Soil Application Of Boron Research Articles

Effect of boron and molybdenum on chickpea under rainfed ecosystem

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Vijayapur, during rabi, season 2021-22, to study the effect of boron and molybdenum on chickpea under rainfed ecosystem. The experiment was laid out inRCBD (factorial concept) with three replications. There were sixteen treatment combinations, consisting of four levels ofboron and four levels of molybdenum. Among the boron levels, soil feeding of boron @ 5 kg ha-1 recorded significantly highergrain and haulm yield (2124 and 2943 kg ha-1 respectively), similarly significantly higher yield attributes were also recordedin above treatment. However, it was on par with soil application of boron @ 2.5 kg ha-1 (2082 kg ha-1 and 2888 kg ha-1respectively). Among the molybdenum treatments, seed treatment with molybdenum @1.5 g kg-1seed recorded significantlyhigher grain yield (2052 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2831 kg ha-1) as compare to other levels of molybdenum seed treatment.However, it was on par with seed treating with molybdenum @ 1.0 g kg-1 seed. Different combination of treatments hadsignificant influence on chickpea yield. The treatment combination of soil application of boron @ 5 kg ha-1and seedtreatment with molybdenum @ 1.5 g kg-1 seed recorded significantly higher grain yield (2418 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (3206kg ha-1). Soil application of boron @ 5 kg ha-1 and seed treatment with molybdenum @ 1.5 g kg-1 seed recorded significantlyhigher gross returns (`1,08,804 ha-1), net return (`79,806 ha-1) and BC ratio (3.75) than other treatments combination.

Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to soil and foliar application of boron in a vertisol

A field investigation was performed to know the response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to soil and foliarapplication of boron in a vertisol during rabi 2022 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.The experiment was laid out under RCBD design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments included wereabsolute control, RPP, soil (1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha-1) and foliar application (0.1% and 0.2%) of boron and their combinations. Theresults revealed that a significant higher seed yield of 1603 kg ha-1 and haulm yield (3491 kg ha-1)was recorded with RPP + soilapplication of boron @ 2 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of boron @ 0.2% along with significantly increase in plant height, number ofbranches per plant, dry matter production, number of capitulum plant-1, weight of capitulum per plant and test weight. Atharvest, soil available N, P, K, S and B were also higher in the above said treatment. However, benefit cost ratio was found tobe higher in treatment which received soil application of boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of boron @ 0.1% along

Effect of soil and foliar supplementation of nitrogen, boron and salicylic acid on quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in alfisols of Konkan

The field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of soil and foliar supplementation of nitrogen, boron and salicylic acid either alone or in combinations applied along with the recommended dose of fertilizers (135:60:30 NPK kg ha-1) on quality and nutrient content of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in acid Alfisols of Konkan at Research and Education Farm, Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Dr Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during the Summer season of 2018 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising ten treatment combinations replicated thrice. The results revealed that the quality parameters of cucumber grown in acid Alfisols of Konkan viz., TSS, reducing sugar, total sugar and titratable acidity; nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron content in plants significantly increased and recorded the maximum values due to the application of recommended dose of fertilizer (135:60:30 kg ha-1) + foliar spray of nitrogen through urea (1%) + soil application of boron through borax @ 2 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of salicylic acid (0.2%) along with 15 t ha-1 FYM.

Influence of boron on growth attributes, yield of black gram and available boron status in Typic chromustert

A field experiment was carried out at farmer’s field in Kalligudi block, Madurai district to evaluate the growth characters, available boron status and yield of black gram to soil and foliar applied boron in boron deficient calcareous soil. The experiment was outlined with thirteen treatments in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study revealed that the STCR based N, P2O5 and K2O along with soil application of boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 and foliar application of borax @ 0.25 per cent at critical growth stages of the crop registered the highest plant height, root dry weight, number root nodules and the grain yield. From the findings of this experiment it was finally concluded that there is a need for application of boron for improving the productivity of black gram in calcareous soil.

