Although all reunifications in Chinese history can be conceptualized as adhering on the surface to similar patterns, in fact each was the consequence of a complex assortment of contingent circumstances. Moreover, the particularities of the founding years of a dynasty had a wide-ranging impact on subsequent historical development. This article compares the circumstances and process of the founding of the Sui to the circumstances and process of the founding of the Song in order to show how differences between them might explain the very different political cultures of the Sui-Tang period as compared to the Song period. Thus, the pre-dynastic size of the north Chinese elite and patterns of inter-state interactions had repercussions on the subsequent geographic distribution of political power. In addition, distinct strategies of political legitimation at the inception of each of the two dynasties help account for strikingly different attitudes concerning the relationship between the past and the present, as well as the desirability of transformative and fundamental sociopolitical change.
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