Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate Research Articles

Treatment of temporomandibular joint internal derangement using MESNA injection

IntroductionThe development of temporomandibular disorders specifically emphasizes the biochemical changes occurring in the synovial fluid at different stages of temporomandibular joint disease. Research has indicated that inflammation may be a primary reason behind the pain and dysfunction in temporomandibular joint diseases. Since its clearance several years ago, MESNA (sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) has been used in various formulations as a mucolytic drug in the respiratory domain. It operates by disrupting the disulfide bonds present between polypeptide chains within mucus. MESNA exhibits minimal tissue distribution, with the material being swiftly and thoroughly eliminated via the kidneys.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of injecting MESNA directly into the Temporomandibular Joint to treat internal derangement.Materials and methodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted on sixty patients who exhibited non-responsiveness to conventional treatment and were diagnosed with TMJ anterior disc displacement with reduction. The patients were chosen from the outpatient clinic of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at Tanta University Faculty of Dentistry. Two equal groups of patients were randomly assigned to each other. Group I (Mesna group) received intra-articular injection with MESNA solution. Group II (Standard group) received arthrocentesis with lactated ringer solution followed by injection of Hyaluronic Acid (HA). The data was gathered by functional examinations such as maximum interincisal opening (MIO) and clicking. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) assessed pain severity before and after treatments.ResultsBoth MESNA and HA showed significant improvement up to six months of the follow-up compared to preoperative status, as evidenced by better mouth opening, lateral excursion, lower clicking, and reduced pain score in patients with TMDs. MESNA showed significant improvement during follow-up compared to HA.ConclusionCompared to HA, MESNA showed a more noticeable improvement during the follow-up period.

Mesna Improves Outcomes of Sulfur Mustard Inhalation Toxicity in an Acute Rat Model.

Inhalation of high levels of sulfur mustard (SM), a potent vesicating and alkylating agent used in chemical warfare, results in acutely lethal pulmonary damage. Sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) is an organosulfur compound that is currently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for decreasing the toxicity of mustard-derived chemotherapeutic alkylating agents like ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide. The nucleophilic thiol of mesna is a suitable reactant for the neutralization of the electrophilic group of toxic mustard intermediates. In a rat model of SM inhalation, treatment with mesna (three doses: 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally 20 minutes, 4 hours, and 8 hours postexposure) afforded 74% survival at 48 hours, compared with 0% survival at less than 17 hours in the untreated and vehicle-treated control groups. Protection from cardiopulmonary failure by mesna was demonstrated by improved peripheral oxygen saturation and increased heart rate through 48 hours. Additionally, mesna normalized arterial pH and pACO2 Airway fibrin cast formation was decreased by more than 66% in the mesna-treated group at 9 hour after exposure compared with the vehicle group. Finally, analysis of mixtures of a mustard agent and mesna by a 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) assay and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry demonstrate a direct reaction between the compounds. This study provides evidence that mesna is an efficacious, inexpensive, FDA-approved candidate antidote for SM exposure. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite the use of sulfur mustard (SM) as a chemical weapon for over 100 years, an ideal drug candidate for treatment after real-world exposure situations has not yet been identified. Utilizing a uniformly lethal animal model, the results of the present study demonstrate that sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate is a promising candidate for repurposing as an antidote, decreasing airway obstruction and improving pulmonary gas exchange, tissue oxygen delivery, and survival following high level SM inhalation exposure, and warrants further consideration.

The assesment of intraoperative use of mesna in canal wall-up cholesteatoma surgery - preliminary report.

<b>Introduction:</b> Surgery is still the method of choice in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Except for some specific clinical situations, classic canal wall up technique (CWU), remains a gold standard as a primary treatment in most departments. Unfortunately, the risk of recurrence in such an approach is estimated at 9 to even 70%. This fact prompts researchers to look for ways to reduce those unfavourable statistics. One of the recognized methods supporting the removal of cholesteatoma is the intraoperative use of mesna (sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate). This synthetic sulphur compound disrupts disulfide bridges in polypeptide chains, thanks to which it facilitates matrix preparation.</br></br> <b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the effect of intraoperative use of mesna on the treatment outcomes in patients with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma operated on by means of the canal wall up technique (CWU).</br></br> <b>Material and methods:</b> 459 surgical reports of patients with middle ear cholesteatoma were analyzed. In total, 52 adult patients with no history of previous ear surgery operated on by means of the CWU technique by the same experienced otosurgeon with all follow-up data available were included in the study. Twenty-six were operated on with the use of mesna (mesna group) and 26 by means of the classic CWU technique (control / no-mesna group). There were 28 women and 24 men with a mean age of 41 years.</br></br> <b>Main Outcome Measure(s):</b> Postoperative hearing results and cholesteatoma recidivism rate.</br></br> <b>Results:</b> Overall recidivism rate was 21.15 %. It was higher in the no-mesna (26.9%) than in the mesna group (15.4%) - although the outcomes were better in the mesna group, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.49715). Hearing gain was better in the mesna than in the no-mesna group (10 dB vs 7 dB), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.20089).</br></br> <b>Conclusions:</b> Our preliminary results show that mesna reduces recidivism rates in patients with cholesteatoma. Further study with the analysis of a larger group of patients is needed to prove it statistically.

