Sociological Perspective Research Articles

Student Problems in Learning and Alternative Solutions for Students at SDN 101888

This writing aims to determine the various forms of student problems and alternative solutions that can be given to the problems experienced by students in the learning process in class V SDN 101888 Sei Merah. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research type to present a complete picture of the problems in a system of thought or current event class using a pedagogical and sociological approach. The study was conducted at SDN 101888 Sei Merah with the research subjects being 34 class V students. The data collection method used in the study is based on data obtained from interviews and processing and describing meaningful and easily understood data, namely by conducting observations by observing class 5 students. The results of the study indicate that the form of student problems in learning experienced by class V students of SDN 101888 Sei Merah is difficulty in student development and individual differences in students as well as alternative solutions for educators according to researchers. There are two factors that cause learning difficulties, namely internal factors and external factors. Educational problems found by researchers based on observations of elementary schools in grade 5 include student development, individual differences between students, learning processes, memory, knowledge, learning theories, learning motivation, and measurement and evaluation in learning.

Rights in China: Myths, Abuses, and Politics

This article presents a sociological perspective on understanding rights in China, examining the interplay between multiple myths of rights, rights abuses, and the politics of rights within various social and physical spaces. It highlights competing myths of rights held by the state, ordinary citizens, rights activists, and legal professionals. The article examines how rights abuses contribute to rights consciousness and mobilization across different human rights domains in a repressive political context. By analyzing the politics of rights in interconnected spaces, such as the street, the legal system, the global arena, and cyberspace, it emphasizes the importance of continuous engagement between domestic and overseas actors in shaping China's human rights future. The article encourages social science researchers to thoroughly examine the myths, abuses, and politics of rights before making normative judgments about China's human rights conditions.

ENDOGAMOUS MARRIAGE AMONG SANTERI PERSPECTIVES OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF ISLAMIC LAW

Abstract: Endogamous marriage among students at Pesantren al-Ashriyyah Nurul Iman Parung Bogor has become the focus of attention in this study. This study aims to understand the purpose and implications of the practice of endogamous marriage in the context of the pesantren, by exploring the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law. This field research examines the application of laws in social life. It uses a sociological approach of Islamic law to reveal facts about endogamous marriage among santri at pesantren al Ashriyyah Nurul Iman, Parung Bogor, Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with students, kyai, and pesantren staff, as well as related literature studies. The results showed that the practice of endogamous marriage in pesantren aims to preserve, maintain, and strengthen harmonious relationships among fellow students, while strengthening the values taught in pesantren. This is also seen as an effort to maintain the identity of the pesantren and ensure the continuity of the generation of santri who continue to inherit the values of the pesantren. From the perspective of Islamic law, endogamous marriages are considered in accordance with the principle of kafā'ah, which emphasizes conformity or equality between spouses in various aspects of life. Thus, this practice is not only part of the pesantren culture, but also an effort to maintain the integrity and sustainability of the student community. This research provides a deeper understanding of the importance of endogamous marriage practices in the context of pesantren, as well as its impact in maintaining pesantren values and strengthening the identity of the santri community. Keywords: Marriage Endogami, Santri, Kafā'ah, Sociology of Islamic Law

The hundreds: my pace of walking provokes my thinking

ABSTRACT This arts-based research showcases how the art of writing poetry can be a tool for minorities to navigate everyday precariousness, invisible marginalization, and status silencing. Situated within the practice of poetry therapy, I use a walking poem, as a unique form of performance autoethnography, to produce my inner speech as situated knowledge across various places. In my thinking of subjectivity and lived experience, this walking poem captures the tangible frustration of human existence across various times. Writing and rewriting a hundred lines of thought gives me aesthetic pleasure, enabling me to express the affective, ethical, and performative dimensions of being, doing, feeling, and knowing as an outsider within this academic space. In the process of poetry-making, I engage the sociological imagination, turning private thought into public issues. This is how the poetic is theoretical and philosophical, born out of a necessity, to articulate the everyday practice of being and living on the margins.

