Petrolatum Research Articles

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

“Inert” Vehicles do Affect Wound Healing

The effect of a single daily application of U.S.P. petrolatum, an oil-in-water vanishing cream or a lotion on the rate of epidermal wound healing was determined in domestic white pigs. The superficial wounds were made with a dermatome and were not infected. In these studies, applications of U.S.P. white petrolatum retarded the rate of epidermal healing by 17% compared to untreated control wounds. Applications of an oil-in-water vanishing cream increased the rate of epidermal healing by 24% and a lotion increased the rate 15% compared to untreated control wounds.

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Stability of Dibekacin Sulfate on Preparation of Ointment

Stability of dibekacin sulfate in the ointment prepared with use of macrogol ointment, white petrolatum and hydrophilic ointment as base was examined in changes in external appearance and potency. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Change in appearance: The ointment prepared from dibekacin sulfate kneaded with macrogol ointment became moist and liquified with time when stored at 25° and relatative humidity 93%. Mixture of dibekacin sulfate with white petrolatum changed color from light yellow to yellowish brown on exposure to light, and the mixture with hydrophilic ointment became light yellow on the surface. 2) Potency: The potency of dibekacin sulfate, mixed with any of the 3 ointment bases, lowered by about 10 to 15% when irradiated with light for 3 months. The lowering of potency could not be prevented by antioxidant tocopherol. Dibekacin sulfate was almost stable under other conditions of temperature and humidity.

Effects of Emollients on Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Erythema of the Skin

Several commonly used emollients were studied as to their effectiveness in absorbing and filtering erythema-causing ultraviolet radiation in the 280 to 315 nm range (UVB). Planter's Peanut Oil (Standard Brands) and Mazola Corn Oil (Best Foods Inc) had no effect; Alpha Keri Bath Oil (Westwood Pharmaceuticals), mineral oil, and Johnson's Baby Oil (Johnson & Johnson Co) had minimal effects. Vaseline Petroleum Jelly (Chesebrough-Ponds Inc), petrolatum, and hydrophilic ointment substantially reduced the erythema that was induced by exposure to low doses of UVB radiation. Therefore, these emollients may interfere with the therapeutic effects of the ultraviolet radiation component of the Goeckerman treatment when it is administered in low doses to patients with psoriasis.

Effects of emollients on ultraviolet-radiation-induced erythema of the skin

Several commonly used emollients were studied as to their effectiveness in absorbing and filtering erythema-causing ultraviolet radiation in the 280 to 315 nm range (UVB). Planter's Peanut Oil (Standard Brands) and Mazola Corn Oil (Best Foods Inc) had no effect; Alpha Keri Bath Oil (Westwood Pharmaceuticals), mineral oil, and Johnson's Baby Oil (Johnson &amp; Johnson Co) had minimal effects. Vaseline Petroleum Jelly (Chesebrough-Ponds Inc), petrolatum, and hydrophilic ointment substantially reduced the erythema that was induced by exposure to low doses of UVB radiation. Therefore, these emollients may interfere with the therapeutic effects of the ultraviolet radiation component of the Goeckerman treatment when it is administered in low doses to patients with psoriasis. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>115:1188-1191, 1979)

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Allergy to lanolin

The purpose of the present study was to compare the frequency of lanolin allergy during two periods and to assess the adequacy of testing with one standard allergen. Among 1230 consecutive patients with eczema who were standard patch tested, 33 (2.7%), 21 females and 12 males, gave a positive reaction to wool alcohols. Among 899 consecutive patients with eczema standard patch testd and also tested with the lanolin derivatives hydrogenated lanolin 30% in soft yellow paraffin, Amerchol L 101, and a mixture of lanolin derivatives, 60 patients (6.6%), 48 females and 12 males, gave a positive reaction to lanolin and/or its derivatives. The results show that testing with one standard lanolin allergen is inadequate for detecting lanolin allergy.

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Vidarabine ophthalmic ointment (vira-A)

Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside; ara-A) is an antiviral agent active against DNA viruses but with low toxicity for human cells. It is available for topical treatment of herpes simplex infections of the eye as an ointment with a soft paraffin base (Vira-A - Parke, Davis).

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Sonneborn white oils and petrolatums can make your products safer.

Treatment of atopic eczema in children: clinical trial of 10% sodium cromoglycate ointment.

In a double-blind randomised group-comparative trial 21 children with chronic atopic eczema were treated twice daily for up to 12 weeks with an ointment containing 10% sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in white soft paraffin. A similar group of 21 children was treated for up to 12 weeks with a placebo ointment consisting of the white soft-paraffin base only. The number of patients who withdrew from the trial because treatment was ineffective was significantly greater in the placebo group (16) than in the SCG group (four). Comparison between the two groups also showed significant improvement in inflammation, lichenification, and cracking and the symptoms of itching and sleep disturbance among those on SCG treatment. At the end of treatment significantly more patients in the SCG group (16) had benefited from treatment compared with only two patients in the placebo group. No patients experienced side effects. I conclude that SCG ointment may be a safe alternative to topical steroids in the treatment of atopic eczema in children.

Tobramycin-neomycin cross-sensitivity.