Organic nutrient management in aromatic rice-rice sequence: A critical review

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the “Effect of soil and foliar supplementation of nitrogen, boron and salicylic acid on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in alfisols of Konkan (M.S.)” at Research and Education Farm, Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during the Summer season of 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising ten treatment combinations replicated thrice, where the effect of soil and foliar supplementation of nitrogen, boron and salicylic acid either alone or in combinations applied along with the recommended dose of fertilizers (135:60:30 NPK kg ha-1) and an absolute control (to judge the fate of native nutrients) were studied. The study further revealed that the treatment receiving the application of recommended dose of fertilizer (135:60:30 kg ha-1) + Foliar spray of nitrogen through urea (1%) + Soil application of boron through borax @ 2 kg ha-1+ Foliar spray of salicylic acid (0.2%) was recorded the highest fruit yield (231.22 q ha-1) and yield attributing characters like number of fruits per vine (7.00) and weight of fruit i.e., 1.98 kg per vine as well as growth parameters viz. vine length (407.00 cm) and number of branches per vine (14.22) of Cucumber in alfisols of Konkan (M.S.).

Effect of Different Application Methods of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Cabbage

Zinc and boron are the most important trace nutrients for crop production. In recent years, cultivable lands in Bangladesh suffer deficiency of these elements. This research aimed to find out a suitable and effective application method to improve the overall soil nutrient up-gradation for crop production. Here, the treatments were control (T0), soil application of zinc (T1), soil application of boron (T2), foliar application of zinc (T3), foliar application of boron (T4), soil application of zinc and boron (T5), soil application of zinc with foliar application of boron (T6), soil application of boron with foliar application of zinc (T7), and foliar application of zinc and boron (T8). The source of zinc @ 3 kg ha-1 and boron @ 2 kg ha-1 as a basal dose were zinc sulphate and borax, respectively. The foliar application of zinc and boron was done at 45 and 60 days after transplanting @ 1% and the source were chelated zinc and solubor boron, respectively. The result of the experiment was concerning the highest plant height, plant spreading, the number of leaves, stem length, stem diameter, fresh weight of loose leaves, head diameter, head thickness, dry matter content of head, and yield. The highest yield of cabbage was found with the treatment foliar application of zinc and boron (T8). The results of this investigation revealed that the application methods of zinc and boron positively affect the growth and yield of cabbage whereas foliar application of these nutrients always makes higher growth parameters with yield.

Application of different levels of NPK along with soil and foliar application of zinc and boron in cashew for increasing production with sustainability

The effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium along with soil and foliar application of zinc and boron on yield and quality of cashew nut (Annacardium occidentale L.) Variety Vengurla-4 in lateritic soil of Konkan has been studied during May 2016 to April 2017 in Randomized Block Design with four levels of NPK (1.0:0.25:0.25, 1.0:0.50:0.50, 1.5:0.75:0.75 and 2.0:1.0:1.0 kg NPK per tree) with or without soil application of boron through borax @ 50g + zinc through zinc sulphate @ 125g/tree or foliar application of boron through borax @ 0.25% + zinc through zinc sulphate @ 0.5% /tree, an absolute control (to judge the fate of native nutrients) comprising thirteen treatments replicated thrice. It is revealed from the study that 12.80 to 44.09 per cent increase in the yield of cashew nut was recorded during 2016-17 with application of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium along with soil or foliar application of boron through borax and zinc through zinc sulphate. The highest yield of cashew nut per tree (10.36 kg tree-1) and number of nuts per kg were was recorded with the application of recommended dose of fertilizer + soil application of boron through borax @ 50 g + zinc through zinc sulphate @ 125g/tree (treatment T6). Application of 2.0:1.0:1.0 NPK kg/ tree + boron through borax @0.25%+ zinc through zinc sulphate @ 0.5%/tree (T13) recorded significantly higher organic carbon and available Mn in the soil. Application of fertilizer levels @1.0:0.25:0.25 NPK kg/tree + boron through borax @ 0.25%+ zinc through zinc sulphate @0.5%/tree (T10) recorded significantly higher available nitrogen and zinc in the soil. All these treatments were at par with the application 1.0:0.50:0.50 kg NPK per tree along with spraying of foliar application of boron though borax @ 0.25% + zinc through zinc sulphate @ 0.5% (T11). By considering the higher yield of cashew nut, chemical properties of soil and availability of nutrients in the soil, application 1.0:0.50:0.50 kg NPK per tree along with spraying of foliar application of boron though borax @ 0.25% + zinc through zinc sulphate @ 0.5% found to be beneficial in lateritic soils of Konkan.