Democratising futures, reinvigorating democracy? Participatory futures as a tool for citizen voice and influence in local decision-making

Purpose In recent years, democracies across Europe have been challenged in ways this paper has not witnessed on such a scale for generations. It is therefore unsurprising that innovations within democracy are emerging, particularly in terms of participatory and deliberative practices. Focusing specifically on local democracy and decision-making, this paper aims to examine ways of democratising future studies as a means of enhancing citizen participation in democracy. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws upon the growing body of work under the umbrella term of “participatory futures” as a way of contextualising and critiquing the “real-world” application and empirical testing of methods within this field by local municipalities. Findings It identifies the importance of supporting the development of futures literacy in citizens, public administration officials and political and strategic leaders. The paper demonstrates how broadening the application of existing foresight techniques through their confluence with participatory action research (PAR) principles can create spaces that reignite people’s social imagination. This in turn enables citizens and those working in local municipalities to engage in dialogue about the future. Originality/value The paper examines the results of a PAR study, in which innovative participatory future methods were tested as tools for enhancing citizen involvement in local decision-making. Through this, it outlines how foresight practices can be democratised, supporting local democracy to thrive, and identifies future research and practice directions within the field.

Monitoring care, curating suffering: Law, bureaucracy and veterinary expertise in contemporary animal politics

This article critically explores responses to the suffering of animals caused by industrialised agriculture aiming to reflect on broader aspects of the current state of animal politics in the 21st century. Focusing on the regulatory schemes introduced to control the welfare of animals in Denmark, the article foregrounds sites of law enforcement and industry regulation, in which animal suffering is ‘carefully’ curated. The analysed material comprises inspection reports and interviews with veterinary officers and technicians charged with monitoring the level of care in Danish agribusinesses. The article builds upon Kelly Oliver’s theory of witnessing to develop a sociological perspective on the function of expert testimony within regulatory and administrative domains – what is defined as acts of juridical eyewitnessing. Through this framework, it becomes evident that law and bureaucratic procedures wield considerable influence in transforming a social and legal expectation to reduce animal suffering into specific ethical-scientific and bureaucratic standards. Furthermore, in adopting a de-human-centred sociological lens, the article presents an alternative interpretation of the evolution of anti-suffering sentiment – understood as negative emotional responses to animal suffering – one in which the state plays a prominent role in shaping particular attitudes towards other animals based on ‘seeing’ and ‘knowing’ suffering.

Regulating Abortion Later in Pregnancy: Fetal-Centric Laws and the Erasure of Women's Subjectivity.

In the United States, fetal development markers, including "viability" and the point when a fetus can "feel pain", have permeated the social imaginary of abortion, affecting public support and the legality and availability of care, but the extent to which they describe and orient the experience of abortion at later gestations is unclear. Using interviews with 30 cisgender women in the U.S. who obtained an abortion after 24 weeks of pregnancy, we investigate whether and how notions of fetal viability and/or pain operated in their lived experiences of pregnancy and abortion. By respondents' accounts, fetal development-based laws restricting abortion based in purported points of fetal development operated as gestational limits, privileged the viability and pain status of the fetus over that of the prospective neonate, and failed to account for the viability and pain of the pregnant person. The discursive practice of centering fetal development in regulating abortion access makes denial of abortion care because of the status of the fetus conceptually available-even at the point of fertilization-and naturalizes the erasure of the subjectivity of women and others who can become pregnant.

Analysis of Conflict-Oriented Circumstances in the Social History of the Vedic Period: A Sociological Perspective

