Soft Proofing Research Articles

Large Fourier coefficients of half-integer weight modular forms

abstract: This article is concerned with the Fourier coefficients of cusp forms (not necessarily eigenforms) of half-integer weight lying in the plus space. We give a soft proof that there are infinitely many fundamental discriminants $D$ such that the Fourier coefficients evaluated at $|D|$ are non-zero. By adapting the resonance method, we also demonstrate that such Fourier coefficients must take quite large values.

Optical and Electromechanical Design and Implementation of an Advanced Multispectral Device to Capture Material Appearance.

The application of materials with changing visual properties with lighting and observation directions has found broad utility across diverse industries, from architecture and fashion to automotive and film production. The expanding array of applications and appearance reproduction requirements emphasizes the critical role of material appearance measurement and surface characterization. Such measurements offer twofold benefits in soft proofing and product quality control, reducing errors and material waste while providing objective quality assessment. Some image-based setups have been proposed to capture the appearance of material surfaces with spatial variations in visual properties in terms of Spatially Varying Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (SVBRDF) and Bidirectional Texture Functions (BTF). However, comprehensive exploration of optical design concerning spectral channels and per-pixel incident-reflection direction calculations, along with measurement validation, remains an unexplored domain within these systems. Therefore, we developed a novel advanced multispectral image-based device designed to measure SVBRDF and BTF, addressing these gaps in the existing literature. Central to this device is a novel rotation table as sample holder and passive multispectral imaging. In this paper, we present our compact multispectral image-based appearance measurement device, detailing its design, assembly, and optical considerations. Preliminary measurements showcase the device's potential in capturing angular and spectral data, promising valuable insights into material appearance properties.

Connes' integration and Weyl's laws

This paper deals with some questions regarding the notion of integral in the framework of Connes' noncommutative geometry. First, we present a purely spectral theoretic construction of Connes' integral. This answers a question of Alain Connes. We also deal with the compatibility of Dixmier traces with Lebesgue's integral. This answers another question of Alain Connes. We further clarify the relationship of Connes' integration with Weyl's laws for compact operators and Birman–Solomyak's perturbation theory. We also give a “soft proof” of Birman–Solomyak's Weyl's law for negative order pseudodifferential operators on closed manifold. This Weyl's law yields a stronger form of Connes' trace theorem. Finally, we explain the relationship between Connes' integral and semiclassical Weyl's law for Schrödinger operators, including for (fractional) Schrödinger operators on Euclidean spaces and on noncommutative manifolds. We thus get a neat links between noncommutative geometry and semiclassical analysis.

Graphene and Liquid Metal Integrated Multifunctional Wearable Platform for Monitoring Motion and Human-Machine Interfacing.

Motion sensors are an essential component of many electronic systems. However, the development of inertial motion sensors based on fatigue-free soft proof mass has not been explored extensively in the field of soft electronics. Nontoxic gallium-based liquid metals are an emerging class of material that exhibit attractive electromechanical properties, making them excellent proof mass materials for inertial sensors. Here, we propose and demonstrate a fully soft laser-induced graphene (LIG) and liquid metal-based inertial sensor integrated with temperature, humidity, and breathing sensors. The inertial sensor design confines a graphene-coated liquid metal droplet inside a fluidic channel, rolling over LIG resistive electrode. The proposed sensor architecture and material realize a highly mobile proof mass and a vibrational space for its oscillation. The inertial sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 6.52% m-1 s2 and excellent repeatability (over 12 500 cycles). The platform is fabricated using a scalable, rapid laser writing technique and integrated with a programmable system on a chip (PSoC) to function as a stand-alone system for real-time wireless monitoring of movement patterns and the control of a robotic arm. The developed printed inertial platform is an excellent candidate for the next-generation of wearables motion tracking platforms and soft human-machine interfaces.

