Solid Organic Fertilizer Research Articles

Analysis of value-added and operational development strategy for IKM Rumah Kompos Masaro (TPS 3R Bulila) in Telaga District, Gorontalo Regency.

Talumelito Gorontalo landfill capacity is 75% filled. The only TPS 3R that processes organic waste in Gorontalo Regency is TPS 3R Bulila or IKM Rumah Kompos Masaro. IKM Rumah Kompos Masaro collaborates with PT. Masaro produces solid organic fertilizer from the leaves and twigs of the Bulila community. This research aims to calculate added value and analyze strategies for developing operational waste management at the IKM Rumah Kompos Masaro. This research uses qualitative-quantitative descriptive methods, such as direct observation techniques, interviews, and distributing questionnaires. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method. Based on the analysis of added value calculations using the modified Hayami method, it is known that the compost product produced by IKM Rumah Kompos Masaro has an added value of IDR. 563.1 per kg of compost, with a ratio of 47%, which is relatively high. Twelve development strategies that can be implemented to optimize the operations of Rumah Kompos Masaro IKM were formulated using the SWOT method. The highest priority strategy based on the QSPM method analysis is strategy one: carry out innovative outreach regarding waste management so that it can attract public interest and participation.

Utilization of cow dung for biogas to improve livestock breeders and MSME entrepreneurs' economy

Sriwulan Village, located in Limbangan District, Kendal Regency, is home to both cattle farmers and several Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The village has a farmer group named Ngudi Kawruh, managing around 20 cows. However, cow dung in the area has become a source of air pollution, and the four MSMEs still rely on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for production. One effective solution to this issue is converting cow dung into biogas, which offers both environmental and economic benefits. This community service program aims to introduce appropriate technology for processing cow dung into biogas using biodigesters. The biogas is stored in portable containers, such as truck inner tires, while the biodigester output, in the form of slurry, is utilized as solid organic fertilizer. The program provides education on these concepts through posters, videos, demonstrations, and YouTube links to ensure broad community understanding. By implementing this technology, the program not only addresses environmental concerns and reduces dependence on LPG but also significantly enhances the economic potential of both the villagers and MSME entrepreneurs, promoting sustainable development.

Processing Livestock Waste into Organic Fertilizer in the Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Rare Angon Goat Farming in Temesi Village, Gianyar Regency

The community partnership program at Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Rare Angon Goat Farming aims to increase the productivity of goat livestock to support livestock and agricultural businesses in partner groups, especially in terms of providing a technological touch in processing livestock and agricultural waste into solid and liquid organic fertilizer of high quality and economic value.Goat farming is one of the livestock commodities that produce meat and milk which has great potential to be developed Target What is achieved from the activity is that partners can look after goats well and can independently make quality organic fertilizers that have economic value. Apart from that, an increase in the economic value of livestock waste was also achieved by up to 20%. The able in this activity is This activity is also able to reduce environmental pollution by up to 40%

Response of N uptake, N-total and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) due to fertilization with granulated solid organic fertilizer and NPK in Inceptisol soil

Sweet corn productivity is greatly influenced by proper cultivation techniques, of which fertilization is one of the main factors. Effective fertilization not only supports plant growth but also affects nutrient uptake and yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of granulated solid organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on nitrogen (N) uptake, soil N-total content, and sweet corn yield in Inceptisol soil. The research was conducted from February to June 2024 at the Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University with treatments including control, NPK fertilizer, and various combinations of granular organic fertilizer and NPK. The results showed that the combination of granule organic fertilizer and NPK significantly increased nitrogen uptake and N-total content in the soil compared to the single NPK application. In addition, sweet corn yield, as measured by cob weight per plant, per plot, and per hectare, also increased significantly with the fertilizer combination treatment. This study supports the use of fertilization strategies that integrate organic and inorganic fertilizers as an effective way to increase sweet corn productivity on soils with limited fertility, such as Inceptisol. The application of a combination of 1 NPK + 1 granulated organic fertilizer was the best combination in increasing N uptake, N-total and sweet corn yield.