Purpose: The decline of the old and the emergence of the new; life and society involve a continuous series of conflicts within every social structure. Conflict has been a part of human civilization since ancient times, serving as a process for managing resources in socio-cultural structures. This article explores the different forms of conflict in Vedic social history, offering insights into an ancient civilization. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is based on a qualitative approach, using primarily secondary data. Information was gathered from Vedic texts, interactions with historians, historical documents of an ancient civilization, and research journal articles using historical content analysis. The content analysis method was used to analyze the collected data. Findings/Results: The pattern of production was based on animal husbandry and the agricultural system in the Vedic period. Land and livestock were the major resources of the production system. The practices of conflicts were increasing in a way in the process of captured and extension of the land and livestock as the resources of the production system. In these surroundings of socio-economic circumstances, so many forms of conflicts are found in the Vedic period such as the conflict between the Aryans and the Dravidians, the Hind Aryan and the Vedic Aryan, the different Varna’s of Vedic Aryan, between different race and class of Vedic Aryans, the animal owners and the traders/merchants (pani), different states and kings, and in different cultures. Similarly, due to the leadership of holding resources, family, and the Gotra system are found to be debatable and antagonistic in the form of the conflicts. Originality/Value: It has been found that the conflicts are of various kinds found in the society of the Vedic period. Such conflicts have been found the conflicts between son and father, conflicts between the parents and the children, between Aryans and Dravidians, between Hind Aryan and Vedic Aryan, husband and wife, women and women, Pastoralist and trader, between wives in Polygamous, conflicts in war, cultural conflict and the so on. These different kinds of the conflicts have been found and dealt in the Vedic society. In fact, the conflicts of the society have been found as the central causes of disharmonious, chaos, restlessness, and the trouble and it has been found stressful life in the society of Vedic era and conflicts have been found to be the reasons of the suffering as well as hardship of not only individual life but of the entire social structure even in the Vedic era.

Sociological Study of Deurbanization Through Sustainable Village Development in Indonesia

This study aimed to analyze deurbanization through sustainable village development from a sociological perspective. The study was conducted in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This area was selected because sustainable village development can change the number of "underdeveloped" and "very underdeveloped" villages into "developed" and "independent". A qualitative method was adopted to explore sustainable village development by referring to the village development index (IDM), namely social, economic, and environmental resilience. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants selected using purposive sampling. The data include elements of village government, community institutions, and society, such as community leaders, educators, religion, youth, traders, farmers, as well as representatives of women and poor groups. Observations were carried out at the study location while collecting documents related to regulations and reports on sustainable village development. The Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Software Program was used to analyze the data collected as well as write study reports. The results show that sustainable village development has led to the development of social, economic, and environmental resilience, which has an impact on deurbanization. Ruralization also occurred, where people living in the city moved to villages for economic, social, and cultural reasons, especially those who have kinship relations. In conclusion, private sector contributions can improve rural areas, because professional workers from cities move to villages to work in private companies, thereby supporting rural economic growth.

‘It’s sharing a point in time’: the temporal dimensions of shared reading in families

Applying sociological conceptualisations of temporality in the context of families, this article explores shared reading between parents and young children. The research draws on interviews with a sample of 29 parents/carers with pre-school children (predominantly mothers) from diverse backgrounds. Reading with young children provides an illustration of multiple, varied and enmeshed familial temporalities. It fulfils a purpose for families, cementing and maintaining relationships over time. Data show that reading in families is framed by measurable time, for example, as a finite resource or as shaped by routines. In theorizing reading as temporal, simultaneously as a commodity and as relational, illuminate a specific family practice. The relational framework deployed demonstrates that these familial temporalities are enmeshed and fluid. Findings point towards the value of applying sociological perspectives on family practices in educational research. Conclusions offer insights which have the potential to consolidate understandings and support for home literacy practices.

Cultural dynamics and tuberculosis management challenges in Indonesia: a sociological and public health education perspective.

Cultural dynamics and tuberculosis management challenges in Indonesia: a sociological and public health education perspective.

Navigating artificial intelligence in care homes: Competing stakeholder views of trust and logics of care

The COVID-19 pandemic shed light on systemic issues plaguing care (nursing) homes, from staff shortages to substandard healthcare. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, including robots and chatbots, have been proposed as solutions to such issues. Yet, socio-ethical concerns about the implications of AI for health and care practices have also been growing among researchers and practitioners. At a time of AI promise and concern, it is critical to understand how those who develop and implement these technologies perceive their use and impact in care homes. Combining a sociological approach to trust with Annemarie Mol's logic of care and Jeanette Pol's concept of fitting, we draw on 18 semi-structured interviews with care staff, advocates, and AI developers to explore notions of human-AI care. Our findings show positive perceptions and experiences of AI in care homes, but also ambivalence. While integrative care incorporating humans and technology was salient across interviewees, we also identified experiential, contextual, and knowledge divides between AI developers and care staff. For example, developers lacked experiential knowledge of care homes' daily functioning and constraints, influencing how they designed AI. Care staff demonstrated limited experiential knowledge of AI or more critical views about contexts of use, affecting their trust in these technologies. Different understandings of ‘good care’ were evident, too: ‘warm’ care was sometimes linked to human care and ‘cold’ care to technology. In conclusion, understandings and experiences of AI are marked by different logics of sociotechnical care and related levels of trust in these sensitive settings.

