Soil Microarthropod Communities Research Articles

Impacts of Millipedes on Acari and Collembola Communities-A Microcosm Experiment.

Ecosystem engineers influence the structure and function of soil food webs through non-trophic interactions. The activity of large soil animals, such as earthworms, has a significant impact on the soil microarthropod community. However, the influence of millipedes on soil microarthropod communities remains largely unknown. In this microcosm experiment, we examined the effects of adding, removing, and restricting millipede activity on Acari and Collembola communities in litter and soil by conducting two destructive sampling sessions on days 10 and 30, respectively. At the time of the first sampling event (10 d), Acari and Collembola abundance was shown to increase and the alpha diversity went higher in the treatments with millipedes. At the time of the second sampling event (30 d), millipedes significantly reduced the Collembola abundance and alpha diversity. The results were even more pronounced as the millipedes moved through the soil, which caused the collembolans to be more inclined to inhabit the litter, which in turn resulted in the increase in the abundance and diversity of Acari in the soil. The rapid growth of Collembola in the absence of millipedes significantly inhibited the abundance of Acari. The presence of millipedes altered the community structure of Acari and Collembola, leading to a stronger correlation between the two communities. Changes in these communities were driven by the dominant taxa of Acari and Collembola. These findings suggest that millipedes, as key ecosystem engineers, have varying impacts on different soil microarthropods. This study enhances our understanding of biological interactions and offers a theoretical foundation for soil biodiversity conservation.

Impact of forest disturbance on microarthropod communities depends on underlying ecological gradients and species traits.

Windstorms and salvage logging lead to huge soil disturbance in alpine spruce forests, potentially affecting soil-living arthropods. However, the impacts of forest loss and possible interactions with underlying ecological gradients on soil microarthropod communities remain little known, especially across different environmental conditions. Here we used DNA metabarcoding approach to study wind-induced disturbances on forest communities of springtails and soil mites. In particular, we aimed to test the effect of forest soil disturbance on the abundance, richness, species composition, and functional guilds of microarthropods. We sampled 29 pairs of windfall-forest sites across gradients of elevation, precipitation, aspect and slope, 2 years after a massive windstorm, named Vaia, which hit North-Eastern Italy in October 2018. Our results showed that wind-induced disturbances led to detrimental impacts on soil-living communities. Abundance of microarthropods decreased in windfalls, but with interacting effects with precipitation gradients. Operative Taxonomic Units (OTU) richness strongly decreased in post-disturbance sites, particularly affecting plant-feeder trophic guilds. Furthermore, species composition analyses revealed that communities occurring in post-disturbance sites were different to those in undisturbed forests (i.e., stands without wind damage). However, variables at different spatial scales played different roles depending on the considered taxon. Our study contributes to shed light on the impacts on important, but often neglected arthropod communities after windstorm in spruce forests. Effects of forest disturbance are often mediated by underlying large scale ecological gradients, such as precipitation and topography. Massive impacts of stronger and more frequent windstorms are expected to hit forests in the future; given the response we recorded, mediated by environmental features, forest managers need to take site-specific conservation measures.

Microarthropod communities act as functional mediators of ecosystem recovery in abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings in semiarid areas

Abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings show inhospitable conditions for the establishment of above- and below-ground communities (e.g., high metal(loid) levels, organic matter and nutrient deficiency). This worsens in semiarid areas due to the harsh climate conditions. Fertility islands (vegetation patches formed by plants that spontaneously colonize the tailings) can serve as potential nucleation spots fostering beneficial plant-microbial interactions. However, less attention has been paid to the soil invertebrates living beneath these patches and their functional role. Here, we studied whether the spontaneous plant colonization of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings led to a greater presence of soil microarthropod communities and whether this could contribute to improving ecosystem functionality. Microarthropods were extracted, taxonomically identified and subsequently assigned to different functional groups (saphrophages, omnivores, predators) in bare soils and differently vegetated patches within metalliferous mine tailings and surrounding forests in southeast Spain. Microarthropod communities were significantly different in bare soils compared with vegetated patches in mine tailings and surrounding forests. Plant colonization led to an increase in microarthropod abundance in tailing soils, especially of mites and springtails. Moreover, saprophages and omnivores, but not predators, were favored in vegetated patches. The initial microarthropod colonization was mainly linked to higher organic matter accumulation and greater microbial activity in the vegetated patches within mine tailings. Moreover, soil formation processes already initiated in the tailings were beneficial for soil biota establishment. Thus, below-ground communities created an anchorage point for plant communities by primarily starting heterotrophic activities in the vegetated patches, thereby contributing to recover ecosystem functionality.