The utility of the CADISS® system in the dissection of epidural fibrosis in revision lumbar spine surgery (A case series)

This was a prospective, open label, observational case study. We enrolled 21 patients for revision spine surgery with the CADISS® System at two Belgium sites. The primary assessment was the number of successful removals of epidural fibrosis without cutting. The amount of MESNA used, total dissection and procedure time were recorded. For secondary criterion, the surgeons assessed global satisfaction, facilitation of dissection, quickness of action, usability, bleeding reduction and visualisation of the cleavage plane using an 11-point Likert scale (0-10). Due to the exploratory nature, no formal statistical analysis was planned. We calculated the percentage and confidence interval of successful procedures, the medians and corresponding interquartile range of the Likert criterion, and the mean (±SD) of the amount of MESNA used, CADISS® dissection time and total procedure time. 24 fibrosis dissections were performed in 19 patients and 23 were successful (95.8%, CI: 78.9%; 99.9%). The mean amount of MESNA used, mean dissection time and procedure time were 16ml (±4.94), 16.5min (±16.1) and 86.3min (±25.1), respectively. No dural tears were reported. The mean global satisfaction score was 9.0 (8.0-9.0). All other Likert criterion had scores of 8.0 or 9.0, excluding quickness of action, which scored 7.0 (6.0-9.0). The CADISS® System in revision spine surgery has potential to effectively reduce dissection complications.

A pseudotriangular layered platelet composed of silver 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate and its dual effects as pearlescent and antimicrobial pigments

Pearls have been highly valued as gemstones for thousands of years because of their unique and fascinating colors. However, it was difficult to harvest pearls in large quantities in nature due to their scarcity. Thus, there has been a steady demand for the development of artificial pearlescent pigments, and substrate-based pigments composed of mica substrates with coated metal oxide layers were introduced in the 1960s. Although these pigments remain the most common pearlescent pigments up to date, they have no other functions except for the pearlescent effect. Herein, we present novel micron-sized particles which are layered platelets with a unique pseudotriangular shape (triangular with concave sides and a bifurcated vertex) and composed of antimicrobial reagents, silver cations, and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate anions. These particles exhibit both pearlescent and antimicrobial properties owing to their structure (layered platelets) and constituents (antimicrobial reagents), respectively. An additional advantage of these particles is that they can be prepared in one-pot process through a precipitation reaction by simply mixing two aqueous solutions containing silver cations and sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate anions. These particles can potentially be used as pigments requiring both pearlescent and antimicrobial properties in the pigment field.

Mesna, an unusual agent causing hypersensitivity reactions during chemotherapy

Sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) is a detoxifying agent used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in patients receiving chemotherapy with either high-dose cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide. It has a reported half-life of 22 minutes, is quickly excreted by the kidneys after infusion, and accumulates in the bladder, where it detoxifies urotoxic breakdown products of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide.1 Despite multiple reported dosage regimens, mesna is usually administered before or concomitant with the first dose of cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide, followed by bolus doses.

