Sodium Diphenylamine Sulfonate Research Articles

Interfacial Double‐Coordination Effect Guiding Uniform Electrodeposition for Reversible Zinc Metal Anode

AbstractThe long‐term reversible plating/stripping of Zn metal anode is a critical aspect within aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, it is limited by uncontrolled electrodeposition and side reactions occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface. Guided by the metal‐coordination chemistry, a novel additive, sodium diphenylamine sulfonate (DASS), is added into ZnSO4 electrolyte to guide stably invertible zinc deposition. Theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that the DASS can adsorbed on the Zn anode surface due to the strong double coordination effect between N, S sites and Zn (Zn─N, Zn─S), and this adsorbed DASS layer can not only prevent the intimate contact between H2O and anode to inhibit interfacial side reactions, but also guide the 3D Zn2+ion diffusion and uniform electrodeposition to inhibit zinc dendrites. Consequently, the DASS additive enables an ultra‐long stable cycling up to 2400 h at 1 mA cm−2 (1 mAh cm−2), even at an ultra‐high current density of 20 mA cm−2, a stable cycling of 250 h is demonstrated, highlighting the reliable coordination effect at the anode/electrolyte interface. This study offers a new perspective on the interfacial double‐coordination effect for achieving highly reversible Zn metal anodes in aqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries.

Recovery of rare earth by electro-sorption with sodium diphenylamine sulfonate modified activated carbon electrode

Electro-sorption has been used for water purification and desalination, but little research on the recovery of rare earth element (REE) in aqueous solution. In this work, sodium diphenylamine sulfonate (SDAS) modified the activated carbon (AC) on carbon felt (CF) is used to recovery the La(III), Nd(III) and Ce(III) ions by electro-sorption. Moreover, this electrode can be refreshed under the reversal voltage without any other chemical reagent. After 500 min of reaction, the adsorption capacity of La(III) ions reaches nearly 600 mg g−1, which remains stable in three cycles. Due to the synergistic effect of chemical and physical absorption, the electro-sorption of La(III) ions on SDAS/AC-CF electrode follows Langmuir isotherm, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Moreover, the adsorption capacities of Nd(III) and Ce(III) ions after nearly 180 min of reaction are 275 mg g−1 and higher than 366 mg g−1, respectively. Herein, white flocculent La(OH)3, purple flake-type purple Nd(OH)3 and brownish yellow spherical CeO2 are obtained after electro-sorption. This method is simple without the pollution of other chemical reagents. Therefore, it has revealed potential application value in the recovery of REE from wastewater.

Recovery of Rare Earth Ions by Electro-Sorption with Sodium Diphenylamine Sulfonate Modified Activated Carbon Electrode

Recovery of Rare Earth Ions by Electro-Sorption with Sodium Diphenylamine Sulfonate Modified Activated Carbon Electrode

Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets by a sodium diphenylamine sulfonate reduction process and its electrochemical property

We report a new method to convert graphene oxide (GO) to stable colloidal dispersion of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (RGONS) using sodium diphenylamine sulfonate (SDAS) as a reductant, as well as itself and its redox product as the stabilizer. The as-prepared RGONS have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the bulk of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO have been removed. Based on the cyclic voltammogram (CV) analyses, it is found that the RGONS-based material exhibits better electrochemical activity in sensing ascorbic acid than GO. The simple method provides a new efficient route for the synthesis of water-soluble RGONS on a large scale and novel composites.

Fabrication and electrorheology of graphene oxide/ionic N-substituted copolyaniline composite

Graphene oxide/copolyaniline (GO/NCOPA) composites were prepared with GO, which was prepared using a modified Hummers method and a monomer mixture containing aniline and ionic sodium diphenylamine sulfonate, where ionic N-substituted copolyaniline was synthesized by chemical oxidation. The GO/NCOPA composite, as a dry-base electrorheological (ER) fluid system, was dispersed in silicone oil. With the ionic substituent on the polymer chain, the composite showed both controllable electrical conductivity and higher polarization, which provide favorable factors for ER applications. The GO/NCOPA composite-based ER fluid containing a copolymer with an ionic group exhibited typical ER characteristics, as measured using a rotational rheometer equipped with a Couette-type cylinder and a high voltage generator. The dielectric spectra measure was correlated further with their ER performance.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Silver Sulfonate Involving Ag–C Interactions