Disturbance Caused by Animal Logging to Soil Physicochemical and Biological Features in Oak Coppices: A Case-Study in Central Italy

Firewood extraction by mule forwarding is still common in oak coppices in Central and Southern Italy. This is due to the scarce presence of aerial extraction systems such as cable yarders. Considering the importance of forest soil for all ecosystem services, the evaluation of the disturbance that a given extraction system has on the forest soil is a fundamental aspect in the framework of sustainable forest management. Therefore, this study was developed to assess the disturbance caused to the physicochemical and biological features of soil and to coppice after mule logging according to the standards of silvicultural treatment, as well as the recovery time needed after the logging intervention. Four cutting blocks located in Central Italy represented the study area, one cutting block represented the unharvested control, while the others were logged 3 years (CB-2019), 8 years (CB-2014) and 10 years (CB-2012) prior to the field surveys. In each harvested cutting block the soil was subdivided into disturbed soil (DIST—mule trails) and low disturbance soil (LD—area within the harvested cutting block not affected by mule passage). This experimental design assessed the disturbance caused by logging operations by mules (DIST soil) and the silvicultural treatment (LD soil) to soil physicochemical (bulk density, penetration resistance, shear resistance, and soil organic matter) and biological properties (soil microarthropod community evaluated with the QBS-ar index). The results revealed a significant disturbance in the mule trails for all the investigated variables. The disturbance was particularly strong for the QBS-ar index, with values which were lower than half of those of the control area. Furthermore, no recovery process was evident even after 10 years from the logging interventions. Instead, values of the various parameters became worse with time after harvesting. On the other hand, no marked disturbance was revealed in LD soil, except for a significant decrease in soil organic matter. Although this is a preliminary evaluation that needs to be confirmed with further study, this trial suggested that mule logging cannot be considered a fully low-impact approach to forest operations and that studies with a longer time span after harvesting are needed to assess the recovery process in the mule trails.

