Solar Power Plant System Research Articles

Analysis of Battery Technologies for Use as Battery Management Systems in a Simple Solar Power Plant

A solar power plant is a device that uses solar radiation to generate electricity. However, a dependable energy storage system is essential to effectively operating solar power plants. This study aims to examine how battery technology is used in solar power plants as a voltage storage. Specifically, the performance of lithium-ion and lead acid batteries, known as valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA), will then be compared. The findings demonstrate that Lithium-ion Batteries are better at keeping a steady voltage in no-load situations. The highest voltage value was recorded at 13:79 V at a 90° tilt angle and 13:00 Indonesia time. At the same hour, the VRLA Battery recorded the lowest voltage of 12.08 V with a 0° tilt angle. Under load conditions, the Lithium-ion Battery performed better with a more moderate voltage drop, achieving the lowest voltage of 12.68 V at an inclination angle of 165° and 14:00 Indonesia time, compared to the VRLA Battery's lowest value of 12.08 V under comparable conditions. Thus, Lithium-ion Batteries are thought to be more efficient and stable than VRLA Batteries in solar power plant applications, particularly in terms of voltage stability under changing operating conditions. Furthermore, battery selection should still take into account the initial investment cost and the unique requirements of the solar power plant system to be deployed.

Power quality improvement of grid‐connected solar power plant systems using a novel fractional order proportional integral derivative controller technique

AbstractRecently, there has been a push to integrate renewable energy system (RES) into grid‐connected load system in enhancing reliability and reducing losses. However, integrating these systems introduces power quality (PQ) issues, especially with non‐linear, critical, and imbalanced loads. Addressing this, a hybrid mantis search‐reptile search algorithm (HMS‐RSA) combined with a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to mitigate PQ problems related to current and voltages in RES systems. In other words, the UPQC, enhanced by fractional order proportional integral derivative controller parameters tuned using the proposed HMS‐RSA assists in enhancing the power quality. The approach has been validated by connecting a non‐linear load to the system, which typically creates PQ issues. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and their performance is analysed in three scenarios, such as sag, swell, and disturbance, and the total harmonic distortion is evaluated to quantify improvements in PQ. Finally, the proposed method is compared with existing approaches, such as ant colony optimization (ACO), artificial bee colony optimization (ABC), and bacterial foraging optimization (BFO). The method also outperforms ACO, ABC, and BFO in terms of convergence speed and effectiveness in mitigating PQ issues.

Solar Power Plant Optimization using Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)

The automatic system model uses a Solar Charge Controller (SCC) to turn off the solar panel system at the minimum battery point so that the battery is safe and durable and an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to automatically transfer the electricity network from State Electricity Company or Grid or solar panels. In this study, Solar Panel Priority Grid electricity is used if the solar panel is insufficient and hybrid system with solar panel priority with 2 cut out battery usage. The results of this study are 450WP Solar Panel, 100A SCC MPPT, 12V/100Ah Battery, and 3000 Watt Modified Sine Wave Inverter, Miniature Circuit Breaker, Contactor, Relay Switch, Time Delay Relay and Indicators. The results of the switching process test between the Solar Power Plant source and grid with ATS control can run automatically in Grid Priority Mode, meaning Solar Power Plant as a backup, or Solar Power Plant Priority Mode where the grid source is used as a power backup system. In the Battery Capacity Optimization System, Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) Protection can work well, namely it can cut off the voltage from the inverter if the battery is in a low voltage state at a rating below 10.8 Volts, Auto Cut Charging Protection testing can charge the battery up to 13.8 Volts and Cycle Use, namely the process of this system can work to store energy while releasing energy to run the load. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the best choice of the most efficient Solar Power Plant system.

Biogas Heat Pump Power Supply Based on Smart Grid Functioning Solar Electric System Network

A comprehensive integrated solar power plant system has been developed to support the operation of a biogas plant based on a heat pump, for which fermented wort is a low-potential energy source. The change in the power factor of the solar power system connected to the grid and the temperature of the coolant entering the heat exchanger built into the methane tank are predicted. Promising solutions include changing the power of the heat pump compressor to maintain biogas production, unloading fermented wort and loading fresh material while maintaining the power factor of the grid solar system and changing the level of electricity transmission to the grid. The voltage at the input of the hybrid inverter, the voltage at the output of the frequency converter to assess their ratio and the voltage frequency are constantly measured. When changing the voltage at the input of the hybrid inverter from 240 V to 600 V, promising solutions were adopted to reduce the power of the heat pump from 3.14 kW to 1.58 kW in the production of biogas 352.5 m3/day to maintain the temperature of the heating coolant entering the heat exchanger built into the methane tank at 55° C - 45 °C in order to obtain biogas, unload fermented wort and load fresh raw materials. There is an increase in the power of electricity transmission to the grid from 0.27 to 1 and an increase in the power factor by 40% from 0.58 to 0.98. The use of the developed Smart Grid technology allows preventing peak loads of the power system, reducing electricity consumption from the grid by up to 30%.