Algaecidal and oxidative effects of metal-free phthalocyanine beta tetra-substituted with sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate

In this study, a water-soluble metal-free phthalocyanine (SPC) containing sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate substituents at the peripheral positions was used to investigate the algaecidal properties and oxidative effects on the growth of two microalgal species, Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. Although OD at 560 nm and chlorophyll-a content were decreased in Arthrospira platensis during 7 days depending on dose and time, increases in both OD at 750 and chlorophyll-a content at 8 ppb (parts per billion) concentration on the 7th day were observed in Chlorella vulgaris. However, total SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GR (glutathione reductase) enzyme activity of A. platensis cultures did not display any alteration in all concentrations, SOD activity displayed an increase significantly at 2 ppb concentration, and GR activity showed increases at 1, 2, and 4 ppb concentrations in C. vulgaris application. In A. platensis application, APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity decreased at 0.50 ppb, 1 ppb, and 1.5 ppb concentrations. In addition, C. vulgaris application showed decreases at all concentrations. When MDA content increased at all concentrations, the H2O2 content increased only at significatly 0.125 ppb concentration in A. platensis cultures. Both MDA (malondialdehyde) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) content of C. vulgaris cultures showed a statistically significant decrease at all concentrations compared to control. Free proline decreased at 0.25 ppb, 0.50 ppb, 1 ppb, and 1.5 ppb concentrations in A. platensis application, and it decreased at all the concentrations of C. vulgaris application. It concluded that this compound has inhibition effects on A. platensis, but it supports growth in C. vulgaris. Therefore, this synthesized phthalocyanine compound (SPC) should be consumed carefully, and the contamination to aquatic ecosystems should be prevented.

Analysis of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate in rat plasma using high performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry

Sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (MESNA) is a thiol-containing compound that has proven to be effective in inactivating acrolein, the toxic metabolite of some anti-cancer drugs (e.g., cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide). Also, it scavenges free radicals which cause numerous disorders by attacking biological molecules. Current methods available to analyze MESNA in biological matrices include colorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet, fluorescence, or electrochemical detection. These methods have several limitations including low sensitivity, poor selectivity, a high degree of difficulty, and long analysis times. Hence, a rapid, simple, and sensitive HPLC tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify MESNA in rat plasma following IP administration. The analysis of MESNA was accomplished via plasma protein precipitation, centrifugation, supernatant evaporation, reconstitution, and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The method showcases an outstanding limit of detection (20 nM), excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999, and percent residual accuracy >90%) and a wide linear range (0.05–200 μM). The method also produced good accuracy and precision (100 ± 10% and <10% relative standard deviation, respectively). The validated method was successfully used to analyze MESNA from treated animals and will allow easier development of MESNA for therapeutic purposes.

A 'chemical help' in middle-ear surgery? A systematic review on sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate.

Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (Mesna) has been proposed as a chemical aid in any surgical procedure, including cholesteatoma surgery. This review investigated the benefits and safety of Mesna during surgical management of cholesteatoma and adhesive otitis media. A systematic literature review was performed to identify clinical studies evaluating topical Mesna application during ear surgery (cholesteatoma or atelectasis). A qualitative analysis based on data extracted was conducted. From 27 articles, 5 retrospective studies were selected for a full analysis for a total of 607 patients (aged 5 to 72 years). Three studies evaluated cholesteatoma recidivism after Mesna application during cholesteatoma surgery, one study evaluated the surgical success rate of Mesna application for the treatment of atelectatic ears and adhesive otitis media, and one study evaluated potential ototoxicity of Mesna during cholesteatoma surgery. All the studies showed overall improvement in recurrence and residual cholesteatoma disease after Mesna application during surgery. Sensorineural hearing loss was not encountered after Mesna application. Mesna application in cholesteatoma surgery could represent a valid and safe support tool during surgical treatment carried out both with microscopy and endoscopy. More studies are required to confirm these promising results.

Therapeutic effect of sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Background Incidence of UC is high worldwide and has started to increase more and more specifically in the middle-east in the past few years. The established treatment of UC is still unsatisfactory, so the authors seek to develop new therapeutic modalities for UC. Materials and methods A total of 40 adult rats were divided into five groups (n = 8). Group 1 (control) is vehicle-treated group. Group 2 (DSStreated) received DSS 5% in drinking water for 7 days. Group 3 (DSS–Mesna-treated) received DSS 5% in drinking water for 7 days followed by Mesna 400 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal for 10 days. Group 4 (DSS–sulfasalazine-treated) received DSS 5% in drinking water followed by sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/day; orally for 10 days). Group 5 (DSSMesna and sulfasalazine treated) received DSS 5% for 7 days followed by combined drugs for 10 days. Colonic tissue was used for estimation of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. In addition, histopathological changes of rat colon were assessed. Results Mesna, sulfasalazine, and their combination significantly reduced body weight loss. They significantly increased the antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione). They improved histopathological changes of UC. Conclusion Mesna may play a role in treatment of DSS-induced UC. Its combination with sulfasalazine showed better therapeutic effect than Mesna used alone.

