Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes System Research Articles

Studies on favorable ionic conduction and structural properties of biopolymer electrolytes system-based alginate

In this present work, the investigation of solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs)-based alginate-doped NH4Br was carried out and prepared via casting technique. The SBEs system was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and electrical impedance spectroscopy. Based on IR-analysis, it was shown that the complexation between alginate and NH4Br has occurred based on the changes of peak at COO− group of alginate. The interaction led to the improvement in amorphous phase and thermal stability of SBEs system when NH4Br was added. The ionic conductivity of SBEs system was found to achieve maximum value at 4.41 × 10−5 S/cm when 20 wt. % of NH4Br was added and the value was comparable with other types of polymer electrolytes system. The temperature-dependence ionic conductivity of entire SBEs system obeys Arrhenius behavior where the R2 ~ 1 and present system are thermally assisted. From IR-deconvolution approach, it can be found that the ionic conductivity of alginate-NH4Br SBEs system was governed by ions mobility, μ and diffusion coefficient, D. All these findings imply that present alginate-based SBEs system is potential to be applied in electrochemical devices, i.e., proton battery, supercapacitor and fuel cell.

Studies on structural and ionic transport in biopolymer electrolytes based on alginate-LiBr

The development of solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) system based on alginate doped with LiBr was successfully prepared via solution casting. The structural and ionic conduction of SBEs were conducted to correlate the effect of LiBr in alginate by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and impedance spectroscopy. From the infrared study, SBEs exhibited the occurrence of complexation between lithium-ion and carboxylate ion (COO−) of alginate through the peak intensity and wavenumber shift. The alginate doped with 15 wt.% LiBr achieved the highest ionic conductivity of 7.46 × 10−5 S/cm at ambient temperature, suggesting its good conduction stability as well as amorphous phase. The IR-deconvolution approach revealed that the ionic conductivity of SBEs system is influenced by both the ionic mobility and diffusion coefficient of transport properties. Based on LSV analysis, it’s implies that the present SBEs have the potentiality to be applied in electrochemical devices.

An investigation on the abnormal trend of the conductivity properties of CMC/PVA-doped NH4Cl-based solid biopolymer electrolyte system

The present work was carried out to investigate the abnormal trend of electrochemical properties of solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) system-based carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-doped NH4Cl. The SBEs system was prepared via solution casting technique and analyzed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Complexation was observed with the changes of peaks at 1065 cm−1, 1598 cm−1, 2912 cm−1, and 3396 cm−1 that corresponds to C–O–C, C=O of COO− stretching, C–H stretching, and O–H stretching, respectively, of CMC/PVA blend system upon the addition of NH4Cl. The decrease of the amorphousness and the increase of weight loss demonstrated the abnormal observation of the ionic conductivity when (1–5 wt%) NH4Cl was added in the SBEs system which was lower than the un-doped SBEs system. It was also observed that the highest ionic conductivity at 8.86 × 10−5 Scm−1 was achieved by the sample containing 6 wt% of NH4Cl. The temperature dependence of the SBEs system is found to be governed by the Arrhenius rule. Through the IR deconvolution technique, the conductivity of CMC/PVA-NH4Cl SBEs system was shown to be primarily influenced by the ionic mobility and diffusion coefficient of the ions.

Ionic conduction study of enhanced amorphous solid bio-polymer electrolytes based carboxymethyl cellulose doped NH4Br

The present work deal with the development of enhanced amorphous solid bio-polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) doped ammonium bromide (NH4Br) and plasticized with various composition of ethylene carbonate (EC). The SPEs sample was successfully prepared via solution casting and has been characterized by using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The IR-spectra changes were observed at COO– and C–O-C moiety of the CMC indicate that the interaction had occurred in the SPEs system when EC was added. The highest conducting of the SPEs system at ambient temperature (303K) was achieved at 1.12 × 10−4 S/cm for unplasticized sample and enhanced to 3.31 × 10−3 S/cm when plasticized with 8 wt% EC. The increasing of ionic conductivity of the present system is due to the increment of amorphous nature in CMC SPEs system as revealed from XRD analysis. The ionic conductivity of SPEs system was found to be influenced by number of ions (ƞ), ions mobility (μ) and diffusion coefficient (D) of transport properties based on Rice and Roth approach.

