Software Processing Method Research Articles

Evaluating the Combined Use of the NDVI and High-Density Lidar Data to Assess the Natural Regeneration of P. pinaster after a High-Severity Fire in NW Spain

Pinus pinaster Ait. is an important timber species in NW Spain and is affected by forest fires every year. The persistence of this species after fire mainly depends on natural regeneration, which is very variable. In this study, we evaluated the combined use of the NDVI and LiDAR data for assessing P. pinaster regeneration success after fire in terms of density, cover and height. For this purpose, we selected a P. pinaster stand affected by a high-severity wildfire in October 2017. Field surveys and remotely piloted aircraft flights (with a high-density LiDAR sensor and multispectral camera) were conducted four years after the fire (October 2021). The study area is characterized as being particularly complex terrain, with a combination of pine trees and a high density of scrub and low vegetation. Field measurements were made in 16 study plots distributed over the burned area. Two different types of software and data processing methods were used to calculate the LiDAR-derived metrics. For pine variables, the LiDAR-based estimates of structural characteristics calculated with both data processing methods proved inadequate and were very poorly correlated with the field-measured data, while for shrubland the estimates proved to be more comparable to the field measurements. The inability of the laser pulses to reach the ground due to the complexity of the area/vegetation could lead to loss of information, calling into question the accuracy of LiDAR data in this type of scenario. LiDAR technology continues to expand in different areas and applications, and in forestry, future studies should focus on application in more complex terrain.

Green Software Process Assessment: The Theoretical Framework

Many differentdomains such as engineering, education and health apply green development through sustainability concept.The aim is to ensure the product and services are still relevance and applicable for the next generation. Previously, they were three common pillars of sustainability elements which were economic, social, and environmental. The technical and individual elements were added later to evaluate the software system. Yet, effortsare made to achieve green development process by reducing wastes and to preserve the environment.Most studies targeted on greenness of software products and less consideration on green in software processes. In this study, focus is given to ensure and guarantee green in software process activities. This paper presents the background works on existing studies in green software process and related. Further, it presents the theoretical framework that is based on literature findings and will be the groundwork of this study. The theoretical frameworkdefined consists of software process, green context, and assessment method. The elements of sustainability and waste reduction will be identified further.

An Accelerator Architecture of Changeable-Dimension Matrix Computing Method for SVM

Matrix multiplication is a critical time-consuming processing step in many machine learning applications. Due to the diversity of practical applications, the matrix dimensions are generally not fixed. However, most matrix calculation methods, based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) currently use fixed matrix dimensions, which limit the flexibility of machine learning algorithms in a FPGA. The bottleneck lies in the limited FPGA resources. Therefore, this paper proposes an accelerator architecture for matrix computing method with changeable dimensions. Multi-matrix synchronous calculation concept allows matrix data to be processed continuously, which improves the parallel computing characteristics of FPGA and optimizes the computational efficiency. This paper tests matrix multiplication using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to verify the performance of proposed architecture on the ZYNQ platform. The experimental results show that, compared to the software processing method, the proposed architecture increases the performance by 21.18 times with 9947 dimensions. The dimension is changeable with a maximum value of 2,097,151, without changing hardware design. This method is also applicable to matrix multiplication processing with other machine learning algorithms.

Cerebral activation effects of acupuncture at Yanglinquan(GB34) point acquired using resting-state fMRI

ObjectiveTo explore the central mechanism of acupuncture points for regional homogeneity(ReHo) of resting state in brain function after acupuncture at GB34. MethodsTen healthy volunteers were enrolled, which included 4 males and 6 females, aged 20–34 years old with median age of 23. The GE Signa HDxt 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging were performed before (control group) and after acupuncture at GB34, and differences of different brain ReHo of 2 groups by statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) software and ReHo data processing methods were analyzed. The statistically different brain regions were obtained by false discovery rate corrected (FDR-Corrected). ResultsCompared with control group, the anterior cingulated gyrus, left temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, right frontal gyrus were enhanced ReHo after acupuncture at GB34. The left thalamus, right insular cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate were decreased ReHo after acupuncture at GB34. ConclusionIt is demonstrated that the signal synchronization change ReHo in different brain regions including cognitive, motor, default network, limbic system and other parts of encephalic region after acupuncture at GB34, suggesting that the central mechanism of acupuncture at GB34 is the result of all levels of the combined effects of brain networks.

Research on Background Knowledge Based Software Processing Method of Target Height Measurement for 3D Radar

The three-dimensional (3D) radar can detect 3D information of air targets, including range, azimuth and height. It is considered as an important equipment of the air defense detection system in various countries. The precision of target height measurement is the key challenge in radar detection due to the influences of the complex background environment of air targets. This paper considers the background knowledge during target detection. By using the background knowledge of radar position meteorological parameters and multi-dimensional radar position RAG maps etc., this paper proposes an integrated software processing method to improve the precision of target height measurement for 3D radar and designs a height confidence evaluation model to improve the fusion precision of height information in the superior command unit of the radar.

Software and Hardware Implementations of Stereo Matching

Stereo matching is one of the key technologies in stereo vision system due to its ultra high data bandwidth requirement, heavy memory accessing and algorithm complexity. To speed up stereo matching, various algorithms are implemented by different software and hardware processing methods. This paper presents a survey of stereo matching software and hardware implementation research status based on local and global algorithm analysis. Based on different processing platforms, including CPU, DSP, GPU, FPGA and ASIC, analysis are made on software or hardware realization performance, which is represented by frame rate, efficiency represented by MDES, and processing quality represented by error rate. Among them, GPU, FPGA and ASIC implementations are suitable for real-time embedded stereo matching applications, because they are low power consumption, low cost, and have high performance. Finally, further stereo matching optimization technologies are pointed out, including both algorithm and parallelism optimization for data bandwidth reduction and memory storage strategy.

