Soft Bag Research Articles

First worldwide use of the hybrid system for extracorporeal circulation in heart transplant

BackgroundThis case report documents the first worldwide use of the Hybrid System from Spectrum Medical in a heart transplant procedure, focusing on its safety and efficacy. Traditional cardiopulmonary bypass systems often use an open reservoir, which increases the blood’s exposure to air, thereby heightening the risk of an inflammatory response and gas embolism. In contrast, the Hybrid System is designed to improve surgical outcomes by significantly reducing the blood-air interface. This system utilizes a dual-chamber cardiotomy-venous reservoir with a collapsible soft bag, effectively minimizing blood contact with air and foreign materials. However, it is important to note that there is currently no evidence supporting the use of this methodology specifically in heart transplants.Case presentationA 41-year-old male managed with a left ventricular assist device because of dilated cardiomyopathy underwent a heart transplant using the Hybrid System. The perioperative and postoperative data provided evidence of the system’s effectiveness. The selection of this patient was due to the absence of significant comorbidities unrelated to his primary cardiac condition, making him an ideal candidate to evaluate the system’s performance.ConclusionThe Hybrid System is safe and efficient. The successful implementation in this case highlights its advantages over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass systems, suggesting a promising future in cardiac surgery. Further studies with routine cardiac surgery patients are required to validate these findings.

PROSEDUR PEMERIKSAAN RADIOGRAFI SINUS PARANASAL (SPN) DENGAN KASUS SINUSITIS

Background : The radiographic procedure of the paranasal sinuses according to Long et al., (2016) uses Lateral projection, Caldwell Method, Parietoacanthial (Open Mouth and Closed Mouth) and Submentovertical. Caldwell method projection can be done with the image receptor 150 angled technique and the vertical image receptor technique by attaching the image receptor and propping the forehead with a soft bag. However, the radiographic examination procedure of the paranasal sinuses at the Radiology Installation of RSUD Karanganyar was carried out on the caldwell method projection, using a vertical image receptor technique, the patient's forehead and nose attach to the image receptor without a soft bag.
 Methods :The purpose of this study was to determine the radiographic examination procedure of the paranasal sinuses in cases of sinusitis and to find out the reasons for using the Caldwell Method with the patient's forehead and nose attached to the image receptor without a soft bag. This type of research is a qualitative with a case study approach This research was conducted by means of observation, documentation, and deepening with radiology specialists and radiographers. Observational data were processed and analyzed using open coding, interview data were processed, analyzed, and presented in the form of quotations so that conclusions could be drawn.
 Results : The results showed that the radiographic examination of the paranasal sinuses at the Radiology Installation of RSUD Karanganyar used a Lateral projection, Waters Closed Mouth, and Caldwell Method with a vertical image receptor technique and adjustment of the position of the forehead and nose against the image receptor.
 Conclusion : The reason the forehead and nose are positioned against the image receptors in the Caldwell Method projection is for convenience and to view the frontal sinus clearly without magnification.

Expert consensus on clinical application of multi-chamber bag for parenteral nutrition (2022)

Parenteral nutrition has become a routine clinical nutritional treatment. The guidelines at home and abroad unanimously recommend and standardize the application of "all in one" parenteral nutrition."Multi-chamber bag" parenteral nutrition encapsulates nutrients such as fat emulsion, amino acid and glucose in a non polyvinyl chloride soft bag composed of two or three cavities. When in use, the inner cavity separator is opened. The multi-chamber bag preparation has a variety of specifications and has the characteristics of reasonable prescription, strict quality standards, ready-to-use, and other characteristics, which can reduce prescription and configuration errors, reduce bloodstream infections, and meet the clinical nutritional needs of most patients. In view of the non-standard application of multi-chamber bag, the Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition organized domestic experts in general surgery, critical care medicine, gastroenterology, geriatrics, nutrition, clinical pharmacy, and evidence-based medicine to write this expert consensus in accordance with the latest guidelines, expert consensus, and the latest clinical evidence. According to the improved Delphi method, 43 experts discussed and modified 23 recommendations one by one in the first round, and 219 experts voted and put forward modification suggestions in the second round. Each recommendation shall be established only when the approval rate of ≥ 90%. It is hoped that this consensus can promote the rational application of multi-chamber bag for parenteral nutrition.