干旱与半干旱区灌丛微生境中红砂枯落物分解特征及中小型节肢动物的作用

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 干旱与半干旱区灌丛微生境中红砂枯落物分解特征及中小型节肢动物的作用 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202111193261 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 宁夏自然科学基金项目（2021AAC03047，2020AAC02014）；宁夏重点研发计划项目（2021BEG03007）；国家自然科学基金项目（41867005） The decomposition process of Reaumuria soongorica litter and the role of microarthropods in shrub microhabitats in arid and semi-arid regions Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在干旱区（内蒙古乌拉特后旗）和半干旱区（宁夏盐池）荒漠草原区，选择柠条灌丛内外微生境为研究样地，以红砂枯落物为研究对象，利用2种规格网孔分解袋（30目和250目网孔），探索中小型节肢动物在红砂枯落物分解过程中的作用规律，研究灌丛微生境中红砂枯落物质量损失变化特征及节肢动物群落的贡献。结果表明：（1）在干旱与半干旱区，红砂枯落物分解常数K均表现为灌丛内外微生境间无显著差异，且有无节肢动物参与对K的影响均较小。（2）分解至12个月时，无节肢动物参与的情况下，干旱与半干旱区红砂枯落物残留率均表现为裸地显著低于灌丛；但有节肢动物参与时，枯落物残留率则表现为灌丛内外微生境间无显著差异。分解至44个月时，无节肢动物参与的情况下，仅在干旱区枯落物残留率表现为裸地显著高于灌丛；而有节肢动物参与时，干旱与半干旱区枯落物残留率均表现为灌丛内外微生境间无显著差异。（3）节肢动物对红砂枯落物质量损失的贡献率呈现单峰值现象，且在分解至24个月时达到峰值。枯落物分解至12个月时，仅半干旱区节肢动物对红砂枯落物分解的贡献率表现为裸地显著低于灌丛；分解至44个月时，仅干旱区节肢动物对红砂枯落物分解的贡献率表现为裸地显著高于灌丛。（4）在半干旱区，节肢动物对红砂枯落物质量损失的贡献率与节肢动物类群数、土壤砂粒含量、土壤全碳和含水量密切相关；而在干旱区，节肢动物对红砂枯落物质量损失的贡献率与土壤pH值、土壤砂粒、土壤碳氮比d （C/N）和黏粉粒含量密切相关。综合表明，干旱和半干旱区灌丛微生境红砂枯落物分解特征受到节肢动物分解作用的影响较小；但在某些分解阶段，灌丛内外微生境中红砂枯落物质量损失的差异性受到节肢动物分解作用的显著影响，节肢动物的分解作用表现为弱（12个月）-强（24个月）-弱（44个月）的作用规律，而且受到气候区调节的灌丛微生境限制。 Abstract:In desertified grasslands of the arid Urad Rear Banner of the Inner Mongolia and the semi-arid Yanchi of Ningxia, the Caragana korshinskii shrub microhabitats beneath shrub canopies and in the open spaces were setup as study sites. The litter of Reaumuria soongorica was used as the research object. Two sizes of mesh (30-mesh, and 250-mesh) for litter bags were used to explore the role of soil microarthropods on litter decomposition of Reaumuria soongorica. The objective of present study was to probe into the mass loss of the litter and the contribution of soil microarthropod community in the shrub microhabitats. The results showed that:(1) there was no significant difference in decomposition constant K of litter between shrub canopy and open spaces; the presence or absence of microarthropods had little effect on K. (2) At decomposition stage of 12 months, there was significantly lower mass remaining rate of the litter in open spaces than beneath shrub canopy without the presence of microarthropods, but there was no significant difference between shrub canopy and open spaces in the case of microarthropods presence. At decomposition stage of 44 months, the mass remaining rate of litter was significantly higher in open spaces than beneath shrub canopy only in arid regions without the participation of microarthropods; however, there was no significant difference between both shrub microhabitats with microarthropod presence in both arid and semi-arid regions. (3) The contribution rate of microarthropods to the mass loss of litter showed a unimodal type during decomposition process, with a single peak at 24 months. At decomposition stage of 12 months, there was significantly lower contribution rate of microarthropods to the decomposition of litter in open spaces than beneath shrub canopy only in semi-arid region. At decomposition stage of 44 months, the contribution rate of microarthropods to the decomposition of litter was significantly higher in open spaces than beneath shrub canopy only in arid region. (4) In the semi-arid region, the contribution rate of microarthropods to litter mass loss was closely correlated to the group richness of microarthropod, soil sand content, soil total carbon, and water content. In the arid region, however, the contribution rate of microarthropods to the mass loss of litter was closely correlated to soil pH, soil sand, soil C/N, and clay and silt content. In conclusion, the overall litter decomposition in shrub microhabitats in arid and semi-arid regions was little affected by the role of microarthropods. However, at certain decomposition stages, the difference in mass loss of the litter between shrub microhabitats was affected remarkably by the role of microarthropods. There was a law of weak (12 months)-strong (24 months)-weak (44 months) role of microarthropods on litter decomposition that was regulated by the climatic factors. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Warming shifts the biomass distribution of soil microarthropod communities

Climate warming is often more detrimental to large body sized organisms than small body sized organisms. Yet, how such differential effects of warming at organismal levels affect aggregate community properties, such as community biomass, remains little understood. Here, using geothermally warmed sub-Arctic grassland soils, we investigate how total biomass (product of density and individual body mass) of two major groups of soil microarthropods (Collembola and mites), which are composed of both large and small body sized species, shift in warmed soils when warmed by ∼3–∼6 °C. Our results show that total biomass of Collembola significantly decreased in warmed soils predominantly due to a decline in the density of large body sized species. In contrast, total mite biomass showed a unimodal response to warming. As a result, there was a shift towards mite biomass dominated microarthropod communities in warmed soils. Within Collembola, the deep soil living eu-edaphic functional group declined the most in total biomass, whereas the unimodal response in mites was most pronounced in oribatid mites. Our study highlights that warming induced shifts in total community biomass of soil microarthropods are likely due to greater detrimental effects of warming on several large body sized Collembola.

The Effect of Bean Seed Treatment with Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii on Soil Microarthropods (Acari, Collembola).