Visualization of balanced interlacement for digital jacquard based on interlacement frequency statistics and data

The balanced interlacement of woven structures directly affects the surface effect and production efficiency of woven fabric. If it fails to meet the requirement of balanced interlacement, the manufacturing of woven fabric could be unable to proceed. Under layered-combination design mode, the structure of full-color compound digital jacquard fabric designed in this study is a type of compound structure expressing the effect of single-layer structure. The warp and weft interlacement frequency of compound structure is the key to the balanced interlacement. The fabric expresses balanced interlacement if interlacement frequency in the warp/weft remains relatively constant, if not, then it is unbalanced. Apart from the analysis of the covering effect of adjacent threads, an interlacement frequency statistical program was compiled, the statistical data of warp/weft interlacement frequency were acquired, and then they were visualized in form of tables, figures, or scatter plots for balanced interlacement status comparison and optimal selection of balanced interlacement for full-color compound weaves. The results proved that the visualization of interlacement frequency was not only able to quantify the warp/weft balanced interlacement for basic/joint weaves, full-color compound weaves and compound structures, but also offered potential assistance to predict balanced interlacement status and prevent unbalanced interlacement before weaving. This study outlines how the visualization of balanced interlacement can be applied to the soft proofing of digital jacquard fabrics.

Observer variability study and method to implement observer categories for novel light source projection system

AbstractAs display technology advances in color gamut, the potential of experiencing higher degree of observer metamerism is more likely with narrow bandwidth stimuli display devices. In previous studies, it is confirmed that observer metamerism was introduced in soft proofing with monitor and color grading with projector scenarios, and also led to serious implications. Hence, it is desired to investigate whether laser‐based projection system would introduce observer metamerism compared to halogen‐based projection system. In this study, a two‐part experiment was designed and conducted. Experiment 1 was based on color patches and experiment 2 was based on test images. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer variability were calculated and analyzed. Both experiments had illustrated observer metamerism was introduced in laser‐based projection system. Comparison to CIE Standard Observers was also conducted for each experiment, and the results had suggested that the CIE Standard Observers were not suitable for laser‐based projection system. A new observer category was required at least for the group of observers participating the experiments. A quick method to transform the content from the CIE 1964 Standard Observer for color patches or the CIE 1931 Standard Observer for images has been established in experiment 1, and this quick method could help to facilitate the growth of personalized color management system.

Small local action of singular integrals on spaces of non-homogeneous type

Fix d\geq 2 and s\in (0,d) . In this paper we introduce a notion called small local action associated to a singular integral operator, which is a necessary condition for the existence of the principal value integral. Our goal is to understand the geometric properties of a measure for which an associated singular integral has small local action. We revisit Mattila's theory of symmetric measures and relate, under the condition that the measure has finite upper density, the existence of small local action to the cost of transporting the measure to a collection of symmetric measures. As an application, we obtain a soft proof of a theorem of Ruiz de Villa and Tolsa on the measures for which the principal value integral associated with the s -Riesz transform exists if s\not\in \mathbb{Z} . Furthermore, we provide a considerable generalization of this theorem if s\in (d-1,d) .

软打样显示器的显色性能研究

软打样显示器的显色性能研究

Content-dependent adaptation in a soft proof matching experiment

Content-dependent adaptation in a soft proof matching experiment

Individual Colorimetric Observer Model.

This study proposes a vision model for individual colorimetric observers. The proposed model can be beneficial in many color-critical applications such as color grading and soft proofing to assess ranges of color matches instead of a single average match. We extended the CIE 2006 physiological observer by adding eight additional physiological parameters to model individual color-normal observers. These eight parameters control lens pigment density, macular pigment density, optical densities of L-, M-, and S-cone photopigments, and λmax shifts of L-, M-, and S-cone photopigments. By identifying the variability of each physiological parameter, the model can simulate color matching functions among color-normal populations using Monte Carlo simulation. The variabilities of the eight parameters were identified through two steps. In the first step, extensive reviews of past studies were performed for each of the eight physiological parameters. In the second step, the obtained variabilities were scaled to fit a color matching dataset. The model was validated using three different datasets: traditional color matching, applied color matching, and Rayleigh matches.