Bio-efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate 3.5% + lambda cyhalothrin 5% WP against sucking insect pests of chilli during <em>Rabi</em> season 2017-18 and 2018-19

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the “Effect of soil and foliar supplementation of nitrogen, boron and salicylic acid on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in alfisols of Konkan (M.S.)” at Research and Education Farm, Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during the Summer season of 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising ten treatment combinations replicated thrice, where the effect of soil and foliar supplementation of nitrogen, boron and salicylic acid either alone or in combinations applied along with the recommended dose of fertilizers (135:60:30 NPK kg ha-1) and an absolute control (to judge the fate of native nutrients) were studied. The study further revealed that the treatment receiving the application of recommended dose of fertilizer (135:60:30 kg ha-1) + Foliar spray of nitrogen through urea (1%) + Soil application of boron through borax @ 2 kg ha-1+ Foliar spray of salicylic acid (0.2%) was recorded the highest fruit yield (231.22 q ha-1) and yield attributing characters like number of fruits per vine (7.00) and weight of fruit i.e., 1.98 kg per vine as well as growth parameters viz.vine length (407.00 cm) and number of branches per vine (14.22) of Cucumber in alfisols of Konkan (M.S.).

Interaction of soil boron application with leaf B concentration, root length density, and canopy size of citrus affected by Huanglongbing

Good and balanced citrus nutrition is important for high fruit yields and improved tree performance. A study was conducted for 2 years to investigate the effect of soil application of boron (B) on leaf nutrient content, canopy size, and root length density (RLD). The study was conducted on 10-year-old Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)-infected Vernia sweet orange on Rough Lemon rootstock in a commercial grove east of St. Cloud, FL planted at 375 trees ha−1 on a traditional soluble dry nutrition and spray programs. Treatments were supplied with various ground-applied controlled-release fertilizer treatments containing B. Boron was applied at 0×, 2×, and 4× current University of Florida recommendation where 1× = 1.12 kg ha−1. Data collected included leaf B nutrient content, soil B concentration, trunk diameters, canopy volumes, soil electrical conductivity, and soil pH. The 0×, 2×, and 4× application rates corresponded with leaf nutrient contents ranging from 56 mg kg−1 and 88 mg kg−1 in March 2017, 162 mg kg−1 and 288 mg kg−1 in September 2017, and 122 mg kg−1 and 320 mg kg−1 in May 2018. Temporary, RLD decreased with time from March to September 2017 by 13, 30, and 37% at the 0, 2.24, and 4.48 kg B ha−1 and increased by 309, 258, and 306% at the 0, 2.24, and 4.48 kg B ha−1, respectively, from September 2017 to May 2018. No consistent pattern was established between soil B application with canopy size.

Boron application improves yield of rice cultivars under high temperature stress during vegetative and reproductive stages.