Study of Automated Soft Bag Operation in Manned Spacecraft

Study of Automated Soft Bag Operation in Manned Spacecraft

Research on the retention characteristics of the stratification information of lunar soil drilling sampling

The retention characteristics of the stratification information is one of the important factors of lunar soil drilling process. A high-accuracy DEM model of lunar soil was established and verified to be accurate both in shear strength indices and elastic-plastic behavior. Then the drilling simulation models of hard tube coring and soft bag coring were established and a “surface slope method” was proposed for stratification description. By fitting the inverted U-shaped surface of the discrete particles in the sample layer, the stratification variation of the samples in each layer can be accurately described, and the degree of stratification deformation can be quantified by the slope of the surface. Furthermore, a precise quantitative index “failure bound” was proposed, based on which, three depth simulations of 61.6 mm, 88.0 mm and 105.7 mm were carried out for the two coring methods to evaluate the variation of the effective area of the sample with drilling depth. The results showed that the hard tube coring could a bit better protect the sample stratification but more samples were lost because of compression. With the increase of drilling depth, the stratification of each layer is damaged more and more seriously in both of the two coring methods, and this phenomenon is more obvious in soft bag coring. By analyzing the velocity field, the stratification of middle layers tends to be easily damaged and the particles in top layers tend to move more chaotically.

Revealing the mechanism of the force dragging the soft bag in thedynamic process of deep soil coring

A tubular soft bag covering a rigid tube, known as a coring system, is a key tool in deep lunar soil coring. The dynamic performance of the coring system is of critical importance, largely determining the quality and efficiency of the lunar soil coring. The main contribution of this study focuses on analyzing the mechanism of the force dragging the soft bag in the dynamic process of the simulated lunar soil coring analytically, numerically and experimentally. By adopting the combination of mechanism analysis and experimental study, a novel mechanical model of the dragging force is founded. Using this mechanical model, the process of deep simulated lunar soil coring can be divided into three stages. Besides, the whole dynamic process of the simulated lunar soil coring is simulated by coupling Finite Element (FE) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) methods using the nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA. The numerical simulation results show that the flexible tube coring system provides advantageous performance, and its dynamic performance is in accordance with the theoretical analysis. To further evidence the effectiveness and accuracy of the mechanical model and the numerical simulation, a special test-bed for soil coring is built and experiments are conducted. It can be found that results obtained from these three methods are in good agreement. The findings from this study can provide a directive and practical guidance to improve the safety and reliability of the deep soil coring system.

Developing the infusion soft bag for transfusion safety

Objective To provide a kind of infusion soft bag with double-pouch that avoids the compatibility reaction between medicinal fluids and improves the safety of transfusion. Methors By consulting the literature, clinical research, developed a safe infusion bag. Researching the volume and the method of tube flushing in vitro simulation experiments, observation of the experimental process, data collection, input, analysis, processing, in order to determine the capacity of the fluid structure to compare the operation time of the two methods of flushing tube. Results In vitro simulation showed that the volume of fluid needed for irrigation infusion tube was 30-50 ml. The time spent on each infusion tube when using the developed safety infusion bag and existing infusion bag was (2.81±0.18) s and (13.63±0.36) s respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t=-146.15, P<0.05). Conclusion The size of the main bag of the safe transfusion soft bag can be set according to the clinical need. The recommended storage capacity of the bag for flushing is 50 ml for the strong solution and 30 ml for the ordinary solution. Safety infusion soft bag is high safety, easy to use, reducing nurse′s workload and the risk of infection, it is worth the clinical promotion. Key words: Safety; Infusion soft bag; Flushing tube

Comparison of the effect of three kinds of specimen collectionin laparoscopic ovarian cyst resection

Objective To investigate the comparison of rubber gloves collection bag, linear closing type plastic collection bags and plastic specimen collection bag is used for application effect of laparoscopic ovarian cyst resection. Methods From 2013 June to 2014 December underwent laparoscopic ovarian cyst resection in 90 cases, according to the first date of surgery were divided into 3 groups, from the standard sample collection bag for rubber gloves (A group) 30 cases, linear closing type plastic collection bag (B group) 30 cases, collecting bag plastic specimens (C group) 30 cases. Respectively calculate autologous peritoneal bag mouth opening into time, time to complete transection of tissue into the specimen collection bag time, specimen collection bag left abdominal contents to the in vitro observation time, specimen collection bags in use in the course of rupture occurrence rate of specimen content leakage. Results The 3 groups of patients with autologous abdominal time were (7.18±0.61),(6.72±0.57), (5.98±0.30) s, the difference was not statistically significant (t=41.80, P > 0.01). The 3 groups of specimens collected pouch specimens respectively (40.84±6.27), (49.86±6.10), (32.98±3.93) s, group C open pocket to maintain state of distraction to amputated tissue fully into the specimen collection bag in the shortest time, with a group and B group, the difference was statistically significant (F=69.87, P < 0.01). The 3 groups of specimens collected from the abdominal cavity were (498.39±55.60), (315.70±47.32), (448.65±54.90) s, the difference was statistically significant (F=96.18, P < 0.01). The 3 groups of specimens collected specimen bag collection bag rupture were 26.7% (8 /30),10.0% (3 /30),3.33% (1 /30), group A of the most common (χ2=0.926, P < 0.05), The 3 groups of specimens collected the bag contents leakage were 23.30%(7/30), 6.67% (2 /30)、3.33% (1 / 30), group A of frequency was the highest, and in group B and C, the difference had statistical significance (χ2= 0.635, P < 0.05). Conclusions Plastic type specimen collection bag for soft bag with built-in wire, the bag opening is a certain tension, easy operation by operation control, convenient and reliable safety, shorten operation time, reduce the occurrence of complications, reduce surgical risks and costs, and improve the office efficiency and quality of the operation. Key words: Rubber gloves; Plasticity; Specimen bag; Laparoscopic operation; Effect