Simple SummaryPlant pest control is essential for agriculture. The treatment of agricultural crops with entomopathogenic fungi protects plants against pests and can also increase plant growth, but at the same time may disturb the community structure of non-target beneficial invertebrates, in particular soil microarthropods. This can have a negative impact on soil fertility and ultimately on crop yields. The effect of the treatment of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds, with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii, on the abundance and structure of soil microarthropod communities in the rhizosphere was assessed. Compared with the control, no adverse effect was revealed on both the abundance of soil microarthropods, including mites (Mesostigmata, Oribatida, Astigmata, Prostigmata) and springtails (Collembola), and the structure of microarthropod communities. Therefore, dressing seeds with a conidial suspension for plant inoculation, with entomopathogenic fungi (at least M. robertsii), can be assumed as a potentially safe method of plant protection for soil microarthropods.The treatment of agricultural crops with entomopathogenic fungi may disturb the structure of soil microarthropod communities, which can have an adverse impact on soil fertility and, ultimately, on the yield. The effect of the treatment of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds, with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii, on the abundance and community structure of soil microarthropods in the rhizosphere was assessed in different phases of plant vegetation in a two-year experiment. Under the conditions of the gradually decreased abundance of M. robertsii both in the soil cenoses and in the plants during summer, no adverse effect was revealed of the bean seed treatment, with the entomopathogenic fungus, on the abundance of soil microarthropods (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Oribatida and Astigmata; Collembola) and the structure of their communities. Similar results were obtained in the analysis, taking into account the positive colonization of plants. Some changes in the microarthropod community structure were explained primarily by the spatial heterogeneity of the field, the hydrothermal regime, and the features of the microarthropod life cycles. The results indicate the possibility of using dressing seeds with conidial suspension for plant inoculation with entomopathogenic fungus (at least M. robertsii) as a potentially safe plant protection method for non-target soil microarthropods.

Significant impact of allochthonous nutrient loads on microarthropods in forest soils

Aim of study: To investigate the impact of allochthonous material from piscivorous birds on forest soil microarthropod communities.
 Area of study: Six study zones in the Curonian Spit peninsula (western Lithuania) were designated in Pinus sylvestris stands with nesting sites of the great cormorants, taking into account the relief and the duration of the ornithogenic impact.
 Materials and methods: The total abundance of mites and Collembola and the species richness and diversity of Oribatida and Gamasina mites were assessed and compared.
 Main results: The abundance of Collembola, Tarsonemidae and Acaridae mites positively correlated with ornithogenic activity, while Oribatida and Gamasina mites decreased significantly. The structure of microarthropod communities was similar in most of the studied zones, except for the active nesting zone and the abandoned part of the colony on the dune slope. The greatest species richness of Oribatida and Gamasina was found in the unaffected forest in the dune hollow, whereas the lowest value was found in the active nesting area and in the abandoned part of the colony on the dune slope. Of the environmental parameters studied, soil pH (r = - 0.725) and tree layer (r = 0.827) were those most significantly related to the changes of microarthropod communities.
 Research highlights: We found that cormorant colonies have a strong impact on forest ecosystems and soil properties, leading to significant changes in soil microarthropod communities. Birds thus create a natural disturbance experiment that can help reveal the factors that determine the diversity and composition of natural microarthropod communities.

Response of Soil Microarthropod Community to Seasonal Changes in Urat Desert Steppe, Inner Mongolia

The abiotic factors via moisture and temperature play the most important role in the growth and development of soil microarthropods. Here we examined the seasonal distribution of the soil microarthropod communities in the Reaumuria soongorica shrubland of the Urat desert steppe in northwestern China in spring, summer, and autumn of 2019 and their relations with environmental factors. Our results showed that the total abundance and group richness of soil microarthropods community was significantly greater in summer than in spring and autumn. There were two indicator taxon (i.e., Cryptopalmites and Isotomidae) observed in summer, and one indicator taxon (i.e., Stigmaeidae) observed in autumn, whereas no indicator taxon was observed in spring. The partial RDA results showed that soil moisture and soil temperature were the main environmental factors that affected the distribution of soil microarthropods. In conclusion, the warm and moist summer harbored greater abundance and richness distribution of soil microhabitats, whereas there was stable diversity distribution across seasons in Urat desert steppe, northern China.

Changes in the Structure of Microarthropods Population in Relation to Edaphic Factors in a Managed Ecosystem of Cachar District, North East India

Micro-arthropods are important bio-indicators of soil health and are an integral part of food web in soil ecosystems. The present study elucidates the extent to which the various soil parameters influence the structure of soil microarthropod community. Soil sampling was done on monthly intervals and modified Berlese Tullgren funnel method was applied for the extraction of soil microarthropods. Soil temperature was noted on the study sites while other parameters of soil were analyzed. Results showed that the Collembola was the most dominant microarthropod and the density of microarthropods was recorded highest in July 2016 and lowest in September 2016. Soil organic carbon showed a significant positive correlation while other parameters revealed a weak correlation with the microarthropods density. CCA analyses revealed the occurrence of the different microarthropod groups in correspondence with the various abiotic variables and were discussed based on the microarthropods position in the CCA plot. The relation of the different edaphic variables with the microarthropods indicates that the potential contribution of all these variables should be considered for assessing the different aspects of microarthropods ecology

Effects of cultivating Coptis chinensis and Paris polyphylla on soil microarthropod communities.

