Socio-political Institutions Research Articles

ҚОҒАМДЫҚ САЯСИ ИНСТИТУТТАРЫНЫҢ ТАРИХИ ҚҰҚЫҚТЫҚ ҚАЛЫПТАСУЫ

The article will focus on the process of formation and development of laws and regulations governing the life of society. This process takes place in the history of mankind, such as diverse forms of democracy (representative, direct, multiparty), republican form of government, constitutional guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens, independent courts, free and transparent elections and is associated with the formation of various institutions of power, mechanisms of governance of society, human and civil rights. Socio-political institutions include such elements as the state, legislative, executive and judicial authorities, political parties, social movements and the system of rights and obligations of citizens to society. The historical legal formation of socio-political institutions reflects the evolution of the socio-political system and the formation of the rule of law. We are talking about issues related to changes in the socio-economic situation, culture and values of society, as well as the struggle for the rights and freedoms of citizens. The process of historical legal formation of socio-political institutions is an essential element of the development of society and democracy, as it contributes to the strengthening of the rule of law. It should also be noted that the process of formation of socio-political institutions is not complete and continues to this day, with changes and reforms adapted to new conditions and challenges of the time.

Analyzing the impact of tax-based vs. rent-based funding on the effectiveness of environmental protection policies

The necessity of government intervention, particularly through public spending, to address market failure in providing public goods like environmental quality is widely recognized. However, the effectiveness of fiscal environmental policies in improving the environment remains unclear. This paper aims to explore the impact of funding sources for government expenditures on environmental quality. Using a Ramsey growth model, we investigate the consequences of two alternative funding sources for environmental protection: Taxes and natural resources rents. The model highlights that along the balanced growth path, financing environmental spending through taxes enhances environmental quality, while funding from natural resources rents leads to its deterioration. Furthermore, the model emphasizes the crucial role of socio-political institutions governing the economy in understanding the link between environmental protection expenditures and environmental outcomes. To test the model's propositions, we utilize a panel dataset of 76 countries spanning from 1995 to 2018. Our empirical findings corroborate the notion that the funding sources of environmental protection expenditures significantly impact environmental outcomes. Additionally, the results indicate that higher institutional quality, such as greater state capacity, enhances the effectiveness of the government's environmental spending in improving environmental quality. Our findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers seeking to design effective strategies for environmental preservation and sustainable growth.

“We Called It ‘Cancer Park’”: Soil Contamination and Outdoor Leisure in Southeast Los Angeles

Environmental justice work has long sought to illuminate and challenge the inequitable impacts of pollution. In this case study, we evaluated the impact of soil lead contamination on outdoor leisure in Southeast Los Angeles, where more than 2000 residential properties near a lead-acid battery recycling facility indicated high soil lead levels. This study employed an embedded case study design to (1) evaluate the impact of soil lead contamination on residents’ outdoor leisure and (2) illuminate the socio-political institutions that wield power to shape daily life. Embedded survey results indicated that neither objective nor subjective soil lead measures were associated with outdoor leisure time of adults or children; however, additional forms of evidence illuminated how compounding environmental hazards, inadequate communication, and power inequities shaped outdoor leisure activities in Southeast Los Angeles. These findings sought to critically illustrate that health promoting outdoor leisure spaces are a privilege afforded to some, but not all.

Organizational features of the reform of local self-government in 1870 in the county towns of the Central Chernozem region (on the example of the Tambov province)

Importance. Cities in Russian history have always been distinguished by their special social, political, economic and cultural status, which was also manifested in internal organizational aspects. For almost two and a half centuries, there has been a domestic city government, which has gone through many modernization stages and has become an important socio-political institution in the field. In this regard, the issues of continuity and traditions in its development remain important. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the organizational features of the urban reform of 1870 in the counties of the Central Chernozem region.Materials and Methods. The source basis of the study is the materials of the State Archive of Tambov region and published publications of the Tambov Provincial Statistical Committee. Various legal acts are used to describe the mechanisms of regulatory regulation of urban selfgovernment. The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of objectivity, historicism and consistency.Results and Discussion. The process of implementing the reform of urban self-government in 1870 in the provinces of the Central Chernozem region lasted for several years and was mostly completed only in 1873. This situation was explained by a number of reasons: firstly, the law did not contain norms aimed at the transition from the old system of urban governance to the new one, secondly, the legislator did not set a strict time frame related to the implementation of the reform, thirdly, urban societies themselves slowed down the process of reorganizing local government, making numerous mistakes in procedural There are internal disagreements among the electors.Conclusion. The formation of a new system of self-government in the county towns of the Central Chernozem region had a number of common legalized and arbitrary features. The “delayed” procedure for the enactment of the law made it possible to organize elections in provincial centers and form the practice of work of supervisory authorities. In some cities, the implementation of the reform was slowed down due to the incompetence of representatives of urban societies involved in the modernization of local governments. Finally, the censorship policy of the state and the unsettled mechanism for nominating candidates served as the basis for serious competition and numerous complaints that delayed the process.

