Sokoto Abattoir Research Articles

DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CATTLE FORE-STOMACH DIGESTA (FSD) ENSILED WITH UREA AND RICE MILLING WASTE (RMW)

Fore-Stomach Digesta (FSD) is the partly digested feed from slaughtered animals which offer a used option as a feed alternative. This study was conducted to determine the chemical and mineral composition of cattle Fore-Stomach-digesta (FSD) ensiled with Urea and rice milling waste (RMW). Fore-Stomach Digesta (FSD) from cattle was collected at the Sokoto abattoir. These samples were dried and then thoroughly mixed with urea and rice milling waste and ensiled for three weeks. The results showed that Dry Matter (DM) values of FSD from cattle was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the treatments that were not ensiled (treatment D) compared to those that were ensiled (treatments A, B and C). The crude protein (CP) contents 18-19% obtained from the present study were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to that of FSD when not ensiled. The general trend in the nutrient detergent fibre (NDF) contents of the diets shows that unensiled materials (treatment D) contained more NDF than the other treatments. The implications are that treated in this way partly digested matter from slaughtered animals can provide a low cost, nutrient rich feed option for farmers especially in the dry season.

SLAUGHTER OF THE SINGLE-HUMPED CAMEL (Camelus dromedarius) FOR MEAT AT THE SOKOTO ABATTOIR, NIGERIA.

Daily records on camels Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered for meat at the Sokoto abattoir in Nigeria, were collected for a period of 12 months (January to December 1992) and analysed to determine the rate and seasonal trend in slaughter and to acertain the accompanying fetal wastage. There was no significant (P>.01) seasonal variation in the number of camels slaughtered. A total of 3798 camels (estimated carcass yield of about 1077.7t of camel meat) were slaughtered during the period under investigation. One thousand, six hundred and seventy-seven (44.2%) of the camels sluaghtered were mates whilst 2121 (55.8) were females. Of the female animals slaughtered, 522 (24.06%) were pregnant.

Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Old Sokoto Abattoir Wastewater (Sewage) Contaminated with Blacksmith Activities

The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of wastewater samples from Old Sokoto Abattoir in Sokoto North Local Government Area, Sokoto state, Nigeria were studied over four weeks period. The physicochemical parameters of the wastewater samples studied namely pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DfO), phosphate, nitrate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were within the standard limit for wastewater to be discharged into the environment. Heavy metals like nickel, copper, and lead were not detected (ND) except for iron with a concentration range from 0-0.64 mg/L. Wastewater samples for week 1 had a higher bacterial count of 270x105 CFU/mL than wastewater samples for the other weeks. The total viable count for all the samples exceeded the limit of 1x102 CFU/mL, which was between 4.1x105 – 27.0x105. All the wastewater samples were found to harbour coliform organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO standard (1x102 CFU/mL) for water. The MPN count of wastewater was ranged from 190-1100 MPN/100 mL. The bacterial species isolated were E. coli (33.3%), E. aerogenes (20%), S. aureus (6.66%), K. pneumoniae (6.66%), Proteus vulgaris (13.3%), Citrobater freundii (6.66%), Bacillus licheniformis (6.66%), and Bacillus spp. The fungal isolates were Mucor spp (12.5%), Aspergillus niger (37.5%), Aspergillus terreus (12.5%), Sporothrix schenkii (12.5%), Rhodotorula spp. (12.5%), and Penicillium spp. (12.5%). This study showed that the isolation and population of microorganisms from wastewater in Old Sokoto Abattoir is an indication that the wastewater was highly polluted with microbial load and can cause an environmental hazard if not treated.

The occurrence of liver flukes in cattle and sheep slaughtered in Sokoto abattoir, Northwestern Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the occurrence of liver fluke infections in cattle and sheep slaughtered in Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, northwestern Nigeria using bile samples. A total of 170 cattle and 126 sheep of different local breeds were randomly selected and examined at the abattoir and the gall bladder of such animals were collected, sliced open and the entire content washed into a beaker and allowed to stand for up to 6 hours after which the sediments were examined for eggs of Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium spp. 17.06% and 4.76% of cattle and sheep respectively were infected with Dicrocoelium spp., but egg of Fasciola spp. was not found in the animals sampled in this study. Eggs of Dicrocoelium spp. were found to be highest in female cattle (18.75%) and female sheep (5.88%). It was concluded that liver flukes are present in the study area; therefore regular monitoring of ruminants for liver flukes and a comprehensive study encompassing the epidemiology of the intermediate hosts for effective control is recommended.

Classification of slaughtered animals and estimation of body condition scores during rainy season in Sokoto abattoir

The animals slaughtered at the Sokoto City Abattoir in Northwestern Nigeria from 5th June to 6th August 2010 were classified based on body condition scores (BCS) and other variables. A total of 6215 animals (cattle, sheep, goats and camels) were slaughtered with wide disparities in body conditions. Cattle remain the predominant animal slaughtered (67.74%) with the least predominant animal being camel (5.41%). The majority (80.80%) of the large ruminant slaughtered were in borderline to optimum (3-4) body condition while the majority of small ruminant (81.73%) primarily fell into the optimum (2-3) body conditions at slaughter. Multivariable ordered logistic regression analysis revealed that BCS as an estimated outcome is based principally on seasons with the beginning of rains (June) being the most critical. Since the study was undertaken at the beginning to middle of rainy season, it is expected that the animals are just recovering from the stress of previous dry season and scarcity of feed resources, this support the result from the analysis. Additional factors may contribute to differences in BCS of slaughtered animals are not evaluated in this study due to limitation of data collection, and future useful data may be generated by implementing a more comprehensive data recording system for slaughter statistics and research at the Nigerian abattoirs.Keywords: Abattoir, Body condition score, Nigeria, Ordinal model, Rainy season, Slaughtered animals

