Solenocera Crassicornis Research Articles

Length-based assessment of penaeid shrimp fishery stocks along the north-eastern Arabian Sea

Penaeid shrimps are a key resource in marine fisheries and are of great ecological and economic importance. The north-west (NW) coast of India contributes significantly (~30%) to the penaeid shrimp landings in India. Four species of penaeid shrimps, namelyParapenaeopsis stylifera, Solenocera crassicornis, Metapenaeus affinis, and M. monoceros, were assessed using Length-based spawning potential ratio (SPR) based on the length frequency data collected during 2017-21, from commercial trawlers operating in the depth range of 20-100 m along the north-west coast of India bordering the north-eastern Arabian Sea. The current status (2021) of P. stylifera, S. crassicornis and M. affinis was found to be healthy, with a spawning potential ratio of ≥ 0.40. For M. monoceros, the SPR was slightly below 0.40 (0.34-35), however, considering the fast growth and short generation time for the resources, the stock status can be considered fair. Significant reduction in fishing pressure (F/M < 1.0) and increase in SPR (>0.40) during COVID-19 affected years (2020-21) were evident. The reduction in fishing hours during the pandemic has allowed the resource to regain the target reference point (TRP) for SPR. Declining catches over the past decade for the group are not due to resource depletion but for the shift in species preference and the diversification of trawls in the region, with bottom trawling giving way to pelagic trawling. Keywords: Sustainability, Spawning potential ratio, COVID-19, Penaeid shrimps

Investigation of the Influence of Alaskan Pollock Surimi on the Gel Quality, Protein Structure and Flavor Property of Shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) Surimi Gel and its Mechanism

Investigation of the Influence of Alaskan Pollock Surimi on the Gel Quality, Protein Structure and Flavor Property of Shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) Surimi Gel and its Mechanism

Effect of atmospheric cold plasma treatment modes on the quality of red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during cold chain storage

An increasingly popular non-thermal approach for food preservation is atmospheric cold plasma (ACP), which can efficiently inactivate various microorganisms. This study explored the impact of different ACP treatment modes on the preservation of red shrimp in cold chain storage. A novel treatment mode, ACP cyclical, was introduced as an alternative to ACP one-time treatment. The results indicated that the ACP cyclical treatment extended the ozone and shrimp exposure time to 35 min compared to one-time treatment, resulting in a notable enhancement in preservation effectiveness. While ACP treatment significantly reduced the total viable count (TVC) of red shrimp at day 0, it does not affect total volatile basic-nitrogen (TVB-N), pH value, or color. At day 8, the ACP cyclical group showed a 17.38% reduction in TVB-N, 36.90% decrease in TVC, and 32.39% decline in sulfur-producing bacteria compared to the ACP one-time treatment group. Electronic nose analysis indicated improved odor stability in both ACP treatment modes. Moreover, correlation and partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed that ACP cyclical treatment delayed shrimp’ color deterioration and TVB-N increase during prolonged storage. This study highlighted the potential of ACP cyclical treatment for enhancing red shrimp preservation in cold chain storage.

Utilization and Applications of Chitosan Extracted from Solenocera crassicornis Exoskeleton

In marine arthropods, the largest group Crustaceans contains 30,000 species. The shells of marine crustaceans such as shrimp, crab, and lobster, contribute to pollution in coastal areas as biowaste. The crustacean shell wastes consist of approximately 8-10 % chitin, 30-65 % protein, and 10-20 % calcium. Chitosan, a natural biodegradable polymer derived from chitin, finds applications in various fields. In the present paper, the chitosan was extracted from Solenocera crassicornis shrimp shells through a three-step process, which includes demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The physicochemical properties of chitosan including ash, moisture content, degree of deacetylation, water and fat binding capacity, and solubility were analyzed. This study explored the diverse applications of chitosan, including its antimicrobial, shelf-life enhancement, anticoagulant, and wastewater treatment properties. This study concluded that chitosan can be suitable for application in various fields including medicine, cosmetology, biotechnology, the edible film industry, and water purification.