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of algal oxidative effects of water-soluble copper phthalocyanine containing sulfonate groups.

In this study, the chemical and algicidal properties of the newly synthesized compound (2) were evaluated and its algal oxidative effects were determined in Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. First, we have reported on the synthesis and characterization of highly water-soluble copper (II) phthalocyanine (2), containing sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (2) substituents at the peripheral positions. Some spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the new synthesized compound (2). In terms of biological properties, C. vulgaris were more tolerance to compound (2) than A. platensis depending to growth parameters. When SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity significantly increased at 0.25ppb and 1.5ppb concentrations in A. platensis cultures, it increased at 6ppb concentration in C. vulgaris cultures. GR (Glutathione reductase) activity decreased at 1ppb and 1.5ppb concentrations while APX (Ascorbate peroxidase) activity did not show a significant change at any concentrations in A. platensis cultures. GR activity showed a significant increase at 6ppb concentration, while APX activity increased at all concentrations compared to control in C. vulgaris cultures. MDA (malondialdehyde) and H2O2 content decreased at 1 and 1.5ppb concentrations but there were significant increases in the proline content at all concentrations compared to the control in A. platensis. MDA, H2O2 and free proline contents showed a significant increase at 0.5ppb concentration in C. vulgaris. In conclusion, compound (2) have algicidal effects, and also it causes to oxidative stress in these organisms.

Algaecidal and oxidative effects of metal-free phthalocyanine beta tetra-substituted with sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate.

In this study, a water-soluble metal-free phthalocyanine (SPC) containing sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate substituents at the peripheral positions was used to investigate the algaecidal properties and oxidative effects on the growth of two microalgal species, Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. Although OD at 560 nm and chlorophyll-a content were decreased in Arthrospira platensis during 7 days depending on dose and time, increases in both OD at 750 and chlorophyll-a content at 8 ppb (parts per billion) concentration on the 7th day were observed in Chlorella vulgaris. However, total SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GR (glutathione reductase) enzyme activity of A. platensis cultures did not display any alteration in all concentrations, SOD activity displayed an increase significantly at 2 ppb concentration, and GR activity showed increases at 1, 2, and 4 ppb concentrations in C. vulgaris application. In A. platensis application, APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity decreased at 0.50 ppb, 1 ppb, and 1.5 ppb concentrations. In addition, C. vulgaris application showed decreases at all concentrations. When MDA content increased at all concentrations, the H2O2 content increased only at significatly 0.125 ppb concentration in A. platensis cultures. Both MDA (malondialdehyde) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) content of C. vulgaris cultures showed a statistically significant decrease at all concentrations compared to control. Free proline decreased at 0.25 ppb, 0.50 ppb, 1 ppb, and 1.5 ppb concentrations in A. platensis application, and it decreased at all the concentrations of C. vulgaris application. It concluded that this compound has inhibition effects on A. platensis, but it supports growth in C. vulgaris. Therefore, this synthesized phthalocyanine compound (SPC) should be consumed carefully, and the contamination to aquatic ecosystems should be prevented.

Application of Argent Metric in the Estimation of Mesna in Tablets and Injections. Application to Content Uniformity Testing

A new, accurate, sensitive and simple indirect spectrophotometric method for the estimation of sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (mesna) has been developed. This procedure base on the reaction of mesna with excess of silver nitrate and a known amount of methyl orange and the increase in absorbance at 520 nm, caused by a decrease in pH due to release of nitric acid, is measured and related to drug concentration .The absorbance results increased with increasing concentration of mesna . Beer’ s law is obeyed and linear at the concentration range of 2-28µg/ml. Apparent molar absorbance, Sand ell’s sensitivity values were 7.16×103 Lmol-1cm-1. And 22.93 ng.cm-2 respectively, The present method is considered to be simple because it does not need either heating or hydrolysis or solvent extraction steps. The ingredients often formulated with Metoclopramide hydrochloride have been shown not to interfere, and the proposed method is suitable for the routine determination of mesna. The (RSD) of this method was less than 2 and average recovery (accuracy) is 100 ± 0.75. The method applied successfully for estimation of mesna in (tablets and injections pharmaceutical formulations).and Application to Content Uniformity Testing

Facile synthesis of poly (arylene ether ketone)s containing flexible sulfoalkyl groups with enhanced oxidative stability for DMFCs

