Socioeconomic Status Development Research Articles

An Observational Study of the Physical and Biochemical Complications and Socioeconomic Status of Type 1 Diabetic Patients in West Bengal, India: A 25-year Follow-up Report of 224 Patients.

Limited information is available on the total profile of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients in India. The present study has been undertaken, therefore, in search of socioeconomic status, glycaemic status and the state of complications of the type 1 diabetics attending the diabetic clinic run by Calcutta Diabetes and Endocrine Foundation (CDEF), Kolkata. (1) To obtain the glycemic, socioeconomic, and complications status of type 1 diabetic patients; (2) to see any change of the abovementioned parameters in this follow-up period of 25 years; (3) to take necessary action to improve the quality of care and the health condition of the type 1 diabetics attending the clinic. A longitudinal observational study. A total of 265 patients were recruited for the study, having been diagnosed or seen within 1 year of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes at the Diabetic Clinic of CDEF. A total of 41 patients were excluded from the study for different reasons, and 224 patients were finally selected. These 224 patients were classified into five separate cohorts according to their first attendance in the diabetes clinic: 1996-2000 (I), 2001-2005 (II), 2006-2010 (III), 2011-2015 (IV), and 2016-2020 (V). Baseline and socioeconomic (based on education and occupational status) data was obtained at the first visit, and mean biochemical parameters were taken from multiple visits. Complications and mortality rates were calculated against the duration of the disease at the end of the study. Gradual improvement of glycemic status was noted when groups I and V were compared. Delayed development of complications and comparatively long life were also observed. Several methods of improvement of clinical disease management, including continuous diabetes education with proper training, can improve diabetes care, leading to delays in the development of diabetic complications and ensuring longer as well as healthier life in type 1 diabetes. The development of socioeconomic status might have played some role.

Trend in breast cancer mortality rate among women aged 20 years or older in Brazil, 2005-2019

The aim is to analyze the trend in breast cancer mortality rates and its correlation with the socioeconomic development status in Brazil. It involved an ecological time series study carried out in the 26 units of the federation, Federal District and regions of Brazil. Data sources included the Mortality Information System (number of deaths), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (resident population) and the study of the Global Burden of Disease (Socio-demographic Index - SDI). Data from 2005 to 2019 were used. The trend was analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression models. The relationship between the mortality rate and the SDI was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. During the study period, 207,683 deaths from breast cancer occurred. The average standardized mortality rate was 19.95 deaths per 100,000 women in Brazil. All the regions of Brazil showed an increasing trend in mortality. Of the total federative units, 22 showed an increasing trend. There was a positive relationship between the mortality rate and the SDI. The standardized mortality rate for breast cancer showed an increasing trend in Brazil, in all regions and in most states. There was a direct association between mortality and SDI, indicating a greater magnitude in more developed regions.

Comparison of socio-economic development conditions in municipal and land counties of eastern and western regions of Poland

Comparison of socio-economic development conditions in municipal and land counties of eastern and western regions of Poland

Trends in global ambient fine particulate matter pollution and diabetes mortality rates attributable to it in the 1990–2019: 30 years systematic analysis of global burden of disease

AimTo analyze the trends in ambient fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of diabetes attributable to it from 1990 to 2019 by region, country, and socio-economic development status. MethodsThe main data, including the summary exposure value (SEV) of ambient PM2.5 and the ASMR of diabetes due to ambient PM2.5, was collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. The socio-demographic index (SDI) was employed for assessing a particular region or country's degree of socio-economic development. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the changes of ambient PM2.5 and ASMR of diabetes attributable to it. ResultsGlobally, the SEV of ambient PM2.5 increased from 15.65 μg/m3 in 1990 to 26.22 μg/m3 in 2019, with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of 1.788 (95 % CI 1.687–1.889) μg/m3. The ASMR of diabetes attributable to ambient PM2.5 increased from 1.57 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 2.47 per 100.000 population in 2019 (AAPC = 1.569 [95 % CI 1.42–1.718]). Most regions and countries had an increase of SEV of ambient PM2.5 and ASMR of diabetes attributable to ambient PM2.5. The largest increase of SEV of ambient PM2.5 was observed in South Asia (AAPC = 3.556 [95 % CI 3.329–3.875]), while the largest increase of ASMR of diabetes was in Central Asia (AAPC = 5.170 [95%CI 4.696–5.647]). Moreover, the increase of SEV of ambient PM2.5 and ASMR of diabetes attributable to it were positively associated with SDI in low SDI countries (SDI < 0.46), whereas the opposite result was observed when SDI ≥ 0.46. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, the population's exposure to ambient PM2.5 and ASMR of diabetes attributable to it increased generally, especially in low-middle SDI regions. Ambient PM2.5 remains a threat to global health. Greater investment in ambient PM2.5 and the mortality attributable to it are needed.