Software Method for the Signal Processing of Grating Based on SCM

For the purpose of improving the interference resistance and accuracy of the grating detection system, a SCM-based software design method for grating signal processing is proposed in the thesis. In the method, two differential signals output from the grating detection circuit are amplified and shaped via the conditioning circuit, converted into digital quantity through AD conversion and processed by the SCM. Relying on the programming, properties of direction discrimination and subdivision are attained while effective computation accuracy of subdivided data and signal processing speed are guaranteed. The software processing method simplifies system hardware circuit, cuts down the cost, improves the resolution and measurement precision of the system due to the stable performance and strong interference resistance. The method is experimentally proved to be practical and worthy of promotion, which can be utilized in machine tool reform and relevant position detection systems.

Relating Software Quality Models and Process Methods to User Value

The ultimate object of software development should be to deliver value to all stakeholders. The traditional approach to delivering this value is to ensure that the software developed is of the high...

Relating Software Quality Models and Process Methods to User Value

The ultimate object of software development should be to deliver value to all stakeholders. The traditional approach to delivering this value is to ensure that the software developed is of the highest quality. A number of quality models have been proposed to specify or describe what constitutes high quality software. The ISO9126 is one such model and perhaps the most comprehensive. Similarly, there are several methods, frameworks and guidelines for ensuring software quality in either the development or use process or both. Software Quality Management and Risk Management are probably the two most popular methods employed by developers during software development and implementation to deliver quality. In this paper the authors examine whether, and to what extent, the implied value propositions of software products as portrayed by the ISO9126 quality model and the prescribed processes in Software Quality Management and Risk Management, map onto user value perceptions and experiences. An ontology of value, in the form of a value tree, is developed and used to identify and analyse the key value dimensions of the ISO9126 quality model and the Software Quality Management and Risk Management process methods. These are then mapped onto contextualised user value characterisations derived from the extant literature. Differences identified are analysed and discussed and the authors suggest approaches that could narrow the perennial gap between idealised quality product and process models and stakeholder perceptions and actualisations of software value.

ULTRASOUND IMAGING SYSTEM WITH PIXEL ORIENTED PROCESSING

An ultrasound imaging system with pixel oriented processing is provided in which an acoustic signal is generated, echoes from the acoustic signal are received at a plurality of receiving elements to obtain echo signals that are then stored, a given pixel is mapped into a region of the stored signals, the mapped region of the stored echo signals is organized into array for the given pixel after which the array is processed to generate a signal response for the given pixel to obtain acoustic information for the given pixel. The system can be implemented entirely on plug-in cards for a commercial PC motherboard. The system and method can be implemented for pixel-oriented or voxel-oriented image processing and display, eliminating intermediate data computations and enabling extensive use of software processing methods. Advantages include improved acquisition of signal dynamic range, flexible acquisition modes for high frame rate 2D, 3D, and Doppler blood flow imaging.

Morphometric bronchoscopy in adults with central airway obstruction: Case illustrations and review of the literature

The severity of airway narrowing impacts ventilatory function, quality of life, and choice of therapy for patients with central airway obstruction. The quantification of airway caliber remains a subjective estimate that depends on patient positioning, technique, and operator experience. In this article, we describe how morphometric bronchoscopy, a software processing method whereby bronchoscopic digital images are analyzed in order to measure airway lumen diameter, can be used to objectively quantify the degree of airway narrowing in adult patients with central airway obstruction.

Exploring the underlying aspects of pair programming: The impact of personality

With the recent advent of agile software process methods, a number of seldom used and unorthodox practices have come to the forefront in the field of computer programming. One such practice is that of pair programming, which is characterized by two programmers sharing the same computer for collaborative programming purposes. The very nature of pair programming implies a psychological and social interaction between the participating programmers and thus brings into play a unique element that we do not see with the conventional individual programming model. This paper focuses on the effects that one of these psychosocial factors, a programmer’s personality type, may have on the pair programming environment. In this study, a group of university students, 68 undergraduate students and 60 master’s degree graduate students, each of whom had been personality type profiled using the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) model, was split into three sub-groups. One group consisted of subjects who were alike in MBTI type. Another group consisted of subjects who were opposite to each other in MBTI type, and the last group was comprised of subjects who were diverse – partially alike and partially opposite – in MBTI type. Through two pair programming sessions, the pairs in each group were assessed for their output, in code productivity. The result showed that the sub-group of subjects who were diverse in MBTI type exhibited higher productivity than both alike and opposite groups. In a comparison between alike and opposite groups, the productivity of the opposite group was greater than that of the alike group.

Discovering models of software processes from event-based data

Many software process methods and tools presuppose the existence of a formal model of a process. Unfortunately, developing a formal model for an on-going, complex process can be difficult, costly, and error prone. This presents a practical barrier to the adoption of process technologies, which would be lowered by automated assistance in creating formal models. To this end, we have developed a data analysis technique that we term process discovery. Under this technique, data describing process events are first captured from an on-going process and then used to generate a formal model of the behavior of that process. In this article we describe a Markov method that we developed specifically for process discovery, as well as describe two additional methods that we adopted from other domains and augmented for our purposes. The three methods range from the purely algorithmic to the purely statistical. We compare the methods and discuss their application in an industrial case study.