Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital Research Articles

Usage of cervical cancer screening services among HIV-positive women in Southern Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo assess the usage of cervical cancer screening services and associated factors among HIV-positive women on antiretroviral treatment in Southern Ethiopia in 2020.DesignA multicentre cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in...

Patterns of cancer in Wolaita Sodo University Hospital: South Ethiopia.

BackgroundVariations in cancer occurrence between populations in different places are expected because of many factors. In Ethiopia there is no national cancer registry and here we are reporting the pattern of cancer in Wolaita Sodo University hospital located in Southern region of Ethiopia with catchment area of over ten million peoples.MethodologyA retrospective record analysis of all pathologically confirmed malignancies from January 2021 up to June 2021. Data was filtered and descriptive analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22 (Chicago IL USA).ResultIn the Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital during the first six months of 2021, out of 1,810 histopathologically tested samples 19.5% (354) were confirmed malignant cases. Among 354 patient samples, most of them (62.4%) were in females and the rest (37%) found to be in males. The age pattern shows occurrence of 336 (95%) cases in adults and 18 (5%) cases in children. Breast cancer, soft tissue sarcomas, cancer of uteri cervix, non melanomatous skin cancer, and non hodgkin lymphomas were the five top common cancers of all age groups. In adult population, breast cancer, soft tissue sarcomas, and cancer of uteri cervix are the most common. In children of age less than 14 years non hodgkin lymphomas, soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas were the three top cancers. Breast cancer, cancer of uteri cervix and soft tissue sarcomas are found to be the commonest cancers in females. On the other hand, soft tissue sarcomas, non melanomatous skin cancers and Non Hodgkin lymphomas, are the three top commonest cancers in males.ConclusionBased on our current study cancer is one of the common finding from histopathology samples analyzed at the hospital and the pattern of cancer was similar to those reported in other regions of the country as well as neighboring countries. However, Comprehensive demographic and clinical data using population or facility-based cancer registry is required to get better information. Additionally, our finding of higher proportion of soft tissue sarcomas both in males and females of all age groups in this region is disparate and requires further investigation.

Burden of Antibiotic Resistance at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to the human population everywhere. However, less attention is given to its concern in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. There is an information gap concerning antibiotic resistance and its pattern in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital. This study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the study area. Five-year retrospective data of cultures and records of 581 patients were utilized to analyze the pattern of antibiotic resistance. The statistical software including SPSS version 25 and Microsoft excel 2013 were used. Laboratory records with incompletely registered age, sex, culture isolation, or drug susceptibility test data were excluded. Out of the total of 581 samples extracted from the microbiology laboratory, 237 (40.8%) samples were culture positive for bacteria. From positive culture growth, 165 (69.6%) were gram-positive bacteria whereas 72 (30.4%) were gram negative. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent isolate among gram-positive isolates as Escherichia coli was for gram-negative isolates. Overall antibiotic resistance of gram-positive isolates was 57.2% whereas that of gram-negative bacteria was 58.8%. S. aureus and E. coli were found to be the most prevalent pathogenic isolates among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Most of the isolated pathogens showed high resistance towards the commonly prescribed antibiotic agents. The overall antibiotic resistance in this study was 57.7%, and the overall MDR prevalence was 72.2%.

Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Uropathogens and Associated Factors Among Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending the HIV Center at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia.

BackgroundUrinary tract infection remains one of the major public health problems in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Its prevalence is fuelled by human immunodeficiency virus infection which represents a considerable health problem amongst these populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of bacterial urinary tract infections among adult PLHIV.MethodsCross-sectional study was conducted from May to December, 2018 among adult people living with HIV/AIDS in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital. The socio-demographic data and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. Mid-stream urine sample was collected for bacterial isolation and identification. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Logistic regression was conducted to check the association between UTI and associated factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 29 (14.1%). The predominant bacteria isolated was E. coli 13 (44.8%) followed by S. aureus 5 (17.2%). Gender, CD4 count, history of catheterization, history of hospitalization, and DM status were independent factors for the occurrence of urinary tract infection. E. coli species were 100% and 84.6% susceptible to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively; whereas, there was a complete resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin. K. pneumoniae was pan resistant to gentamicin, amikacin and ampicillin, whereas 100% sensitive to nitrofurantoin. The rate of MDR was 23 (79.3%) with the majority, 16 (69.6%), gram negative and seven (30.4%) gram positive.ConclusionThe burden of UTI among people living with HIV was considerably high. The findings of this study will help policy makers and other stakeholders as baseline information.