A LCD Color Calibration Model Based on Gamut-Division Algorithm

The accuracy of color appearance of displayed image on a liquid crystal display (LCD) is the fundamental to guarantee good results in the soft proofing and cross-media color reproduction. Since the color rendering mechanism of LCDs is different from cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays, the traditional color calibration method cannot turn a very good result. In this paper, a LCD color calibration model based on gamut-division algorithm is proposed using spline method through the analysis of its color rendering mechanism. The monitor 3D gamut is firstly divided along the axis of L* in CIELAB color space according to the hue angle, and then an optimal color calibration matrix of the sub-gamut is computed with mathematical method. The experimental results show that the average color difference, the maximum color difference and hue shift are reduced compared with the traditional method.

Research and Application on Screen Soft Proofing Technology in Printing Quality Control

In recent years, screen soft proofing has matured with the development of color management and display technology, and it has become the direction of printing development and the key of promotion. This article aimed at raising a testing scheme of display performance and adjusting scheme of corresponding display parameters, on this account to test the professional display’s performance, adjust display parameters and make color management. At the same time with reflecting the actual situation of display, a stable and accurate color reproduction environment was provided for screen soft proofing. After that, evaluations were carried out to evaluate printing quality of screen soft proofing on the condition that display’s performance was good, consequently the differences between proofing effects and final printing were studied. The result shows that this testing scheme of display performance can reflect the truth of display which is tested in this paper, the display after adjusted and color management according to this scheme shows good effect in the ability of screen analog proofing original, it can approach the requirements of the printing proofing.

Colour matching for soft proofing using a camera

The goal of a colour management system (CMS) is to keep colour across different display devices. For example, a CMS may be developed to preserve colour from monitor to print. Printed colours on paper can look different from colours displayed on a monitor. Soft proofing is to preview a printed colour image on a monitor. The International Colour Consortium (ICC)/ColourSync media profile based on scanner and colorimetric devices are widely used to match between printed and displayed colours. This soft-proofing feature is effective only when accurate ICC profiles of monitor and printer are available with proper lighting condition. In this study, the authors present an on-site monitor-print colour-matching technique for soft proofing that uses a colour-measuring camera when appropriate device and illumination characteristics are not readily accessible. The proposed method consists of two matching steps: one is the estimation of lighting conditions and paper reflectance and the other is the estimation of printer and monitor characteristics. Lighting conditions and paper reflectance are measured by a camera using a white reference patch. Printer and monitor properties can be estimated using a number of colour samples in separate colour components (intensity and chromaticity). A three-dimensional look-up table method is used for intensity mapping, whereas chromatic adaptation is performed by a 2×5 transformation matrix and gamut mapping. Experimental results with several test images demonstrate that the proposed method shows better colour-matching performance, in terms of perceptual quality, than the soft proofing implemented in Photoshop.

Challenges for 3D High-Fidelity Soft Proofing

This paper contends that current soft-proofing systems for print products should more correctly be described as soft-preview systems. They currently do not visualize the appearance and mechanical properties of a final printed and finished product with sufficient accuracy to be part of a formal enforceable contract between manufacturer and buyer. This paper discusses a systematic approach to assemble a measurement-based system which measures, models, renders and evaluates visual appearance attributes like gloss and elaborates on existing approaches and challenges that must be addressed in order to implement a high-fidelity real-world soft proofing service for a scalable web-to-print application.

Seamless Publication Using 3D Proofing

The main motivation of this work is to expose professional level commercial print services to broad non-professional markets. In spite of increasing simplicity in content creation due to advances in authoring tools, publishing is still complex and reserved for professionals. To that end, there is high potential value in eliminating or reducing the barriers for non-experts to submit jobs for commercial printing, and in seamlessly connecting new non-professional content sources to the commercial printing environments. Our solution simplifies and automates the submission process by providing a workflow to replace the complex interaction between print buyers and commercial print experts. A key enabler for this workflow is an interactive and intuitive interface, which provides a soft proof of the finished product by a high-fidelity 2.5D/3D interactive model that captures the geometry and dynamic layout of the print product.