Fifty normal control volunteers were patch tested to 20% neomycin as well as tobramycin 1%, 10%, 20% and 30% in white petrolatum. Tobramycin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic for prescription ophthalmologic use in the United States. There were no reactions on any of the control volunteers. Twenty known and proven neomycin-allergic patients were then tested to tobramycin 10% and 20% in white petrolatum, as well as to neomycin 20% aqueous and 20% in white petrolatum. All 20 reacted with a 2+ or greater response to the neomycin patch tests. Twelve out of the 20 or 60% of the neomycin-allergic patients reacted to the 10% tobramycin in white petrolatum. Thirteen out of 20 or 65% reacted to 20% tobramycin in white petrolatum. From these data, tobramycin (ophthalmic) should not be used to treat known neomycin-allergic patients without first patch testing the patient with 20% tobramycin in white petrolatum. It appears probable that 65% of neomycin-allergic patients would react with a dermatitic response to such therapy.

Effect of Beeswax on the Rheological Characteristics of Soft Paraffin

AbstractThe effect of beeswax on the rheological characteristics of soft paraffin was investigated. The rheological parameters considered were the flow pattern, structural viscosity, yield value, plastic viscosity, coefficients B and M of thixotropic breakdown and structural recovery. Evidence is presented to show that beeswax affects markedly the rheological characteristics of soft paraffin.

Effect of Nonionic Surfactants on Percutaneous Absorption of Salicylic Acid and Sodium Salicylate in the Presence of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Fifteen nonionic surfactants, 10% (w/w), were each incorporated into white petrolatum USP ointment base containing 10% (w/w) salicylic acid or 11.6% (w/w) sodium salicylate with 10% (w/w) dimethyl sulfoxide. Percutaneous absorption was determined from blood salicylate levels in New Zealand white rabbits at regular intervals for 8hr following application of the ointment. Percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid was increased significantly when sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan trioleate, poloxamer 231, poloxamer 182, polyoxyethylene 4 lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene 2 oleyl ether, or polyoxyl 8 stearate was added to the ointment containing dimethyl sulfoxide, salicylic acid, and white petrolatum. Percutaneous absorption of sodium salicylate was increased significantly when sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, or poloxamer 182 was added to the ointment containing dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium salicylate, and white petrolatum.

Modifying effect of calcium alkylphenolate (AFK) additive in deoiling petrolatum

Modifying effect of calcium alkylphenolate (AFK) additive in deoiling petrolatum

Studies on the effect of salicylic acid on normal skin

This investigation was prompted by our ignorance of the way in which salicyclic acid aids desquamation. Salicyclic acid in aqueous cream or white soft paraffin and in concentrations of 2-12% was applied to normal skin of twenty-three subjects while the vehicle alone was applied to the contralateral sites. Biopsies and skin surface biopsies were taken from the test and control sites after 1 week. Histological examination showed that there was less horny layer on the test specimens but that there were no qualitative or quantitative differences in the structure of the viable epidermis. Portions of the biopsies were incubated in the presence of tritiated precursor compounds and subsequent autoradiographic examination showed no difference in the incorporation of thymidine, cytidine or histidine between test and control preparations. Scanning electron microscopy of skin surface biopsies showed some changes in all specimens--presumably due to hydration--but also showed striking differences between test and control sites and were especially marked with higher concentrations of salicylic acid. It is suggested that salicylic acid causes desquamation by dissolution of intercellular cement material.

EFFECT OF TOPICAL APPLICATION OF MEDICINAL GRADE PETROLATUM ON VARIOUS SPECIES OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AND MAN

Medicinal grade yellow and white petrolatum (soft paraffin) were tested for dermatoxic effects on laboratory animals and man. Yellow petrolatum produced redness, thickening of skin, hyperkeratosis and reversible total hair loss in rabbit and rat but no dermatoxic effect was observed in man and dog. White petrolatum which is similar in composition to yellow petrolatum produced less redness and keratosis. Refluxing of yellow soft paraffin with 95% alcohol could dissolve out dermatoxic fraction. The results have been discussed and it is suggested that drugs with petrolatum as ointment base should not be tested on rats and rabbits as petrolatum itself is dermatoxic in these species.

Implications of Peroxide Formation in Lotion and Ointment Dosage Forms Containing Polyethylene Glycols

AbstractThe influence of various factors on the formation rate of peroxide-like impurities in polyethylene glycols was studied. Conditions of high temperature and agitation increased this rate. Varying formation rates were found with glycols from different manufacturers and this seemed to be related to the initial level of peroxide impurity. Aged samples generated peroxides at a faster rate than glycols recently acquired from a manufacturer. Peroxides were an intermediata in the degradation of glycols to carboxylic acids. It is suggested that an atmosphere of nitrogen be used when solubilizing drugs in glycols at high temperatures. The mixing of polyethylene glycol 1500 at 70° with white petrolatum, resulted in a rapid decrease in peroxide content in the glycol and improved the stability of oxidizable drugs in ointment formulations containing glycol and petrolatum.

Epidermal Activity Of Nad-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase In Psoriasis During Treatment With Dithranol

The activity of ICDH(NAD) was measured in subcorneal and basal epidermal layers in 8 patients with psoriasis and in 7 healthy controls treated once a day with 0.15% dithranol in white petrolatum for 2 weeks. Skin biopsies were taken before and on days 2, 6, and 14 of the treatment. Lowry's microtechniques were used in conjunction with a bioluminescent system (bacterial luciferase) for enzymatic assays. The enzymic activity could be related to the type of keratinization present in the stratum corneum overlying the epidermal areas under study. In orthokeratotic areas from the controls, in noninvolved, and in treated involved skin the activity was low. In parakeratotic areas, as found in treated noninvolved and in involved psoriatic skin, the enzymic activity was increased to a level at least twice that found in orthokeratosis. Since ICDH(NAD) activity reflects an aspect of mitochondrial function, the results suggest that mitochondrial activity may be important in control of keratinization.