Effect on Ammonium Bromide in dielectric behavior based Alginate Solid Biopolymer electrolytes

This paper present the development of solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) system which has been accomplished by incorporating various composition of ionic dopant namely ammonium bromide (NH4Br) with alginate solution casting method. The prepared sample of SBEs has been analyzed via electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the ionic conductivity at room temperature was increased from 4.67 x 10-7 S cm-1 for un-doped sample to optimum value at 4.41 x 10-5 S cm-1 for composition of 20 wt. % NH4Br. The SBEs system was found to obey the Arrhenius characteristics with R2~1where all sample is thermally activated when increasing temperature. The dielectric behavior of the alginate-NH4Br SBEs system were measured using complex permittivity (ε*) and complex electrical modulus (M*) and shown the non-debye behavior where no single relaxation was found for present SBEs system.

Ionic transport properties of protonic conducting solid biopolymer electrolytes based on enhanced carboxymethyl cellulose - NH4Br with glycerol

The present work investigates the ionic conductivity as well as its transport properties of carboxymethyl cellulose–NH4Br plasticized with various weight percentage of glycerol for solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) prepared by solution-casting technique. It was shown from the FTIR analysis that the complexation transpires at C=O and C–O− from COO− of CMC upon the addition of glycerol into the SBEs system. The highest room temperature ionic conductivity of ~10−3 S cm−1 was achieved at 6 wt.% of glycerol owing to the broadening in the amorphous state as demonstrated in the XRD analysis. The conductivity-temperature plots were found to be in good agreement with the conventional Arrhenius relationship. It was further shown that the conducting element is mainly due to the protonation of H+ where ionic mobility and diffusion coefficient was found to contribute towards the enhancement in the ionic conductivity of SBEs system.

Characterization of un-plasticized and propylene carbonate plasticized carboxymethyl cellulose doped ammonium chloride solid biopolymer electrolytes

Two solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) systems of carboxymethyl cellulose doped ammonium chloride (CMC-AC) and propylene carbonate plasticized (CMC-AC-PC) were prepared via solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity of SBEs were analyzed using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the frequency range of 50Hz–1MHz at ambient temperature (303K). The highest ionic conductivity of CMC-AC SBE is 1.43×10−3S/cm for 16wt.% of AC while the highest conductivity of plasticized SBE system is 1.01×10−2S/cm when added with 8wt.% of PC. TGA/DSC showed that the addition of PC had increased the decomposition temperature compared of CMC-AC SBE. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the occurrence of complexation between the SBE components and it is proved successfully executed by Gaussian software. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that amorphous nature of SBEs. It is believed that the PC is one of the most promising plasticizer to enhance the ionic conductivity and performance for SBE system.

Conductivity and Transport Properties Study of Plasticized Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Based Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes (SBE)

Solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBE) comprising carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with NH4Br-EC were prepared by solution casting method. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and sample containing 25wt. % of NH4Br exhibited the highest room temperature conductivity of 1.12 x 10-4 S/cm for salted CMC based SBE system. The ionic conductivity increased to 3.31 x 10-3 S/cm when 8 wt. % of ethylene carbonate (EC) was added to the highest conductivity. The conductivity-temperature of plasticized SBE system obeys the Arrhenius relation where the ionic conductivity increases with temperature. The influence of EC addition on unplasticized CMC based SBE was found to be dependent on the number and the mobility of the ions. This results revealed that the influence of plasticizer (EC) which was confirmed play the significant role in enhancement of ionic conductivity for SBE system.