Effects of cold atmospheric plasma pre-treatment on maintaining the quality of ready-to-eat drunken red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) stored at chilled conditions

This present study investigated the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) pre-treatment on the quality of ready-to-eat drunken red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during chilled storage. The shrimp were pre-treated with the CAP at 40 kV and 36 kH for 100 s in a plasma generating equipment before the drunken treatment and compared with an untreated control sample. The results showed that the CAP pre-treatment significantly inhibited the total viable count (TVC) values, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of the drunken shrimp compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the CAP pre-treatment also significantly maintained the myofibrillar protein (MP) content, texture properties, and a more stable histological structure of muscle fibers compared to the control. High-throughput sequencing results confirmed that the CAP pre-treatment significantly reduced the diversity and abundance of several bacteria in the shrimp. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) analysis detected that the CAP pre-treatment effectively maintained the stability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These findings provide valuable theoretical support for the processing and storage of drunken shrimp.

Investigating the migration hypothesis: Effects of trypsin-like protease on the quality of muscle proteins of red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during cold storage

This study aimed to investigate the effect of trypsin-like protease (TLP) on the quality of muscle proteins in red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during cold storage. The results indicated that the activity of TLP decreased significantly in the head of shrimp but increased significantly in the muscle tissues during the cold storage. The myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) value of intact shrimp was significantly higher than that of beheaded shrimp, while the Ca2+-ATPase activity of intact shrimp was significantly lower than that of beheaded shrimp. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of purified TLP from the shrimp head was about 24 kDa, and the TLP showed high activity at 50 °C and pH 8, indicating that the TLP belongs to the trypsin family. Results from in vitro simulation experiments indicated that the process of TLP incubation significantly reduced the particle size and enlarged the distribution of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in shrimp muscle tissues. The comparisons were made with respect to the control samples. It can be inferred that TLP migrated from the shrimp head to the muscle tissues during storage and thus promoted the degradation of MPs in red shrimp. The beheading treatment could be an effective mean to maintain better quality and extend the commercialization of shrimp products.

Changes in Physicochemical Characteristics and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Brine-Preserved Ready-to-Eat Shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during Chilled Storage

This study aimed to explore the changes in the quality of ready-to-eat peeled shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during chilled storage. The cooked shrimp were soaked in hermetically sealed jars, which were treated by three soaking methods: distilled water; 4% NaCl solution; and 4% NaCl, 0.34% citric acid, 4.23% trehalose, and 0.04% VC solution (defined as the control, experimental 1 (E1), and experimental 2 (E2) groups, respectively). The shelf-life of the E2 group was 20 days longer than that of the control group. Sensory scores, color, and textural results confirmed the E2 group exhibited better sensory scores and color, and the degradation of the physical structure of shrimp muscle was delayed during chilled storage. In addition, the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable count (TVC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of shrimp muscle in each group all showed an increasing trend, but these values were significantly lower in the E2 group than those in the control and E1 groups during chilled storage. The results of gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) and principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the three groups of RTE shrimp muscle changed, but small changes in VOCs were observed in E2 during chilled storage. These results provide new ideas and references for peeled shrimp product development and quality assurance technology.

Effects of Low Molecular Weight Peptides from Red Shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) Head on Immune Response in Immunosuppressed Mice.

This study aimed to investigate the immunoenhancement effects of low molecular weight peptides (SCHPs-F1) from red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) head against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg CTX for 5 consecutive days to establish the immunosuppressive model and then intragastrically administered with SCHPs-F1 (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) to investigate its improving effect on immunosuppressed mice and explore its potential mechanism using Western blot. SCHPs-F1 could effectively improve the spleen and thymus index, promoting serum cytokines and immunoglobulins production and upregulating the proliferative activity of splenic lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages of the CTX-treated mice. Moreover, SCHPs-F1 could significantly promote the expression levels of related proteins in the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in the spleen tissues. Overall, the results suggested that SCHPs-F1 could effectively ameliorate the immune deficiency caused by CTX and had the potential to explore as an immunomodulator in functional foods or dietary supplements.