After tethering sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MTS) to the bromomethylated poly(arylene ether ketone) precursor, a novel clustered sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) containing flexible sulfoalkyl groups (MTSPAEK) was prepared and used as polymer electrolyte membrane for application in DMFCs. The chemical structure and the degree of grafting of MTSPAEK copolymers were identified by 1H NMR spectra. The resulted MTSPAEK copolymers exhibited excellent thermal stability (Td5% > 259 °C) and good mechanical properties (tensile strength at break > 52 MPa). Compared to conventional sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon polymers, MTSPAEK membranes displayed enhanced oxidative stability in Fenton's reagent owing to the elimination of free radicals by the sulfide groups located on the polymer side chains. Especially, MTSPAEK-2.10 with the highest content of flexible sulfoalkyl groups exhibited a highest proton conductivity of 0.181 S cm−1 at 80 °C. It could be attributed to the obvious hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase-separated structure within the membrane, which was confirmed by AFM images. Moreover, MTSPAEK-2.10 membrane performed a peak power density of 70 mW cm−2 in DMFC when feeding with 2 M methanol at 80 °C, which was comparable to the performance of recast Nafion as reported. Therefore, the combination of good thermal stability and mechanical properties, good oxidative stability, and good methanol barrier performance of MTSPAEK membranes indicated that they have potential to be alternative materials for PEMs in DMFCs.

Hemorrhagic Cystitis after Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide: Protective Effect of MESNA Continuous Infusion.

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is an important complication after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-CY). Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) can prevent bladder injury when given with PT-CY. However, the best way to deliver MESNA is not known. This study assessed the incidence of HC after haplo-HSCT with PT-CY with 2 different methods of MESNA administration. The cumulative incidence of HC was lower in patients who received MESNA as a continuous infusion compared with those who received it as an intermittent bolus (5.6% versus 27.8%; P=.01). MESNA administration as an infusion was associated with a lower risk of developing HC (hazard ratio [HR], .19; 95% confidence interval [CI], .04 to .86; P=.02) on univariate analysis. This effect remained significant after adjustment in multivariate analysis (HR, .21; 95% CI, .04 to .88; P=.03). MESNA delivered as a continuous infusion is a simple and potentially useful way to prevent HC after PT-CY.

Synthesis, characterization, photo-physicochemical and biological properties of water-soluble tetra-substituted phthalocyanines: Antidiabetic, anticancer and anticholinergic potentials

In this study, we have reported on the synthesis and characterization of water-soluble phthalocyanines [M=2H (2), Zn(II) (3), Ga(III)Cl (4)], containing sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate substituents at the non-peripheral positions. All compounds were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopies, and MALDI-TOF mass spectra. Besides, spectral, photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields) and photochemical (singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation under light irradiation) properties of newly synthesized phthalocyanines were investigated in DMSO. These synthesized phthalocyanines [M=2H (2), Zn(II) (3), Ga(III)Cl (4)] were found to be effective inhibitor compounds for the α-glycosidase, human carbonic anhydrase I and II (cytosolic, ubiquitous isozymes), hCA IX (transmembrane, cancerassociated isozyme), and cholinesterase enzymes with Ki values in the range of 0.66±0.08–2.31±0.24 μM for α-glycosidase, 8.54±1.63−14.93±2.05 μM for hCA I, 10.77±1.55−13.74±0.97 μM for hCA II, 10.55±0.98−15.96±1.54 μM for hCA IX, 102.77±16.04–158.43±26.95 μM for BChE, and 114.75±15.05–174.31±35.43 μM for AChE, respectively. Additionally, this work is also the first example of cancer-associated isozyme hCA IX inhibition by these novel phthalocyanines.

Synthesis of water soluble tetra-substituted phthalocyanines: Investigation of DNA cleavage, cytotoxic effects and metabolic enzymes inhibition