Peningkatan Perekonomian Peternak Melalui Pengolahan Limbah

Bondowoso Regency is a center for sheep farming in Indonesia. The establishment of a sheep breeding center in Indonesia has resulted in a large sheep population in Bondowoso Regency. Sheep farming not only produces meat, but also by-products such as wool and waste. Waste that is not utilized properly can cause environmental pollution. One of the villages in Bondowoso Regency which has many sheep farms is Prajekan Kidul Village. The PPK Ormawa Team of the Breeder Study Program Student Association (HIMAPROSTER) Jember University empowered farmers in processing sheep manure waste into solid organic fertilizer. The methods used in this program are focus group discussions, socialization, counseling, practice, mentoring and activity evaluation. After this activity can provide a solution to the problem of livestock waste waste in Prajekan Kidul Village. It is also able to improve the economy of farmers thanks to the sale of solid organic fertilizer.

Growth improvement of immature quinine by applying coffee husk compost and biofertilizer

The growth of immature Cinchona ledgeriana can be optimized by applying fertilizers to fill the nutritional needs of plants. Nutrients can be provided through the help of microorganisms derived from organic fertilizers and biofertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying coffee husk compost and biofertilizer consortium on the growth of immature quinine plants. This research was conducted from November 2023 – January 2024 at Gambung Tea and Cinchona Research Center, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The research used a randomized block design with four replications and six treatments, namely control (Urea 17 g.plant-1 + SP36 8 g.plant-1 + KCl 4 g.plant-1); solid coffee husk compost 3 kg.plant-1; liquid coffee husk compost 80 mL.L-1; biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1; solid coffee husk compost 3 kg.plants-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1; and liquid coffee husk compost 80 mL.L-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1. The results showed applying organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste and biofertilizer improved the growth of immature quinine plants. Combination of liquid organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste 80 mL.L-1 water + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1 water produced a high increase in leaf area. Combination of solid organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste 3 kg. plants-1 + biofertilizer 10 mL.L-1 water showed the highest plant height increment. It implied the success of quinine improvement growth at the immature phase by applying coffee husk waste and biofertilizers.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Bisnis AgroEcofarm pada Kelompok P4S Tani Makmur Jaya

Gogodeso Village consists of settlements, moorland, people's plantations, rice fields with a village area of 383 Ha. In general, livelihoods are identified into several sectors, namely agriculture (mostly), services/trade, industry and others. One of the farmer empowerment programs is the Tani Makmur Jaya Self-Help Agricultural and Rural Training Center (P4S). In its activities, P4S consistently and routinely develops organic farming, one of which is making organic fertilizer and carrying out healthy cultivation practices. However, they experienced problems with production, management and human resources and marketing. The implementation methods used are: (1) Planning (2) Administrative preparation and team coordination (3) Socialization of Organic Fertilizer (4) Training in Making Organic Fertilizer (5) Management and marketing training (6) Mentoring (7) Supervising related production activities and post-production (8) Evaluation (9) Program sustainability. Community-based empowerment activities in increasing the capacity of AgroEcofarm-based businesses at P4S Tani Makmur Jaya can run smoothly, including the transfer of organic fertilizer technology, transfer of business management and human resources and transfer of marketing branding. In making fertilizer, production can be increased by 2000 bottles of POC/year and 2000 sacks/year of solid organic fertilizer respectively. Apart from that, there are new brands for P4S fertilizer, namely POC Orchomi and Biokosh for solid organic fertilizer.

Residues of veterinary antibiotics in solid natural and organic fertilizers-method development and sample analysis.