PERBANDINGAN HASIL TANGKAPAN UTAMA DAN SAMPINGAN ALAT TANGKAP TRAWL PADA MALAM HARI DI PERAIRAN SAMBOJA KUALA KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

As an area bordering the Makassar Strait, Samboja Kuala District, most of the people make a living as fishermen. The fishing gear used by fishermen to catch shrimp and fish is a trawl. This study aims to identify the types of catches, determine the comparison of the percentage of main and by-catch at night. The method used in this study is a survey method, namely by going directly to the field. The main catches were 8 species of shrimp, namely Penaeus monodon, Penaeus sp, Penaeus merguiensis, Metapenaus affinis, Metapenaus monoceros, Metapenaeopsis palmenis, Metapenaeopsis barbata and Solenocera crassicornis. While the by-catch there are species of fish, cuttlefish and squid. The percentage of the main catch that was dominantly caught was Metapenaus affinis at 61% and the smallest was Penaeus sp 0%. While the percentage of by-catch is the most dominant fish beloso 33% and the smallest is grouper and bigeye fish 1% with a significance value <0.05 (sig. 0.24). The results of this study can show that there are differences in the main catch and by-catch in trawl fishing gear at night.

Influence mechanisms of different setting time at low temperature on the gel quality and protein structure of Solenocera crassicornis surimi

The effect of setting time (0–36 h) at 4 °C on the quality changes of shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) gel was evaluated in this study. The quality of shrimp gel over setting time was evaluated by physical properties including gel strength, drip loss, moisture distribution and microstructure. The physical properties of the shrimp gel were effectively improved after more than 24 h of setting. In addition, the mechanism of the shrimp gel formation was also studied by combining chemical bonds, total sulfhydryl, disulfide bond, intrinsic fluorescence spectra and protein pattern. The results indicated that the main forces affecting the physical properties of the shrimp gel were hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, and the formation of disulfide bond during the setting process was beneficial to the construction of a uniform gel structure. Overall, setting for 24–30 h at 4 °C was an effectual way to improve the shrimp gel qualities.

Astaxanthin absorption modulated antioxidant enzyme activity and targeted specific metabolic pathways in rats.

Saponification contributed to an increase in the in vitro antioxidant activity of astaxanthin (Asta) extracts derived from Penaeus sinensis (Solenocera crassicornis) by-products. However, the influence of non-saponification (N-Asta) and saponification Asta (S-Asta) absorption on antioxidant activity in vivo was limited. The antioxidant properties of N-Asta and S-Asta were therefore compared in Sprague Dawley male rats after 6 h and 12 of absorption using biochemistry assays combined with an untargeted metabonomics strategy. Non-saponified Asta and S-Asta showed similar digestive properties in a stimulated gastrointestinal tract. Increased glutathione content and decreased malondialdehyde content were measured in the liver tissues of N-Asta and S-Asta treated rats after 12 h of absorption. Absorption of N-Asta increased liver total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity. Treatment with S-Asta up-regulated NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase-1, and heme oxygenase-1 expression was associated with the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element pathway at the end of 12 h absorption. With partial least square-discriminant analysis and metabolite heatmap profiles, the S-Asta group was clearly separated from the N-Asta group. The S-Asta treatment also demonstrated stronger influences on plasma metabolites than the N-Asta treatment. Both N-Asta and S-Asta absorption showed critical roles in the regulation of specific metabolites, and 15 potential biomarkers were identified in eight key pathways to separate these experimental groups after 12 h of absorption. However, an increased serotonin level was only detected in the S-Asta group after 12 h absorption. Absorption of N-Asta and S-Asta induced different antioxidant effects in normal rats, which were associated with metabolite changes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Comparing the Muscle Nutritional Quality of Eight Common Wild-Caught Economic Shrimp Species from the East China Sea