In recent years, the area of herbal medicine planting is rapidly increasing. The effects of planting herbal medicines on soil invertebrate communities are still unclear. To reveal the effects of planting different herbal medicines on the soil microarthropod communities, soil microarthropods in two fields of planting Coptis chinensis and Paris polyphylla for 3-year and 5-year, respectively, were investigated in Pengzhou, Chengdu in July 2020. A total of 526 individuals of soil microarthropods were recorded and classified into 4 classes, 17 orders, 69 families, and 98 genera or taxonomic groups. The communities were dominated by Isotoma, Piatynothrus, Folsomia, and Paranura. The community structure of soil microarthropods differed obviously among the two herbal medicine fields, with the main influencing taxonomic groups of Proisotoma, Ocesobates and Epicridae. The total taxonomic group richness of soil microarthropods were richer in C. chinensis field than P. polyphylla field. There was no significant difference in the abundance and diversity index between the two fields. With the increases of cultivating years, the abundance of soil microarthropods in C. chinensis field declined significantly, and Shannon index increased significantly in P. polyphylla field. The redundancy analysis showed that the community structure of soil microarthropods was mainly affected by soil available N, pH, total K, and available K. It suggested that the effects of cultivating herbal medicines on soil microarthropod communities differed between herbal medicine species. Therefore, we recommended to intercrop C. chinensis and P. polyphylla for maintaining the stability of soil microarthropod diversity and promoting ecosystem function.

Effect of urban greening and afforestation on soil microarthropod communities in coastal reclaimed land: Insights from functional traits

Urban greening and afforestation are common practices to restore reclaimed land and improve urban environmental quality throughout the World. Soil microarthropods are essential for providing soil ecosystem services and are regarded as valuable indicators of habitat quality, but less attention has been given to their functional responses to restoration in coastal reclaimed land. In this study, we investigated Acari and Collembola communities in four differently restored habitats: unmanaged land, newly afforested land (without soil amendment), urban greenspace (with soil amendment) and old reclaimed afforested land in a reclaimed area of a coastal city in China to assess how taxonomic diversity and functional traits responded to different restoration methods and related soil and vegetation characteristics. We found that urban greening and afforestation significantly increased the taxonomic diversity of Acari but not of Collembola. Significant changes in community composition and functional traits were observed for both taxa. There were generally more large-bodied, well-sclerotized, K-selected, non-phoretic and litter-feeding Acari in the successfully restored habitats. The life form and related traits of Collembola exhibited adaption to different habitats, as unmanaged land and newly afforested land shared similar assemblages; urban greenspaces had the highest proportion of epedaphic Collembola (with developed furca, leg, antenna and ocelli) and algivores/herbivores, while old reclaimed afforested land had the lowest proportion of epedaphic Collembola. Multiple linear regression models revealed that the taxonomic diversity and functional traits of Acari were mainly determined by resource-related factors (soil organic matter and plant diversity), while the functional traits of Collembola were mainly determined by soil water content. Our study demonstrated that functional traits were important in determining the adaption of soil faunal communities to human activities and can be a useful tool for indicating habitat quality and related environmental changes.