Livestock excrement is used around the world as natural fertilizers or, after processing, as organic fertilizers for crops and grasslands. But due to the presence of veterinary antibiotics in them, they may pose a threat not only to the natural environment, mainly to soil microorganisms, but also to human and animal health. This article describes a method for detecting 21 antibacterial substances in solid natural and organic fertilizers. Antibiotics from fertilizers were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and McIlvain-Na2EDTA buffer, twice. The extracts were purified by solid phase extraction technique on Strata-X cartridges and analyzed with the use UHPLC-MS/MS technique. The method was validated in accordance with EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2021/808; the obtained recovery ranged from 93.6 to 116.6% (depending on the analytes), and the linearity ranged from 50 to 1000µg/kg. The developed method was used to analyze 73 samples of solid natural and organic fertilizers. Our research has shown that over 38% of natural fertilizers were contaminated with antibiotics, mainly doxycycline in concentrations reaching several dozen milligrams per kilogram of fertilizers. In the case of processed organic fertilizers, the presence of antibiotics was found in over 37% of the analyzed samples. The research results showed that the developed and validated analytical method may be useful for assessing the presence and content of antibacterial substances in solid natural and organic fertilizers.

PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR ECENG GONDOK TERHADAP HASIL CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescent L.)

ABSTRACTLiquid organic fertilizer (LOF) is proven to be more effective than solid organic fertilizer because nutrient mineralization is more efficient, so nutrients are quickly available for plants. Water hyacinth, as a water weed, turns out to have many functions. Besides being able to become a biofilter by absorbing chemical compounds in polluted water, the accumulation results also contain mineral compounds that are useful for increasing plant yields. Therefore, it is necessary to review the results of applying LOF made from water hyacinth to cayenne pepper plants. This study aims to analyze the effect of various doses of water hyacinth extract on the yield of cayenne pepper. This study uses a non-factorial experimental method, a complete random design (CRD), with an analysis model of LSD test (Least Significant Difference Test) α 5%. There are 4 treatments, namely, 0 ml, 40 ml, 60 ml, and 80 ml, with 5 replications. The parameters observed are the number of fruits, the fruit weight, and the wet weight of the plant. The results showed that the water hyacinth LOF has a pH of 7, doesn’t sting, and is light brown. The best treatment for P3 or 80 ml of water hyacinth POC is that the average number of fruits is 10 seeds, the average weight of fruit is 2.04 grams, and the average wet weight of plants is 46.9 grams.

TOTAL BAKTERI DAN KOLIFORM PADA MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN MAGGOT Black Soldier Fly KOMBINASI FESES SAPI PERAH, ENDAPAN SUSU DAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DAPUR

Livestock industry waste and kitchen waste contain high levels of organic matter and are dangerous if not managed properly. To overcome this problem, bioconversion can be carried out using BSF maggot. This research aims to determine whether the growth media after being degraded by BSF maggots still contains bacteria and coliform that meet the requirements for solid organic fertilizer Kepmentan No. 261 Tahun 2019. The research was carried out experimentally with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. Treatment consists of P0 = 100% organic kitchen waste, P1 = 50% dairy cow feces and 50% organic kitchen waste, P2 = 50% milk sludge and 50% organic kitchen waste, P3 = 33,33% dairy cow feces, milk sludge 33,33% and kitchen organic waste 33,33%. The data was analyzed using a paired t-test. The results for total bacteria and coliform before and after degradation of BSF maggot experienced a significant decrease (P<0,05) and fulfilled the requirements for Escherichia coli in the coliform group with a total of <102 MPN/g in the BSF maggot growth media.

Increasing shallot yields by using solid organic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer on dryland

Abstract Palu’s local shallot are very popular because they have a distinctive texture, taste and aroma. This research aims to determine the effect of the dose of cow manure and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of the Palu Valley variety of shallots. The research was carried out in Bulupountu Jaya Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, from May 2023 to September 2023. The research used a randomized block design (RBD) with a factorial pattern. The first factor was the dose of cow manure which consisted of 3 levels, namely: S0 = no cow manure, S1 = 10 tons/ha and S2 = 20 tons/ha. The second factor was the fertilizer concentration. liquid organic which consists of 3 levels, namely: H1= 5 mL/L water and H2= 10 mL/L water, and H3 = 15 mL/L water. Each experimental unit was repeated 3 times so that there were 27 experimental units. The research results showed that there was an interaction between the dose of cow manure and the concentration of herbafarm’s liquid organic fertilizer on plant height, number of leaves, bulb diameter, fresh weight of bulbs and shallot bulb yield per hectare. Cow manure treatment with a dose of 20 tons/ha and a liquid organic fertilizer concentration of 15 mL/L of water gave the highest yield of shallot compared to other treatments.