A new coordination polymer [Ag(C6H5NHC6H4SO3)] (1) was synthesized by the reaction of sodium diphenylamine sulfonate, [C6H5NHC6H4SO3Na] (NaL, L = C6H5NHC6H4SO 3 − ) and silver nitrate and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals are triclinic Pī space group with cell parameters a = 5.640(1) A, b = 10.711(2) A and c = 10.737(2) A, α = 117.70(1)°, β = 90.95(1)°, γ = 94.51(1)°, V = 571.5 (4) A3, and Z = 2. The X-ray analysis shows that each silver cation is 4-coordinated by three oxygen atoms and one phenyl ring carbon atom. Silver cations are bridged by sulfonate groups to form an 8-membered closed ribbon structure, each ribbon is connected to the two neighboring ribbons through the organometallic bonds between the phenyl carbon atoms and the silver ions of the neighboring ribbons to form two-dimensional layer. Reaction of sodium diphenylamine sulfonate, [C6H5NHC6H4SO3Na] (NaL, L = C6H5NHC6H4SO 3 − ), with silver nitrate affords a novel silver sulfonate, [Ag(C6H5NHC6H4SO3)] (1) involving Ag–C interactions.

Rapid determination of chromium(VI) in electroplating waste water by use of a spectrophotometric flow injection system

A new rapid and sensitive FI method is reported for spectrophotometric determination of trace chromium(VI) in electroplating waste water. The method is based on the reaction of Cr(VI) with sodium diphenylamine sulfonate (DPH) in acidic medium to form a purple complex ( λ max = 550 nm). Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve is linear in the range 0.04–3.8 μg m l −1 at a sampling rate of 30 h −1. The detection limit of the method is 0.0217 μg m l −1, and the relative standard deviation is 1.1% for eight determinations of 2 μg ml −1 Cr(VI). The proposed method was applied to the determination of chromium in electroplating waste water with satisfactory results.

Synthesis of nearly monodispersive gold nanoparticles by a sodium diphenylamine sulfonate reduction process

Au nanoparticles have been prepared by the reaction of HAuCl4 and sodium diphenylamine sulfonate in the presence/absence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) at room temperature. The nanoparticles were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The research showed that the molar ratio of PVP/ HAuCl4 has effect on the size and the morphology of Au nanoparticles.

Large-Scale Synthesis of Single Crystal Silver Nanowires by a Sodium Diphenylamine Sulfonate Reduction Process

Silver nanowires with high aspect ratios of up to more than 60 were synthesized on a large scale by the redox reaction between silver nitrate and sodium diphenylamine sulfonate at room temperature and in the absence of surfactant and hard-template and seed. When the molar ratio of reductant sodium diphenylamine sulfonate and silver nitrate < or =1, most products were all the nanowires. When the molar ratio increases to 2:1, silver nanowires and nanobelts were concomitantly formed. The redox product N, N'-diphenylbenzidinedisulfonate and sodium diphenylamine sulfonate all play an important role in the formation of silver nanostructures. The structure, morphology, and composition of the silver nanowires were characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis (EDX), and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. High-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) reveal the single-crystal nature of the silver nanowires.

Polyaniline and its modification for electroresponsive material under applied electric fields

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) and its various copolymers were synthesized using different monomers such as o‐methyl‐, o‐methoxy‐, o‐ethyl‐, o‐ethoxyaniline and sodium diphenylamine sulfonate by the chemical oxidation polymerization as air‐stable organic conducting polymers, and adopted as one of the most potential materials of electrorheological (ER) fluids, especially for the anhydrous system. A relatively low density, a controllable conductivity, and thermal stability are advantages of the PANI based ER system compared with other ER materials. An FT‐IR analysis was adopted to confirm their synthesis and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated the shape of PANI derivatives was irregular. The effect of functional group of PANI on electric and electroresponsive properties of poly(aniline‐co‐ethoxyaniline) (COPA) particles were examined. A universal scaling equation of the yield stress was applied to these ER fluids and it was found that all data were collapsed successfully onto a single curve regardless of monomer type of the polyaniline synthesized. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Hyperbranched Sulfonated Polydiphenylamine as a Novel Self-Doped Conducting Polymer and Its pH Response