It is reported that high temperatures (HT) would cause a marked decrease in world rice production. In tropical regions, high temperatures are a constraint to rice production and the most damaging effect is on spikelet sterility. Boron (B) plays a very important role in the cell wall formation, sugar translocation, and reproduction of the rice crop and could play an important role in alleviating high temperature stress. A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of B application on high temperature tolerance of rice cultivars in B-deficient soil. The treatments comprised of four boron application treatments viz. control (B0), soil application of 1kg B ha-1 (B1), soil application of 2kg B ha-1 (B2), and foliar spray of 0.2% B (Bfs); three rice cultivars viz. Annapurna (HT stress tolerant), Naveen, and Shatabdi (both HT stress susceptible); and three temperature regimes viz. ambient (AT), HT at vegetative stage (HTV), and HT at reproductive stage (HTR). The results revealed that high temperature stress during vegetative or flowering stage reduced grain yield of rice cultivars mainly because of low pollen viability and spikelet fertility. The effects of high temperature on the spikelet fertility and grain filling varied among cultivars and the growth stages of plant when exposed to the high temperature stress. Under high temperature stress, the tolerant cultivar displays higher cell membrane stability, less accumulation of osmolytes, more antioxidant enzyme activities, and higher pollen viability and spikelet fertility than the susceptible cultivars. In the present work, soil application of boron was effective in reducing the negative effects of high temperature both at vegetative and reproductive stages. Application of B results into higher grain yield under both ambient and high temperature condition over control for all the three cultivars; however, more increase was observed for the susceptible cultivar over the tolerant one. The results suggest that the exogenous application of boron had a substantial effect on cell membrane stability, sugar mobilization, pollen viability, and spikelet fertility, hence the yield. The cultivars due to their variation in the tolerance level for high temperature stress behaved differently, and at high temperature stress, more response of the application of boron was seen in susceptible cultivars.

Effects of Soil and Foliar Application of Boron on Nutrient Uptake, Growth, and Yields of Red Bayberry

The results of a three-year field experiment showed that boron application significantly increased spring shoot length, spring shoot incidence, leaf area, and uptake of N, P, and K in red bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zuca). Soil application of boron gave a significantly higher fruit yield than foliar application of boron in 2009 and 2008. On average, over three years the increases in uptake amounts of N, P, and K as well as fruit yield were in the following order: soil application of boron every year > foliar B application every year > soil B application only in the first year > foliar B application only in the first year.

Effects of Boron Applications on Flower Spike Dieback of Statice (Limonium spp.)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of boron treatments on flower spike dieback of Statice (Limonium spp.) grown in soilless hydroponic and soil cultures under rain shelter system. The growth of Statice was gradually improved with increasing boron applications in the hydroponics, but not in soil culture with boron treatment as foliar spray or soil application. The degree of flower spike dieback in 6 levels (0, no dieback incidence to 5, very severe dieback incidence) ranged between 0.5 with boron application and 4.4 with no boron treatment. The content of boron in Statice flower spike increased with increasing rates of boron applications in the hydroponics, but the contents of P, Mg, and N were not affected by the boron application. However, K content was highest with no boron treatment. In soil culture, incidence of flower spike dieback decreased with foliar spray or soil application of boron. Therefore, boron application was effective in reducing flower spike dieback and improving cut-flower productivity and its quality, and the recommended rates of boron application were <TEX>$50{\sim}80{\mu}gL^{-1}$</TEX> for hydroponics culture whereas 0.2% borex or <TEX>${\geq}0.4kg\;10a^{-1}$</TEX> boric acid by foliar spray application for soil culture.

Influence of soil and foliar application of borax on fractions of boron under tomato cultivation in boron deficient soil of Typic Haplustalf

Boron (B) is a micronutrient which plays an important role in crop production. Tomato is one of the crops which respond well to B application. Blossom end rot of tomato is due to the deficiency symptom of B which affects the economic value of tomato. The present investigation was undertaken with tomato (PKM 1) as the test crop to study the effect of application of boron on boron fractions viz., readily soluble, specifically adsorbed, oxide bound, organically bound, residual and total boron in boron deficient soil of Madukkur soil series. There were twelve treatments viz., soil application of boron as borax at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1and foliar application of boron as borax at 0.25 and 0.50% spray twice at 50th and 80th, 60th and 90th and 50th and 90th days after transplanting which were replicated thrice in randomized block design (RBD). The results indicated that the application of 20 kg borax ha-1 recorded the highest mean value of boron fractions viz., readily soluble (0.33 ppm), specifically adsorbed (0.27 ppm), oxide bound (0.85 ppm), organically bound (0.12 ppm), residual (34.03 ppm) and total boron (35.59 ppm). Among all five fractions, residual boron contributed nearly 96.36 to 97.83% to total boron at harvest stage of crop. The results also revealed that all the five fractions of boron were decreased with progressive growth stages of crop. Key words: Boron application, boron fractions, tomato (PKM 1).