喀斯特洞穴小型土壤节肢动物多样性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 喀斯特洞穴小型土壤节肢动物多样性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202008122104 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然基金项目（31760130）；贵阳市财政支持贵阳学院学科建设与研究生教育项目（SH-2020）；贵州省教育厅创新群体项目（黔教合KY字[2021]013号）；贵州省贵阳学院院士工作站项目（黔科合平台人才[2019]5605） Diversity of cave soil microarthropod in karst region Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究洞穴土壤节肢动物，有助于了解土壤节肢动物对特殊环境的响应，对于深入认识喀斯特生态过程具有重要意义。以喀斯特洞穴生态系统小型土壤节肢动物为研究对象，采用主成分分析、重复测量方差分析、相关性分析和冗余分析等方法探讨了小型土壤节肢动物与环境因子的相互作用关系。调查共获得小型土壤节肢动物2399个，隶属7纲15目121科。其中，自然林优势类群为等节跳科（Isotomidae），洞穴优势类群为奥甲螨科（Oppiidae）。PCA分析显示，洞穴与自然林小型土壤节肢动物群落组成差异明显。洞穴小型土壤节肢动物类群数、密度和Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）显著低于自然林（P<0.05），自然林小型土壤节肢动物类群数、密度和Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）季节差异显著（P<0.05），洞穴类群数、密度和Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）季节差异不明显。相关性分析结果表明，小型土壤节肢动物类群数和Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）与pH值、全磷和光照强度显著相关（P<0.05），密度与pH值、全磷、有机质和光照强度显著相关（P<0.05）。RDA分析表明，土壤pH值是影响小型土壤节肢动物多样性的最主要因子。研究结果表明，小型土壤节肢动物多样性受生境类型的影响，洞穴生态系统生境脆弱，稳定性差，不利于小型土壤节肢动物的生存。因此，应该加强洞穴生物多样性保护，避免不合理的开发利用。 Abstract:Karstic cave is a special closed ecosystem, with environmental condition significantly distinct from common ecosystem types, and it is considered an ideal place to study karst ecological processes. Soil arthropod is a critical component of terrestrial ecosystem, and highly sensitive to environmental changes and even small variation in ambient environmental condition has severe consequence on their community composition and diversity, so exploring the cave soil arthropod is helpful to understand the response of soil arthropod to special environment, and is of great significance for better understanding of ecological processes in karst areas. In this study, two habitats types (cave and natural forest) were selected in south Guizhou and soil microarthropod were investigated using Tullgren methods in May, July, October 2018 and January 2019, and principal component analysis(PCA), Repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson's correlation test and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to examine the interaction between soil microarthropod and environmental factors. A total of 2399 soil microarthropod specimens were captured and classified into 7 classes, 15 orders, and 121 families. Among them, the dominant group was Isotomidae in natural forest, Oppiidae in cave, accounting for 12.09% and 20.79% of the total density, respectively. PCA demonstrated that the structural composition of soil microarthropod communities differed markedly between the cave and natural forest. The group number, density and Shannon-Wiener index(H') in the different habitats showed that these indicators were significantly lower in the cave than those in the natural forests (P<0.05). The group number, density and Shannon-Wiener index(H') of the soil microarthropod had an obvious seasonal variation in natural forests (P<0.05), while these indicators in the cave showed no significant seasonal fluctuation. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that group number and Shannon-Wiener index(H') of the soil microarthropod were significantly correlated with pH, TP and light intensity, and density was correlated significantly with pH, TP, SOM and light intensity (P<0.05). RDA revealed that pH value was the main environmental factor affecting the diversity of the soil microarthropod community. All results showed that diversity of soil microarthropod is significantly influenced by habitat types. Cave ecosystem is extremely fragile, unstable and unfavorable for soil microarthropod survival. Therefore, we should strengthen protection of cave biodiversity, and avoid unreasonable development and utilization of cave. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Connectivity affects species turnover in soil microarthropod communities during Mediterranean forest establishment

AbstractEnvironmental conditions and the spatial arrangement of habitats are thought to play a major role in shaping community assembly during habitat construction and may be key in establishing time lags between habitat establishment and species colonization (colonization credits), and between local species extinction and habitat loss (extinction debts). Despite the importance of soil organisms in ecosystem functioning and their limited dispersal ability, these kinds of shifts in microarthropod communities have rarely been explored. We assessed the roles of the environment and connectivity in soil microarthropod community composition during habitat regeneration in Mediterranean forests. We selected three different forest patches in six study areas: one long‐established (pre‐1956; LONG) control forest patch, and two recent forest patches (post‐1956), one connected (CONN) to and one isolated (ISOL) from the LONG. In each patch, we determined soil temperature, moisture, pH, and fertility and collected soil samples for microarthropod extraction. Our results indicate that the densities of fauna such as oribatid mites and proturans with limited mobility were lower in ISOL than in other forest types; as well, oribatid populations in ISOL were less diverse. Arthropods with greater mobility than the precedent groups, such as collembolans and non‐oribatid mites, were present in lower densities in LONG than in other forest types. Oribatid assemblages in the two recent forest patches were more similar to one another than to those in the LONG. Recent forests were mostly dominated by known pioneer species, while LONG was dominated by the typical species found in well‐developed organic soils. In conclusion, oribatid density and richness had recovered surprisingly well in CONN, more so than in ISOL and to a similar extent as LONG. However, oribatid assemblages in the recent forests are different from those in long‐established forests due to the potential colonization credits and extinction debts triggered by soil development.

Air Warming and Drainage Influences Soil Microarthropod Communities

The degradation of wetlands due to climate change is of critical concern to human beings worldwide. Little is known about the potential synergistic effects of simultaneous water level reduction and warming on the underground wetland ecosystems. We conducted a 5-month field experiment in the Sanjiang Plain, utilizing open-top chambers and water level automatic control systems to investigate such synergistic effects. Soil springtails (Collembola) and mites (Acari) in the top (0–20 cm) soil layers were sampled to calculate their density, diversity, and to screen for indicator species. Warming significantly influenced soil springtail communities, slightly increasing the total density and total abundance under the natural water level while reducing them under a constant water level. In addition, Anurida maritima and Vertagopus laricis, two indicators for the natural water level, had the highest densities in the natural water level treatment and under the combined treatment of warming and natural water level, respectively. Cheiroseius sinicus and Malaconothrus tardus had the highest densities in warming under the 0 cm water level, significantly higher than the other three treatments. This study also revealed the importance of maintaining fluctuating water levels for microarthropod communities influenced by global warming, providing a theoretical basis for water level control in wetland restoration.