Development of Multi-Purpose Containers for Managing LLW/VLLW from D&amp;D

Radioactive waste container designs should comply with the requirements for safety (i.e., transportation, storage, disposal) and other criteria such as economics and technology. These criteria are also applicable to the future management of the large amount of LLW and VLLW to arise from decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of nuclear power plants, which have different features compared to that of wastes from operation and maintenance (O&M). This paper proposes to develop a set of standard containers of multi-purpose usage for transportation, storage and disposal. The concepts of the containers were optimized for management of D&D wastes in consideration of national system for radioactive waste management, in particular the Gyeongju Repository and associated infrastructures. A set of prototype containers were designed and built : a soft bag for VLLW, two metallic containers for VLLW/LLW (a standard IP2 container for sea transport and ISO container for road transport). Safety analyses by simulation and tests of these designs show they are in compliance with the regulatory requirements. A further development of a container with concrete is foreseen for 2016.

Large Genital Cavernous Hemangioma: A Rare Surgically Correctable Entity.

We report a case of 24-year-old male presenting with painless penoscrotal swelling for 3 years. On examination, a large soft bag of worm-like, superficial, nonpulsatile swelling was present in scrotum and penis. Color Doppler showed dilated tortuous vessels and on angiography no connections to corpora or vessels were seen. So a diagnosis of hemangioma was made and a surgical excision was carried out by circumcoronal and scrotal incisions. Postop course was uneventful. At 6 months of follow-up, no recurrence was seen and wound had healed with excellent cosmetic appearance.

Impact of short term forced oral breathing induced by nasal occlusion on respiratory function in mice

Inconsistent findings regarding the experimental nasal obstruction on respiratory functions in small animals have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of short term forced oral breathing on respiratory functions as well as the therapeutic implication of esophageal intubation in BALB/c mice. Thirty BALB/c mice were randomized equally to two groups: an experimental group and control group. Oral breathing was induced by applying petrolatum ointment in nostrils for occlusion both nasal cavities. Esophageal tube was inserted to enlarge the oropharyngeal airway in the experimental mice. Respiratory parameters were measured by barometric whole-body plethysmography (WBP) in the following condition: normal nasal breathing; nasal breathing loading in a soft bag; forced oral breathing loading in a soft bag; forced oral breathing loading in a soft bag after undergoing esophageal intubation. After applying petrolatum ointment of nostrils, all the mice switch to oral breathing with apparent discomfort (bradypnea). Nasal occlusion was associated with a decrease in the average respiratory rate (268±36 vs. 90±10 breaths/min; P<0.01) and an increase in Penh (0.67±0.14 vs. 19.23±2.12; P<0.01). After undergoing esophagus intubation, these mice switched to oral breathing with less discomfort. Compared with the control mice, respiratory rate (175±25 vs. 90±10) was higher; the Penh (8.84±1.05 vs. 18.09±2.03; P<0.01) was lower. Short term forced oral breathing induced by nasal occlusion caused respiratory insufficiency in mice. Stenotic oropharyngeal airway was supposed to be one of the most important factors. Enlarging oropharyngeal airway by esophagus intubation could improve the respiratory insufficiency under nasal occlusion.