A synthesis strategy for a hyperbranched sulfonated polydiphenylamine was developed. First, a hyperbranched polyvinylbenzoxylamine (H-PVBPA) was prepared by controlled atom transfer radical copolymerization of an amino-protected vinylbenzoxylamine (4-VBPA-tBOC) and 4-chloromethyl styrene followed by deprotection. Second, H-PVBPA was reacted with sodium diphenylamine sulfonate under acidic conditions to generate hyperbranched sulfonated polydiphenylamine (H-PSDA). The H-PSDA exhibited conductivities of 3.7 × 10-2 and 1.2 × 10-2 S/cm in HCl-doped and self-doped states, respectively. The microstructure of H-PSDA in aqueous solutions was found to be sensitive to the pH. In the dedoped state (at pH ≥ 7), AFM identified nanoscale particles of uniform size around 40 nm. The self-doped H-PSDA aggregated at pH = 7 via intermolecular doping interaction, generating large and irregular particles (>200 nm). When the pH was decreased below 5, the aggregates could be dispersed as smaller particles of about 120 nm becaus...

The influence of sodium diphenylamine sulfonate on the electrodeposition of Mg–Ni alloy and its electrochemical characteristics

Voltammetric measurements showed that sodium diphenylamine sulfonate (SDS) could inhibit hydrogen evolution and form complexes with nickel and magnesium ions for Mg–Ni alloy electrodeposition. The characteristics of differential capacity curves from differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry showed that SDS had an absorption effect on the cathode electrode. Steady state cathode polarization of Mg–Ni alloy measurements on rotating disk copper electrodes were performed, the relative results from the polarization curves indicated that SDS acted as a levelling agent. The phases and morphology of Mg–Ni alloy were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A series of spectra showed that phenothiazine codeposited with Mg–Ni alloy. The value 0.9 of H/M ( M=Mg–Ni alloy) was determined by pressure–composition isotherm measurements. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy was 388 mA h/g; the decay of discharge capacity was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.

EFFECT OF IONIC AND NONIONIC SUBSTITUENTS ON THE ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYANILINE DERIVATIVES

We report our experimental results on the electrorheological (ER) characteristics of ER fluids consisting of suspensions of semiconducting polyaniline and copolyaniline particles in silicone oil. Ionic sodium diphenylamine sulfonate and nonionic o-ethoxyaniline were introduced to synthesize copolyanilines, i.e. N-substituted copolyaniline and poly (aniline-co-o-ethoxyaniline), respectively. ER fluids using these particles were compared. ER fluids, which contain the ionic copolymer, showed the highest ER performance among polyaniline and its copolymer systems. This result was interpreted in terms of the conductivities of the particles and their dielectric spectra.

Electrorheological characteristics of polyaniline and its copolymer suspensions with ionic and nonionic substituents

Electrorheological (ER) characteristics of ER fluids, composed of suspensions of semiconducting polyaniline and two different copolyaniline particles in silicone oil, were determined experimentally. Ionic sodium diphenylamine sulfonate and nonionic o-ethoxyaniline were used to synthesize copolyanilines, i.e. N-substituted copolyaniline and poly(aniline-co-o-ethoxyaniline), respectively. ER fluids composed of these three different polymers were compared with respect to their rheological properties under an applied electric field. It was found that ER fluids containing a copolymer with an ionic group exhibited the highest ER performance among polyaniline and its copolymer systems in a shear-rate region above 1 s−1.

A rapid and mercury pollution-free redoximetry determination of total iron in copper ore

A rapid and mercury pollution-free method for the determination of total iron in the presence of copper is described. The sample was decomposed either by an acid attack of hydrochloric acid—nitric acid (1 + 2) or by fusion with sodium peroxide. The ferric ion in the sample solution was amenable to direct reduction to ferrous ion with potassium borohydride in sulphuric acid medium under the catalysis of cupric ion, followed by titration with potassium dichromate using sodium diphenylaminesulfonate as an indicator. After reduction, the iron (II) in the solution was stable for 300 min. The proposed method is free of interference from copper and has been successfully used for the large-scale routine determination of total iron in copper ores showing the same or better degree of precision and accuracy as those obtained by the classic standard stannous chloride—mercuric chloride method with the separation of iron from copper.