Soil microbiota and microarthropod communities in oil contaminated sites in the European Subarctic

The present comprehensive study aimed to estimate the aftermath of oil contamination and the efficacy of removing the upper level of polluted soil under the conditions of the extreme northern taiga of northeastern European Russia. Soil samples from three sites were studied. Two sites were contaminated with the contents of a nearby sludge collector five years prior to sampling. The highly contaminated upper soil level was removed from one of them. The other was left for self-restoration. A chemical analysis of the soils was conducted, and changes in the composition of the soil zoocoenosis and bacterial and fungal microbiota were investigated. At both contaminated sites, a decrease in the abundance and taxonomic diversity of indicator groups of soil fauna, oribatid mites and collembolans compared to the background site were found. The pioneer eurytopic species Oppiella nova, Proisotoma minima and Xenyllodes armatus formed the basis of the microarthropod populations in the contaminated soil. A complete change in the composition of dominant taxonomic units was observed in the microbiota, both the bacterial and fungal communities. There was an increase in the proportion of representatives of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in polluted soils compared to the background community. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria—Alcanivorax, Rhodanobacter ginsengisoli, Acidobacterium capsulatum, and Acidocella—and fungi—Amorphotheca resinae abundances greatly increased in oil-contaminated soil. Moreover, among both bacteria and fungi, a sharp increase in the abundance of uncultivated organisms that deserve additional attention as potential oil degraders or organisms with a high resistance to oil contamination were observed. The removal of the upper soil level was partly effective in terms of decreasing the oil product concentration (from approximately 21 to 2.6 g/kg of soil) and preventing a decrease in taxonomic richness but did not prevent alterations in the composition of the microbiota or zoocoenosis.

A Complex Soil Ecological Approach in a Sustainable Urban Environment: Soil Properties and Soil Biological Quality

The main purpose of the present study was to monitor actual contamination levels and execute a comparative assessment of results in a mid-sized Hungarian city for two different years. The first citywide soil investigations were completed in 2011. In 2018, the most prominent properties (pH, CaCO3, texture, and trace metals Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were reanalyzed and were supplemented with mesofauna on selected sites. The available trace metal elements of urban soils showed the following tendency in 2011: Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Cd &gt; Cr = Ni = Co. In 2018, the previous order changed to Zn &gt; Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Cr &gt; Cd = Ni = Co. Cd and Pb enrichments were found, especially near the M7 motorway. The comparison between 2011 and 2018 revealed soil contamination was, on average, higher in 2011. Soil microarthropod communities were sampled and assessed using abundance data and diversity measurements. Soil biological quality was evaluated with the help of the Soil Biological Quality (QBS-ar) index. Acari and Collembola appeared to be the most abundant, ubiquitous taxa in the samples. Simultaneously, important groups like Symphyla, Protura, and Chilopoda were completely absent from the most polluted sites. For the most part, lower taxa richness, diversity, and QBS-ar index were observed with higher available Cu Zn, and Pb concentrations.

Effects of Land-Use Change on Soil Functionality and Biodiversity: Toward Sustainable Planning of New Vineyards

Sustainable agriculture largely depends on soil biodiversity and requires efficient methods to assess the effectiveness of agronomic planning. Knowledge of the landscape and relative pedosite is enriched by data on the soil microarthropod community, which represent useful bio-indicators for early soil-quality detection in land-use change (LUC). In the hilly Maremma region of Grosseto, Italy, two areas, a &gt;10ys meadow converted into a vineyard and an old biodynamic vineyard (no-LUC), were selected for evaluating the LUC effect. For maintaining soil vitality and ecosystem services by meadow, the vineyard was planted and cultivated using criteria of the patented “Corino method”. The aim was to evaluate the LUC impact, within one year, by assessing parameters characterizing soil properties and soil microarthropod communities after the vineyard was planted. The adopted preservative method in the new vineyards did not show a detrimental impact on the biodiversity of soil microarthropods, and in particular, additional mulching contributed to a quick recovery from soil stress due to working the plantation. In the short term, the adopted agricultural context confirmed that the targeted objectives preserved the soil quality and functionality.