Effect of container on the physicochemical stability of propofol injectable emulsion after being diluted with 0.9% NaCl for intravenous infusion

Effects of glass and plastic containers on the physicochemical properties of propofol injectable emulsion consisting of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) after being diluted with 0.9% NaCl were evaluated. Propofol MCT/LCT reconstituted with normal saline to 2.0 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 3.0 mg/mL, 4.0 mg/mL, and 5.0 mg/mL were packaged into glass (type II soda-lime-silica), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) soft bag, and non-PVC soft bag (Cryovac® polyolefin soft bag container), and then stored at ambient temperature/humidity (25 ± 2 °C/50 ± 5% RH) for 3 days to test its stability. We found that the pH and osmolarity of propofol injectable emulsions were consistent among different formulations. All formulations packaged in glass and plastic containers were stable for 6 hours; the globule size distribution of these emulsions met the requirements described in Chapter 729 of the United States Pharmacopeia. However, propofol formulations of higher concentrations (3.0 mg/mL, 4.0 mg/mL, and 5.0 mg/mL) stored in plastic containers were found to have abnormal globule size distribution profiles compared with those stored in glass containers after 24 hours. We therefore recommend that the propofol MCT/LCT emulsions should be packaged into glass containers and used within 6 hours after reconstitution with diluents.

Constrained instance clustering in multi-instance multi-label learning

In multi-instance multi-label (MIML) learning, datasets are given in the form of bags, each of which contains multiple instances and is associated with multiple labels. This paper considers a novel instance clustering problem in MIML learning, where the bag labels are used as background knowledge to help group instances into clusters. The goal is to recover the class labels or to find the subclasses within each class. Prior work on constraint-based clustering focuses on pairwise constraints and cannot fully utilize the bag-level label information. We propose to encode the bag-label knowledge into soft bag constraints that can be easily incorporated into any optimization based clustering algorithm. As a specific example, we demonstrate how the bag constraints can be incorporated into a popular spectral clustering algorithm. Empirical results on both synthetic and real-world datasets show that the proposed method achieves promising performance compared to state-of-the-art methods that use pairwise constraints.

Soft Plastic Bag Instead of Hard Plastic Container for Long-term Storage of Breast Milk

To compare the fat content and contamination of expressed breast milk (EBM) before and after storage (30 d) in hard polypropylene containers (HC) and soft polyethylene bags (SB) containers. Ninety specimens of EBM were collected into HC and separated into two HC and two SB. The fat content of each specimen of EBM in HC and SB was measured and cultures were performed. The specimens in the second HC and SB containers were kept frozen for 30 d before thawing and then measuring the fat content and performing cultures. The means ± SD of the fat content of fresh and thawed EBM in HC were 2.98 ± 0.97 and 2.66 ± 0.88 g/100 ml, respectively, with a loss of 0.32 g/100 ml (p < 0.001). The means ± SD of the fat content of fresh and thawed EBM in SB were 3.06 ± 1.00 and 2.77 ± 0.91 g/100 ml, respectively, with a mean loss of 0.29 g/100 ml during storage (p < 0.001). The loss of fat content during frozen storage did not differ significantly between the two types of containers (p = 0.53). All bacterial cultures of fresh and thawed EBM in HC and SB showed only nonpathogenic organisms. SB can replace HC for the long-term storage of frozen EBM of up to 30 d without deleterious effects on fat loss or contamination.

便携式软袋在急诊急救护理中的应用探讨

目的：探讨便携式软袋在急诊急救护理中的应用效果。方法：采用自行设计量表调查100例急诊便携式软袋使用患者或家属满意度以及30例急诊护士的满意度。结果：便携式软袋使用后，病人满意度从78.7%提高至97.4%；急诊护士的满意度从76.7%提高至93.3%。结论：便携式软袋的应用即可保证病人就医安全，提高急诊优质护理服务满意度，又可使急诊护士感受到操作简易，能真正体现优质护理的意义即病人满意、护士满意，促进了护患和谐。 Objective: To explore the effects of using the portable soft bag in emergency care. Methods: The investiga- tion of 100 patients and 30 nurses who use portable soft bag in emergency care by self-designed questionnaire. Results: After using the portable soft bag, the patient satisfaction has increased from 78.7% to 97.4% and the emergency nurses’ job satisfaction has increased from 76.7% to 93.3%. Conclusion: Using the portable soft bag can ensure the safety of the patients and improve the quality and satisfaction of nursing in emergency service. Meanwhile, emergency nurses will also feel it convenient. Using the portable soft bag can represent high quality of nursing service, improve nurses and patients’ satisfaction, and promote the relationships between nurses and patients.