Kajian Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) dengan Aplikasi Beberapa Jenis Pupuk Kandang

Many livestock waste has not been utilized, and is even left unused, which will harm environmental health. This research aims to determine the effect of types of manure on the growth and yield of Okra plants (Abelmoschus esculantus L.), and to determine the optimum dose of each type of manure as a reference in recommendations for the use of manure for okra plants. . The single factor experiment used a randomized completly block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments repeated 5 times, namely P0 (without drum fertilizer), P1 (cow manure), P2 (chicken manure), and P3 (goat manure). The results of the research showed that cow manure gave the best results even though it was not significantly different from goat manure, with a production of 12.63 tons / hectare, while the smallest effect was even lower than the control, namely the chicken drum manure treatment. In testing manure and compost (solid organic fertilizer) the maturity level must be the same (mature) by looking at the C/N ratio value.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Kelompoktani Melalui Inovasi Teknologi Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Di Kecamatan Janapria Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

During 2013-2019, rice production and cattle population in West Nusa Tenggara Province increased, however, rice productivity tended to decrease. One of the reasons for this decline in rice productivity is the excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers, which causes the soil structure to harden. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the use of non-chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers whose raw materials come from cow dung which is often found in the field. Apart from that, animal feed, especially cows, is actually available around the community, namely in the form of forage from plants. However, management of forage for livestock has not been carried out by many farmers. Based on these problems, this community service activity aims to increase the capacity of farmer-livestock groups to be able to apply technology for making organic fertilizer and feed management. This community service activity was carried out in Saba Village, Janapria District, Central Lombok Regency, where there is quite a lot of agricultural waste potential available. Implementation of activities includes: outreach, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), training, and practice in making organic fertilizer and managing animal feed. The target of the activity was 30 members of the farmer-livestock group in Janapria District. The output of the activity is increasing farmers' knowledge, skills and attitudes in organic fertilizer production technology; as well as the production of solid organic fertilizer (compost), liquid organic fertilizer and animal feed from agricultural waste. Output in the academic aspect is in the form of writing in journals or seminar proceedings. The evaluation results using statistical methods with paired sample t tests in this activity showed that there was a significant increase in farmer-breeder behavior after participating in training activities in making organic fertilizer and making feed. Some farmer-breeders have implemented the results of the training and feel that there are savings in farming costs by using organic fertilizer that they make themselves

PENYULUHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENGOLAHAN KOTORAN TERNAK SAPI DI DUSUN MONGGE-2 MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK PADAT

Mongge-2 Hamlet, one of the hamlets in the Penyangga Village area. Services activity accompanied by assistance in processing livestock manure to produce organic fertilizer to support sustainable integrated farming system in this hamlet. The aim is to empower the community with productive activities through optimizing the potential of natural resources and human resources by involving relevant stakeholders. This service activity will be carried out in 2023, starting with a location survey activity. The next activity is coordinated to determine target communities to be given regular counseling and assistance to produce solid organic fertilizer and how to apply it in the field. After the outreach and mentoring activities are carried out, monitoring, reporting and publication are carried out. The organic fertilizer produced is applied to garden and agricultural cultivation around Mongge-2 Hamlet. This organic fertilizer is expected to play a role in improving the soil and is expected to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and increase the fertility of the media used. so that agricultural products are healthier for consumption. Further research needs to be carried out to determine the content of the organic fertilizer produced and its effect on the growth of agricultural cultivation of certain commodities.