EFFORTS TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 ACCORDING TO THE DOCTRINE OF MUHAMMADIYAH IN INDONESIA: HADITH STUDIES

COVID-19 has emerged as the global challenge confronting the community. The Indonesian government and Muhammadiyah have been engaged in efforts to mitigate the ongoing transmission of COVID-19. Diverse strategies have been employed to combat this disease and prevent its spread and fatalities. This study aims to examine and explain Muhammadiyah’s preventive efforts in Indonesia to combat COVID-19, drawing upon an interpretation of hadiths from the Prophet. A qualitative method was employed to address this issue with a historical, sociological approach to investigate the social conditions during the time of the Prophet and their prevention in relation to contemporary times performed by Muhammadiyah. The study revealed that Muhammadiyah has addressed community and humanitarian issues by implementing efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. One such effort was restricting worship activities in mosques and encouraging people to perform them at home until the situation returned to normal. However, in areas deemed safe from COVID-19, worship could still be conducted in mosques while adhering to health protocols such as maintaining social distance, wearing masks, and practicing proper hand hygiene. Furthermore, learning in large group settings has been limited, leading to a shift toward remote online learning from home. Engaging in outdoor muamalah activities, such as working, meetings, religious studies, shopping, and other activities that attract and result in big gatherings, has also been restricted. These efforts aim to disrupt the transmission of COVID-19 as a manifestation of societal care, guided by the teachings of the Prophet as recorded in the hadiths.

Toward a Sociological Perspective on the Gender and Sexuality of Friendship

ABSTRACTThis article reviews friendship research to offer a conceptual framework that helps us better understand the co‐constructive nature of gender, sexuality, and friendship in the United States. Scholarship across psychology and sociology considers friendship experiences, friendship processes, friendship patterns, friendship schemas, and the social implications of friendship. Psychological research identifies that friendship experiences and friendships processes differ by gender and explores the social implications for individuals. While sociology has dedicated less attention to friendship, this perspective offers insights on the social construction and structural basis of friendship. Sociological perspectives reveal how friendship schemas—based in amatonormativity, heteronormativity, and gender essentialism—shape friendship experiences, friendship processes, and friendship patterns in gendered ways. In addition, sociological research examines the social implications of friendship at both individual and institutional levels, documenting friendship's roles in systems of inequality. Thus, I argue that a sociological perspective is necessary to fully grasp how societies in general and cultural understandings of gender and sexuality in particular, shape and are shaped by friendships.

Community Resilience and Adaptation Strategies in Rural Bayelsa State: A Sociological Perspective

Community Resilience and Adaptation Strategies in Rural Bayelsa State: A Sociological Perspective

Physicians and Iatrogenism from the Philosophy of Medicine to the Sociology of Health

In pre-modern times, health services provided by traditional healers such as clergymen, healers, and herbalists were conducted by professionalss specialized in modern medicine such as physicians and auxiliary health personnel. Although modern Western medicine has developed in many areas, it has been criticized severely. The most important of these criticisms is the unquestionable structure of modern medicine and the methods and techniques used by physicians in the treatment processes in connection with this structure. These criticisms are termed with the concept of iatrogenesis, and criticisms against both modern medicine and physicians are becoming sharper. In this study, the forms of iatrogenesis produced by modern medicine in general and by physicians in particular will be discussed from the perspective of medical philosophy and health sociology. In addition, the relationship between physicians and iatrogenism will be evaluated in the context of recently discussed issues such as patient-physician relations, commercialization of health services, construction of the patient as a customer, pharmaceutical industry and guided scientific studies, excessive use of drugs and medical devices, medicalization of life, gaining popularity of traditional treatment methods.