Study of a Novel Updraft Tower Power Plant Combined with Wind and Solar Energy

This study presents a novel solar updraft tower power plant (SUTPP) system, which has been designed to achieve the simultaneous utilization of solar and wind energy resources in desert regions, in response to the pressing demand for sustainable and efficient renewable energy solutions. The aim of this research was to develop an integrated system that is capable of harnessing and converting these abundant energy sources into electrical power, thereby enhancing the renewable energy portfolio in arid environments. The methodology of this study involved the design and construction of a prototype SUTPP, comprising a 53 m high tower, a 6170 m2 collector, five horizontal-axis wind turbines, and a thermal energy storage layer made up of pebbles and sand. The experimental setup was meticulously detailed, and experiments were conducted to collect data on the system’s performance under various environmental conditions. Subsequently, three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to explore the effects of ambient wind speed and solar radiation on the output power of the SUTPP. The results indicate that the output power of the system increases with the increase in ambient wind speed and solar radiation. The impact of solar irradiation on output power was observed to diminish as ambient wind speeds increased. Notably, as the inlet wind speed rose from 4 m/s to 12 m/s, the output power showed a substantial increase of 727%. The numerical simulations revealed that ambient wind speed has a more pronounced effect on power output compared to solar radiation. Furthermore, it was found that the influence of solar radiation is significant at low wind speeds, with its impact decreasing as wind speed increases. This research provides essential guidance for the design and engineering of highly efficient solar thermal energy utilization projects, representing a significant advancement in the field of renewable energy technology deployment in desert environments.

Profitability on Solar Power Plant Systems for Households Electricity in Indonesia

Profitability on Solar Power Plant Systems for Households Electricity in Indonesia

Prototype Design Remote Smart Car 4WD Robot Car with Additional Power Photovoltaic Source Integrated Arduino

The problem addressed in this research is designing an Electric Car Prototype, a technology design using Arduino Uno, L298N Driver Module, and HC-06 Bluetooth sensor which is controlled automatically using an application. The method used is a hybrid PLTS (Solar Power Plant) system based on Arduino Uno. This prototype combines electrical energy from batteries with solar energy produced by solar panels, and the main controller is Arduino Uno. Tests were carried out to evaluate the performance and efficiency of this electric car. The results of solar panel experiments in designing electric car prototypes, testing will be carried out on the efficiency of solar panels on the power produced. The following is the data from the experimental results measured through the following table 2 experiments. solar panels were installed on the roof or other parts exposed to sunlight on a prototype electric car. Solar panels consist of photovoltaic solar cells which are capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy. When sunlight falls on a solar panel, the solar cell produces an electric current. The electric current generated from the solar cell is then channeled to the charging module to charge the battery. The battery charging module regulates the voltage and electric current according to battery charging needs. This is important so that the battery does not receive too much or too little power during the charging process. After passing through the battery charging module, the electrical energy from the solar panels is used to charge the electric car battery. Electric car batteries function as energy storage which is used to control the engine and other electronic systems in the car. Obtained were the development of an environmentally friendly and sustainable electric vehicle.

Application of Homer for Planning a Hybrid Solar Power Plant System at the Makassar Eye Hospital

Application of Homer for Planning a Hybrid Solar Power Plant System at the Makassar Eye Hospital

Solar Power Generation System at Household Scale

Solar power plants are renewable energy systems that utilize sunlight as a power source to generate electricity. The conversion of light energy into electrical energy is achieved through the photovoltaic effect. The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy is made possible by photovoltaic solar panels, which convert solar light energy into electricity. This technology began to be widely known and began to be widely used. Its use is widespread, ranging from large factories, office buildings, commercial buildings, shopping centers, hospitals, hotels, and households The purpose of this study is to know and analyze household-scale solar power generation systems. The method used in this study is a literature review, data used in the form of articles in electronic databases such as Google Scholar, in the period 2006 to 2023. The results showed that solar power plants (PLTS) are the right choice to overcome the energy crisis in Indonesia. Solar Power Plant Energy (PLTS) is abundant sunlight. Solar Power Plant System (PLTS) at the household level using Solar Home System (SHS) which is increasingly adopted in Indonesia (especially in households). The implication in this study is to provide a deeper understanding of household-scale solar systems, including the associated advantages and challenges. This can help individuals, institutions, and governments make better decisions regarding the use of renewable energy.