ABSTRACT There are abundant resources of wild shrimp in the East China Sea. In this study, the muscle yield and levels of proximate biochemical composition, fatty acids, amino acids, nutritional minerals, and toxic heavy metal elements composing the muscles were determined in eight common wild-caught economic shrimp species (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Exopalaemon carinicauda, Solenocera melantho, Palaemon gravieri, Marsupenaeus japonicus, Oratosquilla oratoria, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Solenocera crassicornis). The results were as follows: the muscle yields of F. chinensis and M. japonicus were relatively high, with up to approximately 51%. O. oratoria had the lowest muscle yield, which was only 27.71%. In terms of proximate biochemical composition, F. chinensis and S. crassicornis had better high protein and low fat characteristics among the eight shrimp species. For fatty acid profile, S. crassicornis and P. hardwickii had better nutritional values, which was mainly due to their higher content of important fatty acids, such as C20:4n6, C20:5n3, ΣPUFA, Σn-3PUFA, Σn-6PUFA, and ΣHUFA. In contrast, E. carinicauda and F. chinensis had poor fatty acid composition, and their ΣMUFA and ΣSFA contents were higher, while their ΣPUFA and ΣHUFA contents were lower. There were significant differences in the amino acid composition of the different shrimp species. Overall, F. chinensis had the highest contents of essential amino acids (EAA), nonessential amino acids (NEAA), and total amino acids (TAA), followed by S. crassicornis, while the O. oratoria amino acid content was the lowest. The essential amino acid score (EAAS) of the eight shrimp species was above 100, indicating that there were no restricted amino acids. The mean values of EAAS were also slightly different in the eight shrimp species. Considering the contents of various mineral nutrients, the contents in F. chinensis were low, while those in E. carinicauda, S. crassicornis, and P. hardwickii were higher. The contents of toxic heavy metal elements in the eight shrimp species were similar to each other, and the values were extremely low and within the food safety standards range. Overall, the different shrimp species exhibited some differences in the nutritional composition, and each had its advantages and disadvantages. However, it was obvious that S. crassicornis had a relatively good composition of proximate biochemical, fatty acids, amino acids, and mineral elements, and it had the highest comprehensive nutritional value among the eight shrimp species.

Investigation of the activity of cathepsin B in red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) and its relation to the quality of muscle proteins during chilled and frozen storage.

Cathepsin B is a cysteine protease that has important effects on the quality of muscle products. In this study, the changes of cathepsin B activity and its relation to muscle proteins were investigated in intact and beheaded shrimp during chilled and frozen storage. The obtained results indicated that the water holding capacity (WHC), shear force, hardness, and myofibrillar protein (MP) content all significantly decreased in both the intact and beheaded shrimp samples with increasing storage period (p<0.05). Specifically, beheading shrimp exhibited much more stable characteristics than intact shrimp samples during both chilled and frozen storage. The enzyme activity results suggested that cold temperature and storage induced the release of cathepsin B from the lysosomes to the mitochondria, sarcoplasm, and myofibrils in the muscle tissues. Furthermore, SDS-PAGE and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that beheading the shrimp greatly inhibited the dissociation of shrimp muscle proteins during storage. The current findings suggest that cathepsin B located in the head of shrimp was likely transferred to the muscle through the first abdominal segment during storage, accelerating the dissociation of the muscle proteins. Therefore, beheading the shrimp was conducive to prolonging the shelf-life of stored shrimp products.

Influence Mechanisms of Different Setting Time at Low Temperature on the Gel Quality and Protein Structure of Solenocera Crassicornis Surimi

Influence Mechanisms of Different Setting Time at Low Temperature on the Gel Quality and Protein Structure of Solenocera Crassicornis Surimi

Influence of Cold Storage on the Quality of Muscle and the Activity of Cathepsin H in Red Shrimp( Solenocera crassicornis )

To investigate the changes of cathepsin H activity and muscle quality of shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) under different conditions, the samples were refrigerated at 4 °C for 6 days and frozen at -18 °C for 120 days, respectively. The changes of pH, water retention, hardness, springness, myofibrillar protein content, water content, and cathepsin H activity in intact shrimp and beheaded shrimp were compared and analyzed during chilling storage. Results showed that, with the increasing of storage period, the pH of muscle from the whole shrimps and beheaded shrimps both increased continuously, while the increasing rate of beheaded shrimp was slightly lower than that of whole shrimp samples. The myofibrillar protein (MP) content of both shrimp muscle decreased gradually with the prolonging of storage time. The MP content in intact shrimp and beheaded shrimp group decreased by 38.32% and 30.88% after refrigerated for 6 days, and by 61.67% and 52.09% after frozen for 120 days, respectively. During the whole frozen storage, the hardness and springness of the two groups of shrimps increased first and then decreased, while during the cold storage, the hardness and springness of the two groups of shrimp always decreased. The changes of cathepsin H activity in different subcellular fractions were different. The activity of cathepsin H in frozen condition was lower than that in cold condition, and the activity of cathepsin H in intact shrimp group was higher than that in beheaded shrimp group. The results showed that compared with the whole shrimp, the storage of beheaded shrimp was more conducive to the protection of muscle quality, and the activity of cathepsin H enzyme was greatly affected by the storage temperature. The results would provide a theoretical basis for the changes of physicochemical properties and cathepsin activity of shrimp under different conditions.

The Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Penaeid Shrimps from Mumbai Coast, Maharashtra

The commercial Penaeid shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, Parapenaeopsis stylifera H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 and Solenocera crassicornis H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 were collected to estimate phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status amongst other members of Family Penaeidae from Fishing Area 51. The present results suggest that Fenneropenaeus indicus, Parapenaeopsis stylifera and Solenocera crassicornis from different locations or countries from Fishing Area 51 belong to the same genetic population. This study revealed the identification of shrimp species based on the molecular approach using mitochondrial COI gene marker. Sequence of Penaeid shrimps, Fenneropenaeus indicus (MK488093), Parapenaeopsis stylifera (MH724294) and Solenocera crassicornis (MK511444) from Mumbai, western coast of Maharashtra were published in NCBI. This result will be useful for obtaining the intraspecific and interspecific genetic distance, genetic biodiversity of the population structure and for the conservation and management of these resources. P. stylifera and S. crassicornis shows close relation with each other and F. indicus form different clade.

Antioxidant activity and degradation kinetics of astaxanthin extracted from Penaeus sinensis (Solenocera crassicornis) byproducts under pasteurization treatment

The lipid oxidation of soybean oil or peanut oil under accelerated oxidation was retarded after addition of non-saponification (N-Asta) or saponification astaxanthin (S-Asta) derived from Penaeus sinensis by-products, determined by lower malondialdehyde and peroxide value as compared with the oil controls. S-Asta or N-Asta degradation in soybean oil or peanut oil fit well to first order model. Further, the soybean oil or peanut oil containing S-Asta demonstrated lower lipid oxidation as compared to those with N-Asta addition. The thermal stability of S-Asta was further evaluated under 60–90 °C pasteurization. Significant decreases of scavenging hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion, and Asta isomers concentrations were found for S-Asta under 90 °C pasteurization; whereas the antioxidant activity of S-Asta was largely restored under 60–70 °C pasteurization. The degradation kinetics of all tans, 9-cis and 13-cis Asta, as well as Asta stereoisomers in S-Asta fit to zero order kinetics, and well described by the Arrhenius equation. The highest and lowest activation energy values of 164.83 ± 14.87 kJ/mol for all trans Asta and 17.63 ± 0.99 kJ/mol for 3S,3′R Asta suggested their highest and the lowest pasteurization stabilities. By comparison, 13-cis, 3S,3′S, and 3R,3′R showed similar thermal stabilities under pasteurization.

Shrimp community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the offshore waters of Zhoushan Islands

In order to learn about the condition of shrimp resources in the waters outside Zhoushan Islands, the relationship between shrimp species composition, dominant species, biodiversity, community structure characteristics and environmental factors was analyzed in April (spring) and October (autumn), 2018. The research indicates that:firstly, there are 32 varieties of shrimp in outer waters of Zhoushan Islands, belonging to 10 subjects, 21 genera, 22 species in spring and 29 kinds in autumn. Compared with historical survey results, the number of shrimp species in this sea area has decreased and the trend has slowed down. Secondly, the dominant species changes significantly, with the spring dominant species being <italic>Metapenaeopsis dalei</italic> and <italic>Metapenaeopsis barbata</italic>, which are mainly inhabited in the southeastern sea of the survey area, and the autumn dominant species is <italic>Parapenaeopsis hardwickii</italic> and <italic>Solenocera crassicornis,</italic> which are mainly found in the north and southwest of the survey area. Thirdly, both Shrimp Richness Index (<italic>D</italic>) and diversity index (<italic>H'</italic>) in spring are lower than those in autumn, while uniformity index (<italic>J'</italic>) value in spring is greater than that in autumn. Shrimp is the most abundant in the water depth of 60-70 meters and the uniformity index (<italic>J'</italic>) value is the highest in the water depth zone from seventy to ninety meters. That’s because spring is the breeding season for most shrimps, shrimp mainly spawning grounds and habitats in the near shore waters, when the richness and species diversity of the outer waters are low, and in autumn, with the weakening of Taiwan’s warm currents resulting in a decrease in warm waters, some shrimp species are in the deep waters of the sea that contribute to the richness of species in autumn. In spring, there is more shrimp in this field with better uniformity, and the autumn shrimp in the sea is mostly adults. The hydrologic environment has less influence on it, so the uniformity is lower than that in the bottom. Fourthly, according to cluster analysis and non-measured multi-dimensional scale sequencing analysis, spring at 45 percent of the similar level is divided into 4 communities, while autumn at 60 percent of the similar level is divided into 3 communities. The similarity between the sea communities is lower than the degree of similarity, and the similarity of autumn shrimp communities is higher than that in spring, indicating that the similarity of autumn shrimp species in the waters outside the Zhoushan Islands is higher than that in spring. Spring in the biological volume and species level are lower than those in autumn. The average similarity in the spring group is lower than that in autumn, and the characteristics with the highest similarity contribution rate in the spring and autumn groups are Dai's prawns and Haas imitation prawns, and the inter-group sex of the two seasons is as high as 82.36%, which may be because in the spring and autumn shrimp catches, individual species has a larger amount of each season or a significant advantage in their respective seasons. SIMPER analysis shows that the shrimp with the highest similarity contribution rate in the spring and autumn groups is consistent with the species of each dominant species. The ANOSIM test demonstrates the shrimp community structure is significantly different in the two seasons. fifthly, CCA analysis makes it clear that temperature is one of the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of shrimp in this area. In autumn, the high temperature high saline system impacted by Taiwan's warm currents becomes the main water group factor in the survey area, and the salinity is regulated by the physiological activities of shrimp, such as shrimp metabolism and osmosis pressure regulation, thus influencing the structure of the shrimp community. Salinity only has a significant effect on the structure of shrimp communities in autumn.