OPERASI PEMULIHAN SELAPUT DARA BAGI CALON ISTRI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

This paper aims to determine the view of Islamic law on female hymen surgery. The research methodology used is literature research that relies on a critical and in-depth study of research materials and research results related to the topic. research materials and research results related to the topic of the study, using a juridical and sociological approach. The research methodology used is literature research that relies on a critical and in-depth study of research materials and research results related to the topic of study, using juridical and sociological approaches. The results The results obtained are that contemporary scholars give different opinions. different opinions. There are those who absolutely forbid it for any reason and there are those who allow it with certain conditions. some allow it with certain conditions. The difference of opinion of the scholars scholars on the issue of hymen surgery can be summarized as follows: a) If the hymen is only torn because of sexual intercourse in marriage or adultery that is known to many people, the scholar sexual intercourse in marriage or adultery that is known to many people, the scholars are unanimous in their opinion that it is forbidden. b) If the the hymen is torn because of adultery that is not known to others, rape or other than sexual intercourse, this is where the scholars differ, some allow it on condition that the operation must be performed by a female doctor.

Evaluating Factors of Language Proficiency and Cultural Shock and Adjustment through Analyzing Contents of “English Vinglish” Movies: A TESOL and Sociological Perspective

Evaluating Factors of Language Proficiency and Cultural Shock and Adjustment through Analyzing Contents of “English Vinglish” Movies: A TESOL and Sociological Perspective

CONJUNCTURES OF DEMOCRACY EROSION

The paper aims to examine and understand the recent developments in Brazilian democracy in a sociological perspective. It offers an analysis of the conjunctural preconditions for the recent rise of authoritarian populism, presenting ways in which Brazil can be viewed as paradigm of democratic erosion and/or resilience. The article describes the foundational premises that made the development of contemporary democracies possible, and it proceeds from this description to explain how features common to authoritarian populist movements in Brazil and elsewhere are detrimental to these premises. It is argued that democracies are likely to thrive when welfare provisions and access to human rights are open to increasing sectors of the population, generating an inclusionary citizenship effect. The political polarization regarding the Brazilian welfare system and the discourse against international human rights, culminated in the weakening of the Brazilian welfare net and setbacks in the recognition of human rights by courts. These processes preceded, and were aggravated by, the rise of authoritarian populism in Brazil, generating an exclusionary view of citizenship that tended to intensify social conflict, with increasing militarization at both governmental and social levels. Arguably, the absence of warfare or an imminent warfare threat in the most recent democratic transition in Brazil reduced the capacity of welfare and constitutional human rights provisions to limit the influence of the military on democracy. While the efforts to build up the welfare system and protect human rights are still ongoing, the militarization element remains latent, posing a constant threat to democratic consolidation in Brazil.

Application of Moderation Value on Legal Attitudes to Transact with Conventional Banks

This article aims to analyse the legal attitude of the community towards conventional bank interest and the application of this legal attitude in society. Islam forbids all forms of transaction applications of buying and selling or lending with usury systems. However, the mechanisms and systems of modern banking transactions are not yet known comprehensively in Islam and give rise to differences of opinion among Muslims. This difference of opinion is inseparable from their paradigm of thinking, namely textual and contextual ways of thinking. This case can be categorised as a matter of ijtihâdiyyah khilâfiyyah. This difference of opinion is very likely to occur because the rules of muamalah matters are actually allowed in sharia and become haram (forbidden) until there is evidence that prohibits it. Problems arise when the understanding that is believed to be related to sharia economic law, so that it feels that its understanding is the absolutely correct understanding, and then considers it a mistake if there are other people's opinions differ from it. The emergence of intolerant polemics like this can spark the fire of discord and cause distorted perceptions in the community related to religious harmony. Using a sociological approach, this article analyses the legal attitude towards conventional banks and its application in social life. The results of the study show that moderation is needed in viewing differences in legal attitudes related to bank interest so as to present a tolerant dogmatism of society and be able to avoid divisions due to intolerant attitudes.