The effect of boron application on boron partitioning in Tristar and Benton strawberries

Abstract Soil applications of boron were applied shortly before transplanting dormant strawberry plants into the field in early April. Composite samples of ‘Benton’ and ‘Tristar’ grown under soil applied B fertilizer rates of 0, 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 kg/ha B were taken during June, August, and September in 1985. ‘Benton’ plants were resampled in April 1986. Tissue concentrations and dry weights were determined for up to ten plant parts. Concentrations decreased over time. Differences in B content between treatments were greatest early in the season and gradually disappeared. The amounts of boron in different plant parts were similar by September for ‘Tristar’ and in the following spring for ‘Benton’. Even though total boron content in strawberry plants could be doubled with the high boron application, little change occurred in nonleaf tissues. Approximately 90% of the additional boron in a plant resulting from soil application of B was found in the leaves. Total B content of nonleaf tissues was similar regardless of B treatment. Interpreting boron concentrations was difficult because all plant parts were signficantly correlated to leaf concentrations, even though total boron uptake of nonleaf tissues did not differ between treatments. Elevated B concentrations were partly due to decreases in dry weight. Leaf tissue analysis did not accurately indicate B status of other plant parts and tissue concentrations can be misleading if total B contents are not evaluated.

Interactions

Abstract One of the factors limiting grain yield in maize is the prevalence of nubbins—ears with unfertilized and/or partially filled kernels at their tips or along their lengths. Several stress factors are known to result in nubbins, namely: high population density, shade, high temperature and water deficiency around pollination time, and deficiencies of N, P, K, Mn, Zn, and B. The single‐factor contribution and the interaction between some of the above factors for successful seed‐set and transport of assimilates to the fertilized kernels (grain filling) are reviewed. Observations show that under similar growth conditions, maize genotypes are differently susceptible to the barrenness disorder. The data indicate that under high population density (100,000 plants/ha), soil application of boron can, in some genotypes, increase the total length of the ear, increase the portion covered with fully developed kernels, decrease (but not eliminate) the apical barren section, and increase kernel yield.

Boron nutrition of carrots and table beets grown in a boron deficient soil

Abstract Soil applications of boron (B) generally had little effect on yield of carrots (Daucus carota L.) and beets (Beta vulgaris L.) in a field study. However, in a greenhouse study B significantly increased the yield of carrots. Boron deficiency impaired the quality of both crops. Boron deficient beets had brown tops and roots were rough, scaby, and off colour. There was a depression on the sides of most of the beet roots and cut sections of affected roots were darker and necrotic compared to bright purplish red roots grown with sufficient B. In carrots, B deficiency resulted in yellow tops and the roots were both rough and small with a distinct white core in the middle. Leaf tissue B concentrations of 32–40 μg/g in beets and 22–28 μg/g in carrots were related to B deficiency. Tissue B levels as high as 121 μg/g in beets and 149 μg/g in carrots were not associated with any B toxicity. Applications of B had no effect on tissue Ca and Mg concentration in the two crops.

Die-back of apricot trees following soil application of boron

Abstract Die-back and other symptoms consistent with those of boron toxicity developed in spring 1980 and 1981 in 70 and 39% respectively of Sundrop apricot trees that had been given about 2.4 g per tree of B as borax when they were planted in a commercial block in 1978. Trees of the same variety planted in adjacent rows in 1979 which had not received B grew well. Analyses of 13 major and minor elements in buds, leaves, bark, and fruits from both groups of trees showed no consistent differences between the 2 groups of trees except in tissue B levels. B concentrations were highest in buds, with a similar pattern of change occurring during the dormant period in both healthy and unhealthy trees. In spring 1981, buds on unhealthy trees which failed to break contained 40-100 μg/g dry matter (DM) (average 82.3 μg/g DM) B, whereas buds from similar positions on healthy trees not receiving B contained 23-43 μg/g DM (average 37.0 μg/g DM) B. Replant Moorpark apricot trees in another commercial orchard, given great...