Novel Comprehensive Molecular and Ecological Study Introducing Coastal Mud Shrimp (Solenocera Crassicornis) Recorded at the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Solenocera crassicornis is a commercially important shrimp of the Solenoceridae family. The current study investigated the morphology, molecular identification, phylogenetic relationships, and population dynamics of S. crassicornis in Egypt. Samples were collected monthly (total, 1722; male = 40.19%, wet weight, 0.89–10.77 g; female = 59.81%, wet weight, 1.55–19.24 g) from Al-Attaka commercial catch in the Gulf of Suez in the Red Sea. Two barcode markers, 18S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), were used for molecular identification. COI partial sequences were used to construct the phylogenetic relationships among different species of genus Solenocera and to infer the origin of the studied Solenocera crassicornis. The applied molecular markers successfully identified the studied species to the species level. The genetic distances among S. crassicornis sequences from different countries revealed the Indo-West Pacific origin of S. crassicornis. The relationship between total length (TL) and total weight (TW) was TW = 0.035TL2.275 and r2 = 0.805 for males and TW = 0.007TL3.036 and r2 = 0.883 for females, indicating that females were heavier than males. Despite its social and economic relevance in the area, information on the hatching, larval rearing, and farming of S. crassicornis is scarce and requires future studies under Egyptian conditions.

Saponification to improve the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin extracts from Penaeus sinensis (Solenocera crassicornis) by-products and intervention effect on Paracetamol-induced acute hepatic injury in rat

• Saponified astaxanthin (Asta) extract showed increased in vitro antioxidant activity. • Asta pre-treatment alleviated Paracetamol induced oxidative stress. • Asta pre-treatment decreased GST-P foci, p53, and p38 expressions in rat liver. • Non-saponification Asta pre-treatment stimulated Hemoxygenase-1 expression. • Saponification Asta pre-treatment increased NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase-1 level. Astaxanthin (Asta) extracts from Penaeus sinensis by-products showed increased in vitro antioxidant activity after saponification as compared to the non-saponification Asta. The increases of geometrical Asta (activity order of 9-cis > 13-cis > all- trans ) and Asta stereoisomers could be responsible for the improved antioxidant activities of saponification Asta. Non-saponification or saponification Asta (150 mg/kg) was administered in Sprague-Dawley rats via gavage daily for 14 days before paracetamol (PCM)-induced (400 mg/kg) acute hepatotoxicity. Pre-treatment with non-saponification or saponification Asta counterbalanced rats liver oxidative stress by PCM-induction through restoring reduced glutathione content, total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Moreover, Asta pre-treatment decreased glutathione-S-transferase-P (placental form ) foci, p53 and p38 expressions as compared to the model group. Pre-treated with Asta up-modulated phase-II enzyme NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase-1 or Hemoxygenase-1 expressions, indicating the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway for the non-saponification or saponification Asta to alleviate PCM-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.