Cytological Studies on the Absorptive Surfaces of Cestodes. VI. Cytochemical Evaluation of Electrostatic Charge

Adsorption of acid anionic and cationic colloidal iron, "H-polyamino acids, and "Ca to the tegument plasmalemma of Hymenolepis diminuta was examined by electron microscopy, radioassay, and autoradiography. Observations are consistent with the presence of a relatively high electronegative charge density at the outer surface of the membrane, which appears capable of repelling anionic materials of high molecular weight. Possible microenvironmental implications include the exclusion of potentially deleterious organic materials of like charge and the concentration of physiologically important inorganic counterions proximal to the parasite's surface. A layer of complex carbohydrates at the surface of a variety of microorganisms, metazoan and higher plant cells has been demonstrated in numerous histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical investigations (see reviews by Bennett, 1963; Rambourg and Leblond, 1967; Ito, 1969; Martinez-Palomo, 1970; Winzler, 1970). Not infrequently, these coats are polyelectrolytes (Katchalsky, 1964) with significant influence on the electrokinetic charge of the cell surface (Haydon and Seaman, 1967; Ward and Ambrose, 1969). Tapeworms are similarly invested with a carbohydrate-rich surface coat (Lumsden et al., 1970a; Rothman and Elder, 1970) which binds ionic colloidal tracers both in vitro and in vivo (Lumsden et al., 1970b). We have suggested that ionogenic functions present in the tegument membrane glycocalyx might serve as electrostatic binding sites of significance in the physiology of the host-parasite relationship. However, it is known that carbohydrates can also chelate metal ions, apparently by covalent interactions involving their hydroxyl and carbonyl oxygen atoms (Charley et al., 1963; Davis, 1965; Deller, 1966). In order to evaluate the relative charge density of the tapeworm surface membrane the binding of oppositely charged metallic and nonmetallic tracers was compared. Received for publication 9 August 1971. *This work was supported by research grants from the NIH (AI 08673) and the NSF (GB 17992), and Career Development Award K04AI 23449 from the U. S. Public Health Service, NIH, NIAID. As colloidal materials do not cross the tegument membrane of adult hymenolepid cestodes (Lumsden et al., 1970b), they make suitable tracers for studies of surface adsorption by these parasites. Micellar suspensions of cationic and anionic metal oxides, and tritiated polybasic and polyacidic peptides were therefore selected as markers which could be directly imaged by electron microscopy or quantitatively detected by radioassay. In most instances, glutaraldehyde-fixed worms were used instead of live material, since this form of fixation was found to stabilize surface membrane structure against the otherwise cytolytic effects of the polyamino acid tracers (Mamelak et al., 1969) and the charge blocking chemical procedures carried out in conjunction with these incubations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult Hymenolepis diminuta were obtained from laboratory-infected rats according to Read et al. (1963). After rinsing in tris-maleate-buffered Krebs Ringers saline (KRT) (Read et al., 1963), intact worms were placed in vials containing icecold, 1.0 M cacodylate-buffered 3% glutaraldehyde, followed 30 min later by thorough washing with cacodylate buffer, then KRT. Cationic ferric oxide was prepared by adding 1 volume 0.5 M ferric chloride to 12 volumes boiling distilled water, followed by dialysis against 10 volumes of distilled water (Mowry, 1958). A stock suspension containing approximately 1 g of iron per liter was prepared by appropriate dilution of the dialyzed suspension with distilled water, the initial iron concentration therein being determined by titration with sodium diphenylamine sulfonate or permanganate after stannous chloride reduction (Griffin, 1954; Willard and Fuhrman, 1947). Anionic ferric oxide was prepared by mixing 1

An evaluation of selected methods of collection and analysis of low concentrations of ozone.

Abstract Seven analytical methods for ozone are evaluated. Equipment used for generating the ozone is discussed. Information concerning methods of collection of ozone is presented. Potassium iodide, phenolphthalein, sodium diphenylamine sulfonate, and fluorescein methods are either nonspecific for ozone or lack sensitivity. The dimethoxystilbene method, in our hands, lacked sensitivity and posed reagent difficulties. The NO2-equivalent method is an excellent research procedure and is the method of choice for field investigations where fluctuating NO, concentrations are not encountered. The rubber-cracking procedure is empirical, but, as an indicator method, its speed, specificity, and simplicity make this procedure attractive to the industrial hygienist, especially for preliminary surveys.

Sodium Diphenylaminesulfonate as an Analytical Reagent for Ozone

Sodium Diphenylaminesulfonate as an Analytical Reagent for Ozone