Disciplinary society as a prerequisite for the formation of organizational culture

Aim. To identify the correlation of the narratives “organizational culture” and “organizational behavior” with the metanarratives “economism” and “disciplinary society” as belonging to a single civilizational space.Objectives. To trace the historical conditionality of the emergence of the concepts of “organizational culture” and “organizational behavior” as concepts and norms of disciplinary society; on the basis of these concepts to convey the desire to develop optimal technologies of social engineering to rationalize work.Methods. The author applied general scientific methods of textual and comparative analysis, synthesis, as well as basic principles of historical and philosophical method of research.Results. The unity of value and semantic assumptions between the concepts of “organizational behavior” and “disciplinary society” is shown. The most important tools of influence and control of disciplinary society, in particular panopticism, are also used to form organizational culture. Individual self-control — “technique-self” — is generated by people due to their realization of total control over themselves. A person controls himself if he wants to be a unit of society or labor collective. This is the basis for such forms of social engineering as “organizational culture” and “organizational behavior”.Conclusions. The idea of a disciplinary society is that the outcome of human socialization would be the controllability of man over the socio-political institutions of domination. Man's controllability of power becomes a condition of his usefulness, including economic. However, the task of organizational culture is to find ways in which a person, being disciplined within the framework acceptable to society, retains the desire for creativity, which is necessary for society and its institutions as a condition for development.

Going Local: An Agency-Based Approach to Collapse, Resistance, and Resilience in Hittite Anatolia

Abstract Crisis and collapse have long been prominent themes in Hittite studies (much more so than the related topics of resistance and resilience) and most of the extant body of scholarship on these themes have concentrated on the disintegration of the Hittite Empire around 1200 BCE. Though the events, conditions and processes that culminated in the disintegration of the Hittite Empire elude historical reconstruction, recent studies have unanimously rejected monocausal explanations of collapse in favor of the view that it was brought about by a combination of factors – internal, external, acute or chronic. In Hittite scholarship, the study of collapse and its aftermath have typically operated within a markedly state-centered and progressivist framework, focusing primarily on figuring out “what went wrong.” Meanwhile, especially in text-based studies, the agency and resilience of local, small(er)-scale, peripheral, and non-state individuals and communities, as well as their role in the construction, maintenance, and collapse of the Hittite empire, remain largely overlooked. The aim of the present paper is to shift the focus and scale of analysis away from the state, and to draw out from the textual record, the long-term agency, resistance, and resilience of local, small-scale, and often non-state individuals, communities, or socio-political institutions, which have typically been left out of text-based modern narratives. This paper will reassess the prominent view of the Hittite king (and state) as the absolute political, military, judicial, and religious authority, and argue that certain local and non-state communities and socio-political institutions exercised diverse kinds of agency, were remarkably resilient in the long term, and survived the final collapse of the Hittite state. In order to situate the inquiry in its broader scholarly and intellectual context, it will begin with an overview of where things stand in the study of the Hittite collapse. The next step will be to identify individual or collective local actors in the textual record. It will lastly focus on the interactions of diverse local agents with the Hittite state.

Automatic Content Analysis Systems: Detecting Disinformation in Social Networks

In the 21st century, the rapid rise of disinformation and propaganda has become a significant global issue, undermining democratic processes and socio-political institutions. Disinformation, defined as intentionally false or misleading information, aims to manipulate public opinion and cause economic harm. This paper explores the use of computational linguistics and machine learning methods to detect disinformation. Techniques such as text preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification algorithms (e.g., SVM, naive Bayes) are adapted for identifying fake news. Recent studies demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in social media and news platforms, highlighting the importance of advanced models like GPT-4 in improving detection accuracy and combating the spread of disinformation.