Predictors of Neonatal Sepsis in Hospitals at Wolaita Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: Institution-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study, 2019.

Background Neonatal sepsis plays a significant role in neonates' mortality in developing countries accounting for 30-50% of total deaths each year. Gaining insight into neonatal sepsis predictors will provide an opportunity for the stakeholders to reduce the causes of neonatal sepsis. This research is aimed at determining the predictors of neonatal sepsis at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital and Sodo Christian General Hospital, Ethiopia, April-July 2019. Method This study employed an institution-based unmatched case-control study by selecting neonates in selected hospitals through consecutive sampling technique. The cases of this study are neonates diagnosed with sepsis. The study used a pretested structured questionnaire for a face-to-face interview to collect data from index mothers. Besides, the review of the record was done using checklists. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24.0 for analysis. The study used descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure the association's strength. p < 0.05 was the cut-off point for declaration of statistical significance for the multivariate analysis. Results Factors significantly associated with neonatal sepsis among neonates were maternal age of 15-20 years and 21-30 years, mothers with low income/wealth, history of urinary tract infections/sexually transmitted infections, presence of intrapartum infections, antenatal care follow‐up < 3 visits, Apgar (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) score < 7, low birth weight, and the time in which breastfeeding started after delivery < 60 minutes. Conclusion Maternal age, wealth/income, maternal urinary tract infections/sexually transmitted infections, intrapartum fever, antenatal care visit ≤ 3 times, Apgar score < 7, low birth weight, and starting time of breastfeeding were independent predictors of neonatal sepsis. Therefore, maternal health education during antenatal care visits, perinatal and newborn care, and early initiation of breastfeeding might decrease neonatal mortality and morbidity due to sepsis.

Anemia and its associated factors among adult people living with human immunodeficiency virus at Wolaita Sodo University teaching referral hospital.

BackgroundIn Sub-Saharan Africa, both HIV/AIDS and anemia have considerable public health problems. Anemia has an adverse effect on treatment outcome and it decreases the quality of life among adult HIV patients. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adult HIV positive patients in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital.MethodInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital from 01 October to December 30, 2016. A randomly selected 411 adult people living with the human immunodeficiency virus were included in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables with P-value ≤0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model were taken into multivariable logistic regression analysis along with 95% confidence interval and Odds Ratio was used to examine the association between anemia and independent variables. P˗value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultPrevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5% with 95% CI (32%-41%). Factors associated with anemia among adult people living with HIV/AIDS were individuals who lived with HIV ≥9years (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI:-1.03–6.59),years lived with HIV 5–8 years (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI:-1.02–6.57),CD4 count <200cells/ul (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI:-2.03–8.67), CD4 count200-350cells/ul(AOR = 1.82,95%CI:-1.01–3.26),infection with intestinal parasites (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI:-1.06–3.95), Participants with BMI <18.5kg/m2 (AOR = 2.96, 95%CI:-1.37–6.390),BMI 18.5-25kg/m2(AOR = 1.98, 95%CI:-1.11–3.56) and being HAART naïve (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI:- 1.16–4.28).ConclusionPrevalence of anemia among this study participant was high. This may affect the treatment outcome, increases morbidity and mortality of the participants. So periodic screening of anemia, a routine checkup of nutritional status, CD4 count and examination for intestinal parasite are essential.