长期施加N、P肥对高寒草甸小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响

为查明长期施肥对高寒草甸小型土壤节肢动物群落影响，2012年5月下旬在西南民族大学青藏高原畜牧业高科技研究基地内用随机区组方式设置施N、P和NP混施三种处理实验样地，每种施肥处理分别设置10 g/m²、20 g/m²和30 g/m²三个施肥梯度，以不施肥的高寒草甸为对照样地。2017年8月对各样地内的小型土壤节肢动物、植物群落和土壤理化性质进行调查。结果表明：（1）施肥可以明显改变高寒草甸小型土壤节肢动物的群落组成结构，其中NP混施比单施N、P肥更能有效增加螨类和昆虫的类群数；（2）N、P、NP三种施肥种类的小型土壤节肢动物群落个体密度、类群数和Shannon多样性指数均显著增加（P<0.05），且当施肥量为20 g/m²时，小型土壤节肢动物群落的个体密度、类群数和Shannon多样性指数均达到最大；（3）小型土壤节肢动物群落的个体密度、类群数和Shannon多样性指数均与全磷含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。研究表明，在高寒草甸长期施加氮、磷肥，尤其是氮磷混施，不仅能够明显改变小型土壤节肢动物群落组成结构，还能显著提高群落密度和多样性，建议按照20 g/m²的总量对高寒草甸进行氮磷等量混施，以提高小型土壤节肢动物群落多样性及其生态功能。;The objective of this study was to examine the effects of long-term N and P addition on soil microarthropod communities in alpine meadows. Three addition treatments of N fertilizer (N), P fertilizer (P) and a NP mixed fertilizer (NP) were set up in Hongyuan County, northwest Sichuan, in late May 2012. Each treatment included three fertilization gradients of 10 g/m² (N₁₀, P₁₀ and NP₁₀), 20 g/m² (N₂₀, P₂₀ and NP₂₀), and 30 g/m²(N₃₀, P₃₀ and NP₃₀) with six replication plots in size of 3 m×3 m. Another six plots of alpine meadow without N and P addition were used as control treatments (CK). Investigations were conducted on the soil microarthropods and environmental factors in each plot in August 2017. Soil microarthropods were extracted from the soil samples for 48 h at 38℃ using the Tullgren method in the laboratory. The results showed that (1) the taxonomic composition structure of soil microarthropod communities was markedly influenced by N, P and NP additions, and the taxonomic richness of mites and insects were increased more significantly by NP mixed additions than N or P addition. (2) The individual density, taxonomic richness and Shannon diversity index of soil microarthropod communities increased significantly in the treatments of N, P and NP additions (P<0.05), and reached to maximum values at the fertilization gradient of 20 g/m². (3) The individual density, taxonomic richness and Shannon diversity index significantly and positively correlated with soil total P (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that additions of N, P, especially NP, changed the taxonomic composition structure, and increased the individual density and diversity of soil microarthropod communities in alpine meadows on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We recommended to add the N and P equal mixed fertilizer to alpine meadows at total amount of 20 g/m², to promote the soil microarthropod diversity and ecological functions.

Communities of Soil Microarthropods (Acari, Collembola) at Ash Dumps of a Combined Heat and Power Plant at Different Degrees of Conservation

The features of the composition and structure of soil microarthropod communities that are formed at ash dumps of a combined heat and power plant (CHPP) at the initial stages of their self-restoration at different degrees of conservation are studied. The research was carried out in 2017 in Novosibirsk (55°00′ N, 83°04′ E) at the ash dump of CHPP no. 5 consisting of two sections: the nonreclaimed section (S1) and the section reclaimed by covering ash and slag with potentially fertile soil (S2). A plot in a birch forest adjacent to the ash dump was used as a control. The material was collected in ash-dump zones differing in degrees of moisture (three plots in both S1 and S2) and in the control (in total, seven plots). Microarthropod communities included mites (Mesostigmata, Oribatida, and Prostigmata) and springtails (Collembola). The microarthropod abundance was significantly lower at both sections of the ash dump than in the control, while no significant differences were found between the ash-dump sections. The effect of reclamation was revealed only for mites. Among them, representatives of Oribatida proved to be most sensitive. There were no significant differences in the proportion of different groups of the community at S1. In turn, Oribatida were dominant at S2 and in the control. Based on the example of Oribatida and Mesostigmata model groups, it is shown that mite communities formed at the ash dump were species-poor and consisted of widespread species with a high degree of dominance of some of them. Oribatida can serve as a good bioindicator for assessing the soil state during restoration successions at ash dumps of CHP plants.