THE ENTROPIC EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGE: TOWARDS A BIFURCATION

The entropic effect of globalisation and the challenge of sustainability provide an opportunity for a critical exploration of the interplay between life, order and social change. Drawing on the principles of self-organisation observed in living beings, we delve into the continuous exchange of energy and resources, the general connectedness of all that is alive. Organisms, through their interaction with the environment, renew themselves by dissipating entropy, a process essential to maintaining internal order. Life (physical, biological, psychic or social) is a (dynamic) balance between entropic and neghentropic forces and tends towards greater complexity and organisation. Conversely, when entropy grows and prevails, life moves towards disorganisation, fragmentation, de-differentiation, chaos and death. Human beings are able to extend their reach through technology and socio-political institutions. These exosomatic extensions redefine their relationship with the environment, expanding the possibilities of life. Industrialisation has further catalysed this process, liberating individual desire and increasing productive capacity. As a result, billions of people have witnessed unprecedented improvements in their life possibilities. But all this has greatly increased entropy. To improve neghentropy beyond the individualisation/totalisation model favoured by digitisation, towards true sustainability, a paradigm shift from individualism to interdependence (based on scientific, rather than ethical, evidence) is required. In sum, our exploration reveals how the inherent interconnectedness of life can be a starting point for addressing the unexpected consequences of globalisation, challenging entropy and promoting resilience in the face of new global challenges.

Beyond Personal Beliefs: The Impact of the Dominant Social Paradigm on Energy Transition Choices

Energy transition towards a local resilient energy supply is necessary for energy security. Climate change and the threat of economic collapse are reasons to force society to become less dependent on fossil fuel. Small-scale solutions are expected to be more sustainable, as large-scale integrated networks are featured by complexity and difficult-to-notice vulnerabilities, creating system risks. This paper presents the results of empirical research among a sample of Polish business students (N = 205) on the importance of worldviews for the choice of the energy transition scenario (local solutions vs. large-scale solutions). Worldviews are represented here by the Dominant Social Paradigm (defined for the purpose of this study as the belief that liberal democracy, free markets, and technological development are to solve all type of problems). This study addresses two research questions: (1) Is there a difference in preference for the energy transition scenarios? (2) Does adherence to the Dominant Social Paradigm determine the choice of the scenario for energy transition? The results present a preference for non-cooperative solutions (individual household solutions and large-scale solutions), while no significant relation to the worldviews represented by the Dominant Social Paradigm has been found. The results suggest that preferences for individual and large-scale solutions may be influenced more by institutional factors than by personal worldviews. A policy implication is that a change in the socio-political institutions and strengthening local governance may be a prerequisite for a sustainable energy transition.

История становления и развития института наблюдателей на выборах в России

Introduction. Elections are one of the most massive social and political processes in the state. Elections in the state, the mechanism of their organization and conduct are subject to the fundamental principles of electoral law, which are based on publicity and openness of all electoral actions and procedures. Ensuring the transparency of elections is an indicator of the mechanism of interaction between society and the state, as an indicator of democratic development. Accordingly, the task of state bodies is to form the regulatory and legal conditions for the participation of civil society actors in ensuring the openness of the procedure for organizing and conducting voting, as a component of the democratic process of exercising public power in the country. Observers, along with other tools, are built into the mechanism for exercising public control over elections in Russia. Theoretical analysis. The institution of observers in Russia has certain patterns of development, interdependent histories of formation of socio-political institutions and elections in general. As the circle of subjects of electoral legal relations is being transformed, including the nomination and registration of candidates for elective positions, as well as the process of forming election commissions, the circle of persons entitled to participate in the procedure for appointing observers and giving them legal status is also changing. At the same time, the functional role of observers is subordinate to the development of forms and methods of voting in the state and formation of the features of the country’s electoral system, taking into account its historical features. Empirical analysis. The modern development of the legal regulation of the status of observers in Russia is associated with the expansion of the circle of entities that have the right to appoint observers, as well as the list of election commissions in which the subjects in question have the right to exercise powers. This trend is associated with the development of the institution of public control in elections in Russia as a whole. Accordingly, the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Public Control in the Russian Federation” began to extend its effect to electoral legal relations, and, as a result, the subjects of public control have the right to appoint election observers. The range of election commissions in which observers have the right to exercise their functions has expanded to include district and territorial election commissions. At the same time, the terms of reference of observers have remained unchanged, which does not correspond to the trends in the development of their legal status. Results. Taking into account the development of civil society and its institutions in Russia and the increase in their functional role in conjunction with the transformation of the electoral system and information and digital technologies, it is necessary to detail the status of observers depending on their participation in the work of election commissions of various levels and forms of voting, including multi-day voting. The terms of reference of an observer cannot be identical, taking into account the nature and specifics of work in district, territorial and precinct election commissions. Voting within a few days creates prerequisites for empowering observers with additional powers, taking into account the need to ensure the safety of ballots and implement additional forms of voting.