Design and performance evaluation of an off-grid hybrid solar system in a remote location: A case study of Legundi Island

Legundi Island, located in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, has high solar energy potential but still relies on Diesel Power Plants. This research aims to design a hybrid Solar Power Plant and Diesel Power plant system that is environmentally friendly and reliable. Analysis was conducted using the Homer software.•This research designs a hybrid Solar Power Plant system with a capacity of 170.2 kWp and a battery of 1,036 kWh, integrated with three existing Diesel Power Plants units with a capacity of 200 kW.•This system can generate electricity of 296,391 kWh/year with a renewable energy fraction reaching 79.9% and an electricity surplus of 0.988%.•Fuel consumption decreased by 79.3% compared to the existing Diesel Power Plant system.

PERANCANGAN POWER SUPPLY UNTUK CHARGING STATION KENDARAAN LISTRIK RODA DUA DENGAN SISTEM PLTS ON GRID

Electric vehicles use electrical energy as a substitute for fossil energy. Like gasoline vehicles that require gasoline filling facilities, electric vehicles also require electric energy charging facilities or commonly referred to as charging stations. One of the utilizations of solar power plant can be used for charging electrical energy at the charging station. In this study, a Power Supply Design was carried out for Charging Station for Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicles with Solar Power Plant System on grid in Widya Sabha Building Parking Lot, Udayana University. With the calculation of the energy needed in the Power Supply, the solar power plant design and manufacturing costs can be made. The design of this charging station can accommodate 10 electric motorbikes with solar power plant that can provide energy for 2 electric motorbikes per day for 9 hours of work alternately. By using 11.450 Wp solar panels arranged in series and 1 inverter with a capacity of 4.6 kW, this design produces 8.229 MWh per year. The total initial investment in this design based on market prices in Indonesia is IDR 99.213.000. Based on the investment feasibility, it shows that the investment in this design is feasible to implement.

Monitoring System Design of a 4 kWp Off-grid Solar Power Plant

A monitoring system is needed to determine the performance of an off-grid solar power plant. This paper presents a monitoring system design for an off-grid solar power plant with a capacity of 4 kWp. This off-grid solar power plant system was built on campus 2 of Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang. The purpose of a monitoring system is to collect and present information systematically about the state of the off-grid solar power plant system. This information can be accessed anywhere and anytime by users. Hardware used includes SPM91 to read energy meters digitally, PZEM-017 as a Modbus-based measuring instrument, and communication devices to send data to a database server. The monitoring system dashboard was built using Haiwell SCADA software. The result was a monitoring system that can display parameter data, data loggers, and graphs of the condition of the off-grid solar power plant. The PZEM-017 has an accuracy rate of 99.48% for voltage readings and 98.76% for current readings. Meanwhile, the SPM91 has an accuracy rate of 99.89% for voltage readings and 99.25% for current readings.
 Keywords: monitoring system, off-grid solar power plant, SCADA software

An Efficient Hybrid Energy Smart System Using Lithium Ion Batteries Integrated with Battery Management System

The use of rechargeable batteries to store and distribute extra energy from photovoltaics (PV) improves the efficiency of solar energy generation. This study constructs a solar power plant system that is linked to the grid network and includes battery energy storage. The efficiency of a hybrid solar power plant with integrated batteries and grid energy storage is demonstrated and evaluated in this study. This study is based on real-time testing to determine battery utilization when different electrical loads for office use are combined. The workload profile during peak hours of use, which correspond to the peak time of sunshine, is used to evaluate the system. The collected findings show that the degree of effectiveness of this hybrid power plant fulfills the power simulation. During the peak irradiation time, the maximum power is 2100 watts, whereas the needed power simulation, which is 1900 watts in this case, so the power efficiency percentage is 110.52%. It means that PV can satisfy the charged power while also supplying extra power to the battery for usage at low periods. During the 8-hour test, the calculation of cost savings revealed a savings in electricity expenditure of Rp. 14,373. The energy storage system's real operational needs were met by battery storage and PV.

