Physics Laboratory Delhi, are briefly discussed. Work on the development of thin-film lumped element components is described. Finally, new trend on the multilayer metallization system and fine-line technology is reported.

Adiabatic Anderson‐Grüneisen Function of Some Ionic Halides

physica status solidi (b)Volume 101, Issue 1 p. K47-K50 Short Note Adiabatic Anderson-Grüneisen Function of Some Ionic Halides C. L. Gupta, C. L. Gupta Solid State Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Lucknow University On leave from the Department of Physics, K. S. Saket Post Graduate College, Faizabad (U.P.), India.Search for more papers by this authorM. N. Sharma, M. N. Sharma Solid State Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Lucknow University Search for more papers by this author C. L. Gupta, C. L. Gupta Solid State Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Lucknow University On leave from the Department of Physics, K. S. Saket Post Graduate College, Faizabad (U.P.), India.Search for more papers by this authorM. N. Sharma, M. N. Sharma Solid State Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Lucknow University Search for more papers by this author First published: 1 September 1980 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221010156Citations: 2 52 University Road, Lucknow 226007, India. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume101, Issue11 September 1980Pages K47-K50 RelatedInformation

Compositional characterization of the Hg1−xCdx Te alloy system

physica status solidi (a)Volume 60, Issue 2 p. K105-K108 Short Note Compositional characterization of the Hg1−xCdx Te alloy system B. B. Sharma, B. B. Sharma Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorS. K. Mehta, S. K. Mehta Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorV. V. Agashe, V. V. Agashe Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this author B. B. Sharma, B. B. Sharma Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorS. K. Mehta, S. K. Mehta Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this authorV. V. Agashe, V. V. Agashe Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi Search for more papers by this author First published: 16 August 1980 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210600240Citations: 8 Lucknow Road, Delhi 110007, India. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume60, Issue216 August 1980Pages K105-K108 RelatedInformation

Flip Chip Bonding

Flip chip bonding is one of the new bonding techniques introduced in the past few years to overcome the problems of high labour cost and limited reliability associated with conventional (chip & wire) bonding. The major part of flip chip bonding is the formation of ‘Bumps’ on the conventionally produced silicon monolithic chip. The techniques for fabrication of ‘Aluminium Bumps’ and ‘Solder Bumps’ have been tried at Solidstate Physics Laboratory and are described.

NMR study of V2O5 lattice deformation in the semiconductor systems V2O5-MoO3 and V2O5-WO3

physica status solidi (a)Volume 26, Issue 2 p. K145-K148 Short Note NMR study of V2O5 lattice deformation in the semiconductor systems V2O5-MoO3 and V2O5-WO3 M. Coldea, M. Coldea Isotope and Solid State Physics Laboratory, University of ClujSearch for more papers by this authorL. Stanescu, L. Stanescu Isotope and Solid State Physics Laboratory, University of ClujSearch for more papers by this authorI. Ardelean, I. Ardelean Isotope and Solid State Physics Laboratory, University of ClujSearch for more papers by this author M. Coldea, M. Coldea Isotope and Solid State Physics Laboratory, University of ClujSearch for more papers by this authorL. Stanescu, L. Stanescu Isotope and Solid State Physics Laboratory, University of ClujSearch for more papers by this authorI. Ardelean, I. Ardelean Isotope and Solid State Physics Laboratory, University of ClujSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 December 1974 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210260255Citations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume26, Issue216 December 1974Pages K145-K148 RelatedInformation

Stability of the tetrahedral phase in CuGeSe system: B. B. Sharma and Hari Singh. Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi-110007, India

Stability of the tetrahedral phase in CuGeSe system: B. B. Sharma and Hari Singh. Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi-110007, India

Effect of artificial ageing on the Hall effect in palladium films

physica status solidi (a)Volume 14, Issue 1 p. K31-K34 Short Note Effect of artificial ageing on the Hall effect in palladium films† Ramesh Chander, Ramesh Chander Solid State Physics Laboratory, DelhiSearch for more papers by this author Ramesh Chander, Ramesh Chander Solid State Physics Laboratory, DelhiSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 November 1972 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210140151Citations: 4 † The work was done by the author when he was at the National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-12, India. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume14, Issue116 November 1972Pages K31-K34 RelatedInformation

Vibrational and electronic spectra of alkali halides doped with CrO 2-4 ions : S.C. Jain, A.V.R. Warrier and S.K. Agarwal, Solid State Physics Laboratory, Lucknow Road, Delhi-7, India

<dm:abstracts xmlns:dm="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/dm/dtd"><ce:abstract xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" view="all" class="author" id="aep-abstract-id10"><ce:section-title>Publisher Summary</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec view="all" id="aep-abstract-sec-id11"><ce:simple-para id="fsabs020" view="all">This chapter elaborates the magnetic properties of novel carbon allotropes. The polyhedral molecules of fullerene, C<ce:inf loc="post">60</ce:inf>, undergo cross-linking reactions when annealed at pressures to form a variety of crystalline polymers with layered structures. These polymerized fullerenes (poly-Cm) demonstrate ferromagnetic behavior only when prepared in a relatively narrow range of synthesis conditions. This indicates that the process of formation of a ferromagnetic phase may be related to the occurrence of the defects due to cage opening. It is also feasible that the weak bonds between polyhedra are readily broken, and can act as the spin centers. The possibility of magnetic centers arising in defective polyhedral cages was examined in a study that modeled <ce:italic>poly</ce:italic>-C<ce:inf loc="post">60</ce:inf> using a combination of reactive force field molecular dynamics and hybrid-exchange density functional theory. The calculations showed that it was particularly favorable for hydrogen to bind at one of the three types of spin centre in this particular defect, and that the perturbation introduced by hydrogen quenched the antiferro coupling pathway selectively, leading to ferromagnetism with moment.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></dm:abstracts>

Germanium Epitaxial Tunnel Diodes

The present paper describes the work done concerning the development of germanium epitaxial tunnel diodes in the Solid State Physics Laboratory. The technique consists essentially of growing a thin layer of P+ germanium on N+ substrates. Scribing and mesa etching of epitaxially grown slices yield a number of identical devices from one slice. This is a great advantage over the alloying technique where each diode has to be individually fabricated. The paper describes the liquid epitaxial growth technique employed and the mesa etching technique which has yielded tunnel diodes in various peak-current ranges. Results on tunnel diode units obtained are discussed.

Ionic Conductivity of Pure and Ba2+ ‐Doped CsCl

physica status solidi (b)Volume 29, Issue 1 p. K43-K45 Short Note Ionic Conductivity of Pure and Ba2+ -Doped CsCl H. Weijma, H. Weijma Solid State Physics Laboratory, GroningenSearch for more papers by this authorB. R. Knottnerus, B. R. Knottnerus Solid State Physics Laboratory, GroningenSearch for more papers by this author H. Weijma, H. Weijma Solid State Physics Laboratory, GroningenSearch for more papers by this authorB. R. Knottnerus, B. R. Knottnerus Solid State Physics Laboratory, GroningenSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1968 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.19680290157Citations: 7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume29, Issue11968Pages K43-K45 RelatedInformation

GaPGaAs np Hetero junctions

physica status solidi (b)Volume 24, Issue 1 p. K57-K60 Short Note GaPGaAs np Hetero junctions R. K. Purohit, R. K. Purohit Solid State Physics Laboratory, DelhiSearch for more papers by this author R. K. Purohit, R. K. Purohit Solid State Physics Laboratory, DelhiSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1967 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.19670240155Citations: 12AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume24, Issue11967Pages K57-K60 RelatedInformation