Civil society movement in the protection of the peat ecosystem of Meranti Islands, Riau – Indonesia

In a country’s democratic system, the existence of Civil Society Organizations is indispensable. Civil Society Organizations are sociopolitical institutions that can be used by the community to channel their goals and demands to influence or even shape government policy. In this scenario, Civil Society Organizations can be viewed in two ways, namely sectoral groups and regional groups. Both Groups aim to persuade the government to address issues of public interest in a timely manner. In addition to persuasion, civil society organizations can also carry out advocacy and even file lawsuits against the Government and companies for ecosystem damage. Regarding the issue of peat ecosystem damage, this issue has become a serious issue for the Indonesian government in the last two decades. Damage to peat ecosystems due to illegal encroachment, exploitation for the benefit of plantation companies and brutal conversions have damaged peat ecosystems in Indonesia. Cases of forest and land fires in the last two decades show that management of peat ecosystems is not carried out wisely, the majority of peatland fires occur within company concession areas and very few are due to community activities. Cases of forest and land fires are the most troubling phenomena, especially in Riau this issue even stretches to become a national and transnational issue when the impact of forest and land fires disrupts the activities of citizens of other countries (Singapore and Malaysia). This study analyzes the Meranti Islands civil society movement in protecting the peat ecosystem in the Meranti Islands, in particular, the case of damage to the Meranti Islands peat ecosystem is no longer a secret and needs serious attention from all parties. Various literature suggests that the civil society movement has become a steep road when dealing with authoritarian governments, but after Suharto, this movement has actually become a political force to influence and shape government policy. Likewise with the Meranti Islands civil society movement in efforts to protect the peat ecosystem.

THE MODERN CONCEPT OF ADULT EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

The intensity of transformation processes and the significant pace of globalization in social relations development are increasingly creating new challenges for the educational system. As a result, they define the role of education as a crucial area that shapes the effectiveness of social and economic progress. Today, special attention is paid to adult education. It can be described by personalization of direction in development, close interconnection with other socio-political institutions, and the ability to increase Ukraine's competitiveness in all spheres (science, politics, economy, social sphere, etc.). The article aims to identify the peculiarities and key trends of adult education in Ukraine. Research goals also include identifying key factors of adult education in contemporary society, the fundamental principles of the development of this sphere, and the problems of adult education development as a structural element of the modern education system. During the research, descriptive, comparative, and analytical-bibliographic methods were applied to study the scientific literature on adult education issues. Systemic-structural, comparative, logical-linguistic methods, abstraction, and idealization were used to analyze and process data in the research area.

Uzbekistan: A New Dimension of Judicial Reforms

In conditions of reforming of the judiciary and construction of a lawful state the contents of concept ‘judiciary’ was considerably enriched and became wider. In clause has found the reflection modern understanding of the judiciary system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the point of view on the basis of legislation and judicial reforms implemented in Uzbekistan. In this regard, new requirements for the judicial system are of exceptional importance. As an important socio-political institution of society, the authors analyzed in the article how it should play a significant role in the formation of civil society, be able to exercise its powers in the interests of protecting human and civil rights and freedoms, the constitutional system, the common economic and legal space of Uzbekistan. The article reflects the modern understanding of the judicial system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, argues the point of view on the basis of legislation and judicial reforms implemented in the country.