In this study, we have reported the synthesis and characterization of 4-(sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) phthalonitrile (1) as ligand and its water-soluble phthalocyanine compounds [M = 2H (2), Zn(II) (3), Ga(III)Cl (4), In(III)Cl (5)] containing sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate substituents at the peripheral positions. All compounds were characterized by UV–Vis, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopies, and MALDI-TOF mass spectra. Besides, the DNA cleavage effects of the phthalocyanine compounds were investigated using agarose gel electrophoresis and cytotoxic effects of them were determined on BT-20, DU-145, A549, SNU-398 and HFC cell lines using MTT assay. The compounds cleaved supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA upon irradiation (white, 17.5 mW/cm2, 60 min) in the presence of H2O2. The IC50 values of (2) were determined as 145.76, 93.75, 124.73, 128.81 and 136 μM on BT-20, DU-145, A549, SNU-398 and HFC cell lines, respectively. The IC50 values of others were above 200 μM on five cell lines. These results showed that the compounds had low cytotoxic effects against breast, prostate, lung and liver cell lines. These water-soluble phthalocyanine compounds [M = 2H (2), Zn(II) (3), Ga(III)Cl (4), In(III)Cl (5)] were found to be good inhibitor against the α-glycosidase, human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms, and both cholinesterase enzymes with Ki values in the range of 84.02 ± 16.95–166.47 ± 14.87 μM for α-glycosidase, 7.54 ± 1.02–31.65 ± 3.08 μM for hCA I, 5.97 ± 0.97–36.13 ± 6.97 μM for hCA II, 1.02 ± 0.14–3.42 ± 0.86 μM for BChE, and 2.01 ± 0.32–3.98 ± 0.12 μM for AChE, respectively.

Preparation of difunctional polymer-based cation exchangers and their application in ion chromatography

Ion chromatography (IC) is one of the most important means for the separation and analysis of cationic compounds. Research on high-performance cation exchangers is of great significance for the advancement of modern IC techniques. Herein we proposed a newly developed modification method for polymer-based particles, based on thiol-radical-mediated polymerization. Specifically, acrylic acid and maleic anhydride were used as monomers and sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate was used as the thiol modifier to prepare novel difunctional cation exchangers, functionalized with both carboxylic and sulfonic groups. With simple strong acid eluents, typical cations were well separated with good resolution. The retention behaviors of metal cations and organic amines on the cation exchangers were investigated using multiple chromatographic models. The good performances of the cation exchangers were also demonstrated by the gradient separation of ten cations within 24 min. The new method was easy to perform with high efficiency. Additionally, the cation exchange capacities of the cation exchangers were easily modulated by adjusting the initial content of the thiol modifier.

Sulfonate modified Lactoferrin nanoparticles as drug carriers with dual activity against HIV-1

Intriguing properties and structural dynamics of Lactoferrin have been exploited in numerous applications, including its use as self-assembling, pH sensitive nanoparticles to deliver intended cargo at the disease site. In this study, we explore the possibility of surface modification of Lactoferrin nanoparticles to hone its specificity to target HIV-1 infected cells. Existence of free cysteine groups on Lactoferrin nanoparticles available for reaction with external molecules facilitates conjugation on the surface with Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES). Conjugation with MES is used to edge a negative charge that can mimic CCR5 and Heparan sulfate (initial point of contact of HIV-1 env to host cell surface) electrostatic charge (Sulfate group). A simple sono-chemical irradiation method was employed for self-assembly of Nanoparticles and for surface modification. The nanoparticles serve dual purpose to abrogate extracellular entry and to target viral enzymes, when loaded with ART drugs. The morphology and size distribution of the formed particles were explored using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering. Raman SERS was employed to understand the difference in the protein upon surface modification. The anti-HIV property of the particles was confirmed in-vitro. The modified device demonstrated acceptable nanoparticle properties with controlled release and higher effective concentration in the area of infection.

Total removal of Hg (II) from wastewater using magnetic nanoparticles coated with nanometric Ag and functionalized with sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate

Divalent mercury (Hg (II)) is the predominant mercury species in aquatic environments. Hg (II) combines easily with human enzymes, thus causing acute diseases, even at very low concentrations. Among existing procedures to remove Hg (II) from water, adsorption is widely used, achieving high removal efficiencies. However, most actual adsorption techniques require high temperatures, long times or tedious procedures. Here we present a novel, simple and fast method to remove Hg (II) from wastewater by using magnetic-core nanoparticles coated with metallic silver and functionalized with sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate. This adsorbent was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, which showed a contact surface area of the adsorbent equal to 116.476 m2/g. The equilibrium isotherm is characterized by the Langmuir model. Results show that 100% adsorption efficiency is achieved in 30 seconds of contact time, at pH 6.2 and room temperature, employing a low dose of adsorbent. The adsorbent can be recovered and recycled, keeping 100% adsorption efficiency for two additional cycles. The presence of other ions commonly found in aqueous media does not interfere with Hg (II) adsorption.