User-Configured Monitor-to-Printer Color Reproduction

Every type of color imaging device has its own color re- production method, providing color characteristic information. Thus, a color management system with an ICC profile is generally used to reproduce colors between two different color imaging devices, for example, from a monitor to a printer. However, once the ICC profile of a device is measured and stored, it usually remains unchanged. Yet, a user can sometimes control the monitor configuration, such as the color temperature, contrast, and brightness, according to their preference, thereby changing the color characteristics of the monitor. In addition, typical end user's viewing condition is not matched to standard environment. In this case, if the user then prints an image on the monitor screen, the color of the printed image will not match the color displayed on the monitor screen, as the color characteristics of the ICC profile provided by the monitor manufac- turer will no longer represent the user-configured color characteris- tics of the monitor. Therefore, this article proposes a method for user-configured monitor-to-printer color reproduction based on an estimation of the monitor characteristics under user's monitor con- figuration and viewing condition. First, the color characteristics ac- cording to change of monitor configuration is measured and mod- eled for the red-green-blue (RGB) chromaticity and tone curve. Second, to estimate the color characteristics of the user's monitor, color matching between a printed color chart and a reproduced color chart image on the monitor screen by soft proofing is accomplished. The RGB chromaticity and tone curve models are used in a soft proofing process for adjusting the monitor's color characteristics. After color matching, color characteristics of the user's monitor are then obtained. Finally, the monitor to printer color reproduction is evaluated based on the color characteristics obtained for the moni- tor. Experimental results using the proposed method show that the printed images have almost the same colors as the images on the real user-configured monitor screen. © 2011 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. DOI: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2011.55.2.020506

The Research on Effect of Ambient Light on the Impact of the Soft Proofing

Soft proofing technology is the development of new technologies in recent years, application is becoming more widely. As the use of display image simulating hard copy image, display settings, ambient light conditions and the observe conditions will affect the impact of soft proofing. 68 pairs of test images own the average value of different color originated from four typical images by transfer functions. In the image manipulation progress, each original image was altered in two aspects: lightness, chroma respectively .Using EIZO CG19 display to show in different ambient light conditions. A visual evaluation experiment was carried out aiming at test images by a psychophysical experiment, testing and analyzing color difference resolution influence of display image under different ambient light conditions, optimal lighting conditions and ranges of the soft proofing viewing environment was determined.

Evaluation and Controlling Influence of Papers Containing Optical Brightening Agents (OBA) for Color Management

Color management has been applied in the printing industry since 1993. Press papers as one of traditional substrates, its properties impact the quality of color reproductions. At present, almost all kinds of papers contain OBA. OBA works by absorbing ultraviolet wavelengths of the illuminant, emitting fluorescence at blue wavelengths, increasing the amount of light, and making the paper brighter. This effect of OBA is difficult to measure with common spectrophotometers accurately, which creates a mismatch between color proofing and printing. Furthermore, both the printing standards, as ISO 12647-2 defined substrate without fluorescence. It results in some problems in printing conformance using paper with OBA. This research discovered influence of OBA to color samples, derived colorimetric conversion method to correct and compensate the effects of OBA in papers, and demonstrated the efficient of the colorimetric conversion method in color management workflow with soft proofing.

Cohesion, Adhesion and Incoherence: Magazine Production with a Flickr Special Interest Group

Cohesion, Adhesion and Incoherence: Magazine Production with a Flickr Special Interest Group

Correction of instrument measurement data for improving the visual color match between monitor and hardcopy

Soft proofing, which can confirm the color reproduction of printed matter on a monitor, is coming into wide use in the field of graphic arts. However, there is a problem in that the color on the monitor looks different from that of printed matter, even though the L*a*b* value of the monitor's white point has been adjusted to that of the paper by using a spectroradiometer. After the color rendition of an LCD is visually adjusted to that of the paper, the measured color of the LCD shows color with L*a*b* values corresponding to a more greenish‐blue white than that of paper. For CRTs, this corresponds to a more bluish‐white. In this paper, it was assumed that bright lines in the measured spectrums of the monitors and the illuminations spread to the next wavelength band by the optical systems of the spectroradiometer. To solve the problem, a method is proposed to enhance the bright line by using a three‐tap digital filter. The effect of this method on two types of monitors under three types of illumination is also reported. After enhancing the bright lines, ΔE between the monitor and paper becomes smaller than that for the original one.