Contaminación de suelos por uso de agroquímicos en cultivos de papaya (Carica papaya), Picota, Perú

The purpose of this research work was to know the contamination of the soil of papaya crops (Carica papaya), by the application of agrochemicals in the control of pests and diseases. Where soil samples were taken from 5 papaya plots (Carica papaya), 15 samples of 1 kg each of soil were extracted, followed by a plot without anthropic intervention of 3 samples to be sent to the laboratory. From the results, the agrochemicals used in papaya (Carica papaya) crops were determined, such as fire herbicides, propanil, hedonal and glyphosate; as insecticides dimethoate and aldrin; as fungicides zineb, mancozeb WP and Champion. It was found that cadmium had the highest concentration of 1.677 mg/kg, followed by lead at 13.297 mg/kg and chromium VI with its maximum concentration of 0.7833 mg/kg. The alternatives as strategies for the use of agrochemicals were catahua resin (Hura crepitans) that acts as a pesticide, cocoa honey water herbicides, solid organic fertilizers (solid chicken manure fertilizer, cattle manure compost, vermicomport, compost of pulp of coffee) and barbasco bark (Lonchpocarpus nicou). It was concluded that the soils of papaya (Carica papaya) crops are contaminated by the excessive use of agrochemicals in the control of pests, diseases, and improvement of production.

PELESTARIAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DESA MULYASARI MELALUI KEGIATAN KULIAH KERJA NYATA UNSIKA

Mulyasari Village is one of the villages in Ciampel sub-district, Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia with a population of 6,817 in 2024. The village has a number of potentials that can be developed, especially in agriculture. However, this potential has not been optimized to the optimum. The Mulyasari Village community still has limitations in developing this potential, and there are still a number of problems that must be given solutions, including the lack of public awareness of waste management, stunting problems, rampant bullying cases, community businesses that have not kept up with the times, the absence of activities for 3 months at the green house in Mulyasari Village, and the absence of a reading corner at the Mulyasari Village preschool. In general, the goal of Singaperbangsa University (UNSIKA) Community Service Program (KKN) in the context of community service is to improve the standard of living of the community through a series of UNSIKA KKN programs and activities implemented by UNSIKA students. The method used in this KKN is an extension method consisting of six stages of activities, namely: 1) Determination of the organizational structure. 2) Observation of KKN partners. 3) Formulation of work programs by adjusting the observation results. 3) Implementation. 4) Evaluation of activities. 5) Final report. The UNSIKA KKN program in Mulyasari Village produced seven excellent programs to improve the level of health, education, economy, and environment of the community in Mulyasari Village. These programs include: 1) Stunting socialization with the provision of PMT. 2) Logo and Social Media creation for Soy Milk UMKM. 3) Literacy learning media for all PAUD in Mulyasari village. 4) Making road signs on several sides of the mulyasari village road. 5) Reviving the Hydroponic Green House. 6) Produce solid and liquid organic fertilizer composter. 7) Conducting anti-bullying and ethics socialization activities for all elementary schools in Mulyasari village. Based on the observations and analysis made by UNSIKA students during the KKN activities, it can be concluded that Mulyasari Village has great potential to be developed. With good and optimal management, these potentials can improve the welfare of the people of Mulyasari Village.

Strategi Pengembangan Padi Organik di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya

The development of organic rice has long been echoed in Indonesia as a sustainable agriculture system to produce healthy food and be environmentally friendly. The lower productivity of organic rice compared to conventional rice, less competitive marketing of organic rice, and limited availability of organic fertilizers in the field are the main reasons for the low adoption and development of organic rice by farmers, such as in the upland organic rice development area in Cipatujah, Tasikmalaya Regency. Socialization of organic rice cultivation techniques through organic fertilizer field schools and organic rice technical culture demonstration plots are efforts to increase farmers' adoption of organic rice. The field school is focused on making good quality organic fertilizer formulations in solid and liquid forms. In contrast, the organic rice cultivation demonstration plot aims to determine the dose of organic fertilizer to support optimal growth and productivity of organic rice plants. The solid organic fertilizer formulation produces good quality organic fertilizer with a pH of 8,54-8,71, C-organic content of 27,87-28,63%, C/N ratio of 18,96 – 21,60, and macronutrient contents (N+P2O5+K2O) of 4,67 – 5,13%. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) formulations have not produced excellent quality LOF, primarily related to the low pH (pH <4) and low macronutrient contents (N+P2O5+K2O) of 0,49-2,16%. The growth of organic rice plants with a dose of 3 tons/ha (organic rice I) and 6 tons/ha (organic rice II) is slower than conventional rice (chemical fertilizer). At the same time, plant growth of organic rice III (dose 9 tons/ha) was better than conventional rice in terms of number of tillers and plant height.