Detection of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) and Magnesium Residue in Kidney and Liver of Slaughtered Cattle in Sokoto Central Abattoir, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Abstract The prevalence of lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and magnesium in liver and kidney samples of slaughtered cattle at Sokoto abattoir was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. A total of twenty four samples were collected for analyses. Among the samples 19, 21, 23, 16, and 24 were positive for Lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and magnesium respectively. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and magnesium in liver of the slaughtered cattle were 1.523 mg/kg, 2.687 mg/kg, 4.775 mg/kg, 0.938 mg/kg, and 76.167 mg/kg respectively, while the mean concentration of Lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and magnesium in kidney of slaughtered cattle were 0.8442 mg/kg, 2.058 mg/kg, , 4.894 mg/kg, 0.772 mg/kg, and 68.258 mg/kg respectively. There was significant difference in the concentration of lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and magnesium in liver and kidney of slaughtered cattle (P< 0.05). The mean concentration of lead, cadmium, chromium, in both liver and kidney of slaughtered cattle were higher than the permissible limit recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization.

Measurement of chromium (Cr) residue in kidney and liver of slaughtered cattle in Sokoto Central abattoir, Sokoto State, Nigeria.

The prevalence of Chromium (Cr) residue in liver and kidney samples of cattle was determined at cattle slaughter section of Sokoto Central abattoir Sokoto State Nigeria. A total of one hundred of each of the liver and kidney samples were collected and processed for the detection of Chromium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All the samples (liver and kidney) were 100% positive for Chromium. The highest and lowest concentration of Chromium in liver and kidney were found to be among the age groups of ≥9 years and those at 0-2 years respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the concentration of Chromium in liver and kidney samples of the different age groups of the slaughtered cattle. The concentration of Chromium in all the samples are within the permissible level recommended by Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) and World Health Organisation(WHO).It is therefore obvious that the liver and kidney of cattle slaughtered at Sokoto abattoir contain Chromium residue. This study was carried out to determine the level of Chromium residue in liver and kidneys of beef consumed from Sokoto Central abattoir Sokoto State, Nigeria.

Assessment of carcass contamination with E. coli O157 before and after washing with water at abattoirs in Nigeria

The study was carried out to assess the level of beef carcass contamination with Escherichia coli including O157 strains before and after washing with water. Samples of water used for washing carcasses were collected and thirty beef carcasses were swabbed within a period of one month in each of three abattoirs located in North-Western states of Nigeria. E. coli were enumerated as indicator organisms. Using conventional biochemical tests, the isolation rate of E. coli in the 120 swab samples collected in each abattoir from external and internal surfaces of the carcasses was 58.3% at Kano abattoir, 70.8% at Sokoto abattoir, while 76.7% was recorded at Zango abattoir. E. coli counts from external and internal surfaces of the carcasses were enumerated as mean log and ranged between 4.3 Log(10) and 4.6 Log(10) cfu/cm(2) before washing, while the values were 4.6 Log(10) and 4.9 Log(10) cfu/cm(2) after washing. Data analysis revealed that the increase in E. coli counts after washing carcasses with water was statistically significant (P<0.05) in all the abattoirs. However, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the 3 abattoirs in mean log of E. coli counts from external surfaces of carcass after washing. E. coli O157 was identified from both the water and surfaces of carcasses using Latex agglutination kit. A prevalence of 2.8% of E. coli O157 was detected in 360 swab samples from 90 beef carcasses examined. E. coli counts from water used in washing carcasses were between 22 and 120 cfu/100 ml. Of the 72 water samples, 3(4.2%) were positive for E. coli O157. In conclusion, there was increased contamination of carcasses during processing and water used in washing carcasses might have contributed to carcass contamination in all the abattoirs studied due to use of non-potable water.

Presence of Trypanosome Species and Determination of Anaemia in Trade Cattle at Sokoto Abattoir, Nigeria

Presence of Trypanosome Species and Determination of Anaemia in Trade Cattle at Sokoto Abattoir, Nigeria

Seasonal distribution of ixodid ticks on camels slaughtered at Sokoto abattoir, Nigeria

Seasonal distribution of ixodid ticks on camels slaughtered at Sokoto abattoir, Nigeria

Prevalence of cryptosporidium in slaughter sheep and goats at Sokoto, Nigeria

Fecal samples were collected from 300 sheep and goats prior to slaughter at Sokoto abattoir between July and November, 2005 and impression smears of the cut surfaces of intestine, lungs and kidneys for each animal were made at post-mortem for the detection of cryptosporidium oocysts. Out of the 150 sheep examined, 22.7% were diarrheic, 1.3 % fecal samples and 0.7% impression smear from an intestine were positive for cryptosporidium oocysts. Likewise, 3.3% fecal samples and none of the impression smear from the 150 goats sampled were positive and 11.3% were diarrheic. Examination of 22 human fecal samples deposited around the abattoir premises revealed 2 (9.1%) contaminations with cryptosporidium oocysts. In view of these findings and the zoonotic implication of the infection, there is the need to reinstate and enforce ante-mortem inspection to detect and isolate sick and diarrheic animals. Likewise, personal and environmental hygiene should not be compromised to prevent contaminated meat and offal from reaching the consumers of abattoir products. Keywords: Cryptosporidiosis; sheep; goat; feces; abattoir; NigeriaAnimal Production Research Advances Vol. 2 (3) 2006: pp 179-182