PLANNING AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A HYBRID SOLAR POWER PLANT WITH AN ADDED AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH (ATS) FOR AN OFFICE BUILDING

The Office of the Regent of Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap), situated on Harapan Baru Street, Batu Lappa, Watang Pulu District, Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi, consumes 200 kWh of electricity daily for lighting, resulting in substantial energy costs. Recognizing the potential for renewable energy, especially with a daily solar radiation potential of 5.8 kWh/m2, this study proposes the implementation of a hybrid solar power plant system. The system incorporates Photovoltaic (PV) as the primary energy source, with the Grid and Generator serving as backup sources through an AC Coupling configuration utilizing Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). The research employs a simulation approach using HOMER Pro software for system modeling, SketchUp software for solar panel layout, AutoCAD software for ATS circuit modeling, and theoretical calculations for financial analysis. The results indicate a solar power plant capacity of 39.6 kW, producing 75,701 kWh/year with an impressive 83.3% renewable penetration. From an economic standpoint, the project requires an investment of IDR 642,714,960, with a net present cost of IDR 1,573,177,823, and a cost of energy value of IDR 1,401.38/kWh. In terms of feasibility, the project demonstrates a net present value exceeding zero (IDR 216,680,041), a profitability index greater than one (1.33), an internal rate of return surpassing the credit interest rate (12.488%), and a payback period of 7 years and 7 months. These findings affirm the feasibility of the hybrid solar power plant planning project for the Sidrap Regent's Office, showcasing its economic viability and potential for sustainable energy solutions.

Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Panel Surya Atap Model 0n-Grid Dengan Kapasitas 62,4 kWp

Solar panels are one of the renewable alternative energies that can be used as primary energy in generating electrical energy through the Solar Power Plant (PLTS) system. The main ingredient of PLTS is the radiation produced by the sun every day.On the roof of the Smart and Green Learning Center (SGLC) Building, Faculty of Engineering UGM, an on-grid solar power plant with a capacity of 62.4 kWp is installed with a total of 156 solar panel modules. The power generated by PLTS can reach 205.627 kW or 183 kWh in sunny conditions in cloudy the power generated by PLTS is 73.781 kW or 66 kWh with the amount of light intensity absorbed reach 110,966 Lux and the lowest value to be reaching 3,407 Lux. The amount of solar irradiation received is directly proportional to the amount of solar light intensity produced with the largest radiation reaching 877 W/m2 while the lowest radiation is 27 W/m2. The aims to know the value of the power generated by PLTS through the inverter and to determine the value of economic savings from the installed PLTS

IoT Implementation for Monitoring and Controlling Solar Power Plant Systems

IoT Implementation for Monitoring and Controlling Solar Power Plant Systems

Techno-economic evaluation of energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants using the Monte Carlo method

This paper aims to perform a techno-economic evaluation for the sensible heat, latent heat, and combined sensible-latent heat storage systems applied in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. An analytical model that integrates the uncertainty of input variables is developed to observe the probability distribution of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for various energy storage systems using a combination of Monte Carlo methods and economic indicators. Uncertainty quantification reveals that the combined sensible-latent heat storage system has the least uncertainty. The sensible-latent heat storage system has certainty equivalents of 0.1852 $/kWh and 0.1321 $/kWh for both the Blue Map and Roadmap scenarios, which is approximately 29% less than the two-tank molten salt energy storage system. Under emission trading, the environmental and social benefits of carbon reduction in energy storage systems can reduce the LCOE for CSP plants. This study can provide decision makers with more comprehensive information in determining the economic viability of different energy storage systems.

Design of MPPT for Buck-boost Converter based on GA to Optimize Solar Power Generation

Maximizing power in the Solar Power Plant system was something that needs attention. Indonesia was a tropical country that has two seasons, where the changing weather or cloud movements are always erratic, especially in the southern region of Java Island. To overcome this problem, an inverter equipped with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used. Currently the switching system in MPPT is still not optimal with a system efficiency of around 90%. In this study, the installation of MPPT was carried out which aims to maximize power in the solar photovoltaic (PV) system due to fluctuations or instability of sunlight at PT. Jatinom Indah Agri, Blitar City. The maximum power generated by solar photovoltaic could be achieved by using the combination of DC - DC converter and artificial intelligence. In this research, modeling of the solar PV system was made using MATLAB software, where the design of the solar PV system consists of a PV module with capacity 240W, DC to DC converter, battery and MPPT. The MPPT based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been tested and compared with MPPT based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and conventional MPPT, where MPPT based on GA works well in finding the maximum power point in the solar photovoltaic system. it was found that MPPT GA produces a maximum power point close to PV power with an efficiency of 92%, while MPPT PSO has an efficiency of 85% and for conventional MPPT it was 79%. In selecting the method for designing MPPT, a method is needed that has a wide range of sample data. This is due to the fluctuating characteristics of the irradiation value received by solar PV.

PERANCANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA PADA ROOFTOP KANTOR PT BALI CUKUP MANDIRI

Solar Power Plant is a power generator that converts sunlight into electricity. Solar Power Plant has a simple concept, namely converting sunlight into electrical energy. These solar cells can produce unlimited energy directly taken from the sun, and do not require fuel, so solar cells are often said to be clean and environmentally friendly. This journal discusses how to design a Solar Power Plant system at PT Bali Cukup Mandiri. The design is in the form of calculating the number of solar panels that can be installed, the capacity obtained, calculating the required capital costs, choosing the appropriate type of Solar Power Plant, the profit and loss if the Solar Power Plant is installed, and a comparison of electricity costs before and after it is installed. The simulation results of Solar Power Plant electrical energy production using the Helioscope and HOMER applications. The calculation results for the Solar Power Plant system for a capacity of 8 kWp require 24 units of 335 Wp solar modules, using a Solar Power Plant installation system of 24 serial units, the capital cost for making Solar Power Plant is around Rp. 114,504,000 electricity generated by the PV system is 13,337 kWh/year and accommodates up to 49% of electrical energy. savings of IDR 16,303,604 in one year after deducting the total electricity bill payments. The total time needed to cover the initial investment in designing a rooftop solar system at PT Bali Cukup Mandiri is 8 years.

ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR POWER PLANTS IN LOCAL ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEMS

It is shown that renewable energy sources (RES) are increasingly dominating the electricity market in many countries, while the amount of electricity generation by solar power plants (SPP) has been growing at a record pace in recent years. It is noted that although the share of RES continues to grow and the photovoltaic industry is developing rapidly, the industry still faces many challenges, in particular, how to continue to reduce the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), improve the efficiency of operation and maintenance, and maintain the stability of the power grid, to ensure system security. The effective implementation of solar generation requires an analysis of the prospects for the development of local electric power systems that include SPP, the development of mechanisms and appropriate regulatory, methodological, technical and organizational support that will contribute to the effective development of solar generation, the construction of modern system (schematic) solutions.
 The analysis of the features of the development of green generation in Poland and Ukraine was carried out, the positive factors that influenced the development of renewable energy sources in Ukraine were determined, which made it possible to form the technical, economic and organizational conditions for the successful development of solar generation, in particular, information was provided on new players in developed energy markets according to the Fourth Energy EU package. The analysis showed that when increasing the efficiency of SPP systems, planning and demand management in the electric network, effective functioning of Energy Smart Community (ESC) become important.
 The basic components of the effective functioning of electric power systems with SPP are highlighted, namely: concepts of configurations of photovoltaic systems, Smart-inverters, Energy Storage System (ESS), formation of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) based on SPP. It is shown that each of the four concepts involves the connection of a series of photovoltaic panels or strings and power electronics devices (DC converters and inverters), which are configured taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of various structural (schematic) solutions. The advantages of using Smart-inverters as a new technology that can help integrate solar energy and other distributed energy resources into the electrical network are evaluated. Smart inverters are used to help the electrical grid cope with intermittent generation, helping the electrical grid remain stable and maintain voltage and frequency requirements.
 It was determined that in any photovoltaic system, the ESS itself becomes a central component that significantly affects the cost, maintenance requirements, reliability and design of the SPP, and the important parameters of the ESS that affect the operation and performance of the photovoltaic system are the battery maintenance requirements, battery life, available power and efficiency. Trends in the market of advanced energy storage systems for SPPs for the next decade are presented. The functioning of virtual power plants based on SPP, as a network of aggregated distributed energy resources that are remotely connected and work together with flexible electricity consumers, is aimed at maximizing the benefits of participants. The possibilities and trends of SPP development in the near future, which are based on the research of Huawei, are presented.