Myositis ossificans around shoulder following military training programme

The myositis ossificans around shoulder in military recruits are not reported yet. Three young male soldiers presented with complaints of palpable mass at the anterior aspect of shoulder; tenderness around the superior part of deltopectoral groove close to acromioclavicular joint; and restriction of shoulder motion. They also noticed ecchymosis and pain around the coracoid process and anterior shoulder region during regular firing exercises. Plain X-rays and computerized tomography showed extra-capsular, dense, irregular structure in the space between pectoralis and deltoid muscles which correlated with heterotopic bone. One patient refused surgical intervention because of the completion of his military serving period. Surgical excision was performed for the other two patients. During surgical exploration, both ossified masses were found in deltopectoral region and mostly in fibers of clavicular and acromial parts of deltoid muscle. Pathological reports confirmed the structure of masses as mature trabecular bone. Postoperatively indomethacin treatment and active shoulder exercises were started until the full range of motion was regained. Mini soft bag was used on the rifle contact area of the shoulder. No complications or recurrences were observed during the 24 months of followup period.

Palatability and efficacy of RB soft bag formulated baits in controlling house mouse and Norway rat in animal food blender facilities and pig farm

The Norway rat and house mouse the most important rodent pest at farms eat and polullut the huge food quantity and carry a range of severe infectious deseases to humans and pets. Rodent control is undertaken only after its presence has been registered. Preparations for their control need to meet palatability requirements. Experiments were conducted in animal food blender facilities and pig farm (maternity and rooms with young and adult pigs) in Omoljica following the standard EPPO method. Palatability and efficacy of RB formulated baits (paste in special 10 g paper bags) containing 0.005% bromadiolone and 0.005% brodifacoum were tested against the house mouse and Norway rat . Baits in pelllete formulation were used as the standard. All the baits were placed in special boxes. Rodent abundance was evaluated based on the highest and the lowest daily baits consumption divided by the daily required of food amount, and a census method before and after treatment. Rodent presence was monitored over the next 20 days. The efficacy of the tested RB soft bag and standard formulations was calculated according to Abbott's formula. The results showed that palatability and efficacy of RB soft bag formulations (81-100%) was substantially high especially of brodifacoum-based baits.

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty using artificial muscle

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty using latissimus dorsi muscle was previously used to compensate for congestive heart failure. Now, however, this method is not acceptable because the long-term result was not as expected owing to fatigue of the skeletal muscle. BioMetal fiber developed by Toki Corporation is one of the artificial muscles activated by electric current. The behavior of this fiber is similar to that of organic muscle. We made an artificial muscle like the latissimus dorsi using BioMetal fiber and tested whether we could use this new muscle as a cardiac supporting device. Testing one Biometal fiber showed the following performance: practical use maximal generative force was 30 g, exercise variation was 50%, and the standard driving current was 220 mA. We created a 4 x 12-cm tabular artificial muscle using 8 BioMetal fibers as a cardiac support device. We also made a simulation circuit composed of a 6 x 8-cm soft bag with unidirectional valves, reservoir, and connecting tube. The simulation circuit was filled with water and the soft bag was wrapped with the artificial muscle device. After powering the device electrically at 9 V with a current of 220 mA for each fiber, we measured the inside pressure and observed the movement of the artificial device. The artificial muscle contracted in 0.5 s for peak time and squeezed the soft bag. The peak pressure inside the soft bag was measured as 10 mmHg. Although further work will be needed to enhance the speed of deformability and movement simulating contraction, we conclude that artificial muscle may be potentially useful as a cardiac assistance device that can be developed for dynamic cardiomyoplasty.

Development of an educational simulator system, ECCSIM-Lite, for the acquisition of basic perfusion techniques and evaluation

A training system with quantitative evaluation of performance for training perfusionists is valuable for preparation for rare but critical situations. A simulator system, ECCSIM-Lite, for extracorporeal circulation (ECC) training of perfusionists was developed. This system consists of a computer system containing a simulation program of the hemodynamic conditions and the training scenario with instructions, a flow sensor unit, a reservoir with a built-in water level sensor, and an ECC circuit with a soft bag representing the human body. This system is relatively simple, easy to handle, compact, and reasonably inexpensive. Quantitative information is recorded, including the changes in arterial flow by the manipulation of a knob, the changes in venous drainage by handling a clamp, and the change in reservoir level; the time courses of the above parameters are presented graphically. To increase the realism of the training, a numerical-hydraulic circulatory model was applied. Following the instruction and explanation of the scenario in the form of audio and video captions, it is possible for a trainee to undertake self-study without an instructor or a computer operator. To validate the system, a training session was given to three beginners using a simple training scenario; it was possible to record the performance of the perfusion sessions quantitatively. In conclusion, the ECCSIM-Lite system is expected to be useful for perfusion training, since quantitative information about the trainee's performance is recorded and it is possible to use the data for assessment and comparison.

Intestinal irrigation Method Using a Closed Soft Bag

Intestinal irrigation Method Using a Closed Soft Bag