The New Anglo-Saxons: Race, Space, and the Production of a Geopolitical Discourse

The question of how individuals produce and reproduce geopolitical ideologies is central to critical geopolitics, but there is little consensus on how this process works or what methods can meaningfully interrogate it. This article brings together methods from critical geopolitics, history, and sociolinguistics to assess the development, dissemination, and trajectory of Anglo-Saxonism, a late-nineteenth century movement which sought to unite the white English-speaking peoples of the world based on the racial heritage and democratic socio-political institutions they allegedly shared. We investigate the archival material of two prominent historians central to this movement—E.A. Freeman and H.B. Adams—to examine their own statements about their work, introducing the concept of “geopolitical metanarratives” to link between intention and discourse. We find that as Freeman and Adams intentionally worked to advance the movement, they relied on a spatial imagination that emphasized the historical continuity of socio-political institutions as the key racialized geopolitical metanarrative that served to underpin their efforts.

The Interaction of Society and Authorities in Urban Development: The Case of Big Cities of Northwestern Federal District

The balanced urban development, the formation of a comfortable urban environment, including the citizens’ active participation in these processes is a priority in the strategic objectives and national projects of the Russian Federation. To reveal the essence of the interactions between society and government the author uses the concept of “civic participation” as a process by which public associations or individuals are involved in interactions with the state (vertical interaction), with other socio-political institutions among themselves (horizontal interaction) to solve socially significant problems. Based on quantitative (questionnaire survey of the urban population, N = 2000) and qualitative (expert interviews, N = 47) methods tested in 5 large cities of the Northwestern Federal District, the author reveals the features of offline and online practices of interaction between the public and authorities, as well as the conditions for their formation in urban development issues. The author concludes that such practices as contacting the authorities and participating in initiative budgeting are more widespread in the cities than, for example, protest participation on the city’s issues. Despite the preference for offline practices for constructive interactions between society and authorities, the active use of information resources and online services is becoming timely. The institutional environment of civic participation is provided with formal regulators, but urban residents are far from being fully informed about them and are not aware of the legal opportunities and limitations that determine their participation in urban development. Informal norms as part of the institutional environment, on the one hand, contribute to the formation of sustainable interactions and organizational infrastructure of socially useful activity; on the other hand, they can be based on the illegal practice of manipulating statuses and resources, which causes the growth of public distrust of state and municipal authorities. The article substantiates the importance of forming a unified information field at the city level on the topical issues of concern to residents, on possible formats of civic participation in the development of a comfortable urban environment. The findings contribute to the understanding of the problems and opportunities for the use of civic participation in urban development.

Влияние сетевых инструментов коммуникации на отношение избирателей к выборам как социально-политическому институту

The article examines the influence of network communication tools on the attitude of voters towards elections as a socio-political institution, the transition of civic activity to network structures, increasing the appropriate participation in this process of various socio-political institutions and government structures, the attitude of citizens towards electronic voting, methods and methods of dissemination information about elections through network communications and the impact of this process on the civic activity of the population.

Transformation of the concept of "power" as a basic cultural value in the media discourse of modern times in metagraphic representation

The relevance is due to the fact that new geopolitical realities cause the transformation of basic concepts, which include the concept of "power", which has an internal conflict of content, where there is power as self-possession and power as the management of others. At the same time, the concept of "power" itself is built in various linguistic and philosophical coordinate systems. The research is based on an ethnic-psycholinguistic scientific paradigm, within which the concept of "power" is analyzed from the point of view of structure and semantics as a separate element of linguistic consciousness, actively represented in the speech activity of representatives of various linguistic cultures (Kazakh, Russian, Anglo-American, Chinese). The appeal to this concept is predetermined by the acuteness of the experience of the problem of power itself as a constantly evolving socio-political institution. The aim of the study is to model the concept of "power" in the modern linguistic consciousness of modern times with the establishment of its structural and content specificity. The complexity of the claimed topic is predetermined by the initial ambiguity of power as a social phenomenon, which includes a binary of oppositions: "I" individual and "We" collective, the ability to control oneself and the ability to control others, legitimate power and illegitimate power, ethical power due to respect and authority and the power of oppression and pressure due to fear. The metagraph of the complex socio-political basic value "power" perfectly illustrates the representation of this complex concept, demonstrating qualitative transformations in the structure of the meaning of this concept at different levels of lexico-semantic, neurasthenic and symbolic-semiological hierarchy.

ПОЛИЭТНИКАЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ ПОЛИКОНФЕССИОНАЛДЫ ҚОҒАМ ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУДЫҢ ҚАЗАҚСТАНДЫҚ ҮЛГІСІ: СИПАТТАМАЛЫҚ ТАЛДАУ

Abstract. Interethnic relations in the multinational Kazakh country have become a decisive factor in sustainable and democratic development, an objective prerequisite for national security and the basic basis of the state's foreign policy activities. Our country is the most steadily developing State in the region. Kazakhstan is a reliable and authoritative partner state for countries with friendly intentions. The main values of the State are ensuring freedom and equal rights of people regardless of their ethnic origin and religious beliefs. The creation of the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan indicates that the national policy has actually reached the institutional level. The Assembly of People of Kazakhstan as a social institution forms effective mechanisms for the harmonization of interethnic relations and lays a new qualitatively new foundation. The essence of this innovation was to establish mutual partnerships between State policy and public associations in strengthening interethnic and interreligious harmony. This is a unique phenomenon in the history of modern civilization. Thus, the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan is a synthesis of state policy and public organizations in strengthening social harmony and tolerance of civil society. The main milestones of the 20-year period of the formation and development of the APK as a socio-political institution regulating the sphere of interethnic relations, the study of the main value of national unity – tolerance of the people of Kazakhstan - is a very topical issue and determines the relevance of the work. There remain studies, conclusions and scientific opinions of foreign and domestic historians, political scientists devoted to ethnopolitical processes. The article examines historical, political events and interethnic relations from the point of view of objective reality and differentiates in accordance with the requirements of country interests. The research work uses the principles of system-structural theory, accurate analysis, methods of generalization, comparison, systematization, logical, statistical analysis from historical data and documents. In addition, the article examines historical, political events and interethnic relations from the point of view of objective reality and differentiates in accordance with the requirements of country interests. Based on the analysis of the experience of the twenty-year history of the development of the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, the Institute of Social Harmony and National Policy was studied as a socio-political institute for the coordination of interethnic relations, the main core of which is the ethnopolitics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Keywords: ethnos; multinational; demographic situation; ethnic structure; interethnic; interreligious denomination; migration; social harmony.

Peculiarities of the activities of Russian political parties in the context of the special military operation in 2022

This article analyzes the positioning of political parties in the current political realities. The special military operation in Ukraine is considered as a significant internal political and geopolitical event, which to one degree or another affected almost all socio-political institutions of Russia, including political parties. In this article the parties are classified into new ones, that are those which created after 2015 and participating in federal election campaigns, and those parties that managed to take a firm place in the political system and form fractions in the Parliament. The purpose of this study is to determine whether new political parties in 2022 were able to take advantage of the current period of instability to strengthen their position in the political space and to which extent. Analyzing the legislative, media and public activities of such parties as “United Russia”, the Communist party, the Liberal-Democratic party, “Just Russia – for the Truth”, “New People”, “Green Alternative” and the “Party of Growth” in 2022 it was concluded that among the new political parties only "New People" are relatively active in the framework of the agenda of a special military operation. Other new political parties, except for minor actions, projects and other activities, almost do not use special operations in their activities to promote their party brand and attract new supporters. At the same time, almost all the parties under consideration integrated the agenda of the special military operation into their activities, but this had a very small impact on the electoral sympathies of the population.

An Inquiry into Households’ Confidence Levels in Various Institutions in India: A Temporal Assessment from the IHDS

This study attempts to assess the variations in households’ confidence levels in various sociopolitical institutions with varying socioeconomic and cultural characteristics across major Indian states based on two rounds of the India Human Development Survey ( IHDS-I, 2004–2005 ; IHDS-II, 2011–2012 ). It traces the presence of a lower confidence level of households in governance institutions compared with other institutions, implying a deficit of households’ confidence in this component against the overall confidence score, which marginally improves over time. The states of Jammu and Kashmir and Mizoram have a lower level of confidence score in governance and justice compared to other states. On analysing the socioeconomic determinants of households’ confidence in two rounds of the IHDS separately, this study observes that regional and economic factors are more significant in shaping the confidence levels of households than any other socioeconomic attributes.