Agronomical Performances of Sequential Planting Pak Choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis L.) as Responses to Weed-based Liquid Organic Fertilizer

The use of weed-based liquid organic fertilizers (LOFs) in organic Pak Choi production was expected to improve the effectiveness of solid organic fertilizers. Sequential vegetable planting has been practiced to improve the viability of the organic vegetable business. This research aimed to determine the effects of weed-based LOF on the yields of sequentially cropped organically grown Pak Choi. Field experiments were conducted in Rejang Lebong Highland, Indonesia, using complete randomized block design with three replicates, The first planting was in May 2021, and the second planting was in June 2021. Treatments were 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm of weed-based LOF. The results indicated that in each growing season the use of weed-based LOF had no effect on leaf number, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and leaf greenness, as well as the N, P, K uptakes of Pak Choi. Nutrient (N, P and K) uptakes of Pak Choi in the second planting were 27.8%, 91.6% and 51.4% lower than those of the first planting, respectively. In addition, shoot fresh weight in the first planting was 56.2% higher than that found in the second planting. Nevertheless, the fresh weight of Pak Choi in both planting seasons was higher than in many studies and that of the Indonesian market standard for Pak Choi.

Vegetable and fruit wastes: Valuable source for organic fertilizer for effective growth of short-term crops: Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum

Agriculture plays a vital role in the food security and economies of Asian countries. Annually, numerous metric tons of vegetable and fruit wastes are disposed of. This research aimed to convert the food wastes encompassing the vegetable and fruit wastes into solid and liquid organic fertilizer and to evaluate their influence on the growth (germination, phytochemicals, and biomolecules) of Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum. Solanum lycopersicum, known as tomato, and Capsicum annum, known as bell pepper or chili pepper, are globally significant crops valued for their medicinal properties and economic importance. The pot experiment was performed with organic fertilizers (solid and liquid organic fertilizer) and compared with the influence of chemical fertilizer and control soil without fertilizers. Interestingly, the liquid organic fertilizer effectively enhanced the biometric profile and chlorophyll content of S. lycopersicum and C. annum Viz., 1.23 mg g−1 and 0.89 mg g−1, respectively. The results of a 30-days pot experiment with various fertilizer treatments showed significant influence of liquid organic fertilizer on the fresh and dry weight biomass of both S. lycopersicum and C. annum. Subsequently, the solid organic fertilizer showed considerable influence on test crops, and the influence of these organic fertilizers was more significant than the chemical fertilizer on crop growth in 30-days experiment. These results suggest that the sustainable approach can effectively convert vegetables and fruit waste into valuable organic fertilizer enriched with plant growth supporting essential nutritional elements.

Analisis Kadar C-Organik Pupuk Organik Padat dari Limbah Bayam

Composting is one way of making organic waste into a new product in the form of humus made from organic waste from plant and animal waste. This research was carried out in July-November 2023 at the final disposal site (TPA) in Pucuk Village, Mojokerto. The aim of this research is to analyze the benefits and content of C-Organic in solid organic fertilizer from spinach waste. The research method was carried out by measuring and analyzing the C-Organic content in fertilizer using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results obtained from research testing the C-Organic content of 6.5% are still relatively low, and do not meet the quality standards of SNI 7763:2018 and Decree of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 261/KPTS/ SR.310/M/4/2019 which states C-organic content of at least 15%.