Partograph Utilization and Factors Associated with Poor Perinatal Outcomes in Wolaita Sodo University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Maternal deaths remain a major public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of modified WHO partograph to monitor labour and delivery, in order to improve delivery care and reduce maternal and perinatal mortality rate. Objective: This study was aimed to assess utilization of partograph and factors associated with perinatal outcomes among women who delivered at wolaita sodo university teaching referral hospital. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 10_25, 2015 by conducting partograph review. A total of was 309 partographs were included in the study by using simple random sampling technique from the total frame of women who gave birth in the last one year and whose delivery was followed by partographs. A Pre-tested and structured checklist was used to collect data. Discriptive analysis was conducted and tables and graphs and summary statistics were used to depict data. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to check for variables that show association with neonatal outcomes at P value of 0.05. Finally, multiple logitic regression was conducted to identify factors independantely associated with fetal outcomes. Odds ratio with 95% Confidence interval was used to claim for statistical significance. Results: Out of 309 total of charts reviewed, only for 58%, 3.2% and 2% of mothers monitoring of fetal heart rate, liquor status and molding was done respectively. Labour parameters (cervical dilation, station and uterine contractions) were monitored to the standard in 155(50%), 12(3.9%) and 170(55%) respectively. Apgar score at 5 th minute was ≥7 in 268(86.7%) neonates and resuscitatation was done in 65(21%). 46(14.9%) of neonates were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for special. Most of the mothers 287(92.9%) had good outcome and only 22(7.1%) of them developed immediate adverse outcomes: There were significant association (p<0.05) between perinatal outcomes and factors like neonatal resuscitations, Apgar score at 1 st minute and liquor quality. Conclusion: This study showed poor quality of partogragh utilizations; despite good perinatal and immediate maternal outcomes. Hence, responsible departments and offices should be encouraged to ensure proper partograph utilization. Keywords : Perinatal outcome, parthograph, Wolaita sodo teaching and referral hospital DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/63-04 Publication date :June 30 th 2019

Sero-Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis Infection Among Pregnant Mothers Attended Labor Ward at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital: A Five-Year Retrospective Study (2012-2016)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV and Syphilis infections are the major public health problem in the developing countries. The prevalence of syphilis and HIV infections among pregnant women has been shown to vary by geographic areas, study population and time-period. Objective: The aim of study was to assess sero prevalence of HIV and syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women attended labor ward at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital. Method: Retrospective study was conducted using standard extraction format to assess the sero-prevalence of HIV and syphilis among pregnant women attending labor ward of WSTRH. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0 software and result was summarized using means and percentages and presented by using figure and tables. Descriptive statistics were used. Result: Overall prevalence of sexually transmitted infection among pregnant women in labor was 7.4% from these HIV sero-prevalence accounts for 3.8% and VDRL positivity enumerates to be 3.7%. HIV-syphilis co-infection was found to be 0.9%. Higher sero-prevalence of HIV, syphilis and co-infection rate was reported in 2016, among age category of 35-44 years. Conclusion and recommendation: Significant percentage of HIV, syphilis sero-prevalence and co-infection rate was found in this study with increased proportion in 2016. Strong antenatal screening and appropriate strategies should be devised for prevention and control of HIV, syphilis, in women of reproductive age.

Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Voluntary Blood Donors at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia.

Background. Transfusion-transmissible infections, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis are among the greatest threats to blood safety and pose a serious public health problem. Objective. To determine the magnitude of blood borne infections among blood donors at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital. Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10/11/2015 up to 10/12/2015. 390 donors were consecutively included and data on donor's age, sex, blood type, and serum screening results were obtained by structured questionnaire and laboratory investigation. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 1.4 and then exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Result. The seroprevalence of blood borne pathogens is 29.5% of which HCV, HBV, HIV, and syphilis account for 8.5%, 9.5%, 6.4%, and 7.5%, respectively. Multiple infections were observed among 2.8% of the infected individuals. In addition, age ≥ 30 has a significant association with HCV. Conclusion. Significantly higher prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections was identified from blood donors and they remain to be the greatest threat to blood safety, so comprehensive screening of donors' blood for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis using standard methods is highly recommended to ensure the safety of blood recipient.