The impact of the war on food security in Ukraine in the current conditions of socio-economic development

The main objective of the article was to study the characteristics of the impact of the war on food security in Ukraine. Ensuring food security is one of the most important aspects of promoting global security, as food consumption is basic in satisfying human needs and underlies the formation of a high level of quality of life of the population. The research methodology involved the use of the documentary method and the application of the dialectical approach. According to the results of the study, it was found that the war has a significant impact on food security in Ukraine. However, the study was limited to analyzing only the food security component. Further research should be devoted to study legal security and the underlying relationship between food security, sovereignty and legal security. It is concluded that the situation with the blockade of Ukrainian food exports indicates that, in the modern globalized world, an aggressor country can use both energy carriers and seizure of nuclear facilities, as well as food, to blackmail the world community, bringing individual countries to the brink of starvation.

Diagnostics of Regions Resource Potential in the Context of Socio-Economic Development

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the possibilities for diagnosing the resource potential of the regions, taking into account the indicators of their socio-economic development. Theoretical framework: To conduct the study, the indicators characterizing the socio-economic development of the regions were analyzed; Based on the selected indicators, indices of sub-potentials and integral estimates of the resource potential of the regions were calculated. Design/methodology/approach: The diagnostics of the resource potential of the regions is carried out by means of an integral assessment of sub-potentials through an indicative analysis, where the average values for the country are the standard. The obtained indicative estimates (indices) for the sub-potentials of the resource potential make it possible to identify rent-forming conditions in the regions. It is proposed to use a “simplified” diagnostic model for the study, which contains the main indicators for analysis; in the "enlarged" model, it is planned to use an expanded range of indicators to identify dependencies, taking into account their dynamic changes. Approbation was carried out in the Russian region - Novgorod region. Findings: As a result of the study, indicative estimates (indices) of the subpotentials of the resource potential of the analyzed regions were obtained, and their integral estimates of the resource potential were determined. The diagnostics of the resource potential made it possible to rank the regions according to the factor conditions of socio-economic development, as well as to lay the basis for assessing the effectiveness of the use of regional resource opportunities. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: The study expands scientific knowledge in the field of formation and use of the resource potential of the regions. Improving the assessment system within the proposed approach for conducting diagnostics for specific regional tasks will allow for a competent regional policy with a focus on the strengths and weaknesses of the socio-economic development of the region. Originality/value: The value of the study lies in the ranking of regions depending on resource conditions, which can help determine rent-forming factors and build an assessment of the efficiency of using resource potential.

Infant and child mortality in Palestine

The infant mortality rate (children under five) in Palestine is 21 deaths per 1,000 live births. Palestine has thus successfully reached the threshold set by the Millennium Development Goals for child mortality. However, this rate is higher than in neighboring countries. This indicator is extremely important as it is a highly sensitive indirect measure of population health, poverty and socio-economic development status, as well as the availability and quality of health services in acountry. These are all factors that still present challenges in Palestine.

Совершенствование профессионального образования в условиях когнитивной экономики

The study aims to determine the current areas of improving educational activities in the conditions of socio-economic development of modern society characterised by a number of important innovations that collectively form a systemic challenge for the education system. The paper examines the role of human capital in the formation of a stable base for economic development and the changes in the socio-economic environment that determine the areas of education transformation; identifies the features of the current stage of development of the education system in Russia; indicates the extent to which the state participates in solving urgent problems of education improvement. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive identification of the key trends of vocational education in the cognitive economy. As a result, it has been shown that in order to effectively improve vocational education in the conditions of socio-economic development of modern society, it is necessary to significantly increase state budget expenditures for the development of education. It has been determined that state support for the improvement of education is carried out through the development of various projects and programmes formed on the basis of advanced achievements of pedagogical science and the skills capacity of the pedagogical community.

Spatial spillover effects of forest ecological security on ecological well-being performance in China

Improving ecological well-being performance (EWP) is important for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development. The forest ecosystem provides multidimensional ecological well-being for humans, and forest ecological security (FES) has an important impact on the ability of human beings to obtain well-being from the ecosystem, providing multiple guarantees for EWP enhancement. Based on the panel data from 2004 to 2018, we estimate the EWP and FES index of 30 Chinese provinces using stochastic frontier model and TOPSIS, respectively. The spatial econometric model is also used to analyze the impact and spatial spillover effects of FES on EWP. The results show that (1) the level of overall EWP in China from 2004 to 2018 is high, but still not fully effective in converting natural resource inputs into well-being levels, showing a trend of fluctuating decline. Meanwhile, the spatial variation is obvious, where provinces with low EWP are mainly concentrated in the less developed western regions. (2) The FES index overall performance stands at the lower level, but maintaining a stable growth trend. Similarly, there are spatial variations in the distribution of FES, and declined in the order of East, Central, Northeast, and West China, which is basically consistent with the socioeconomic development status. (3) EWP and FES are both significantly correlated in spatial dependence, and the improvement of FES not only promotes EWP in the local, but also positively affects the neighbors through spatial spillover effects, with the indirect effects in the decomposition effects being much larger than the direct effects. In the context of resource scarcity and environmental constraints, the findings of this paper provide empirical evidence for policy formulation to enhance EWP, and the security status of forest ecosystems is a key consideration.

World Experience in Assessing the Effectiveness of Regulatory Policy in the National Economy

The world experience of evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory policy in the national economy is studied. The relevance of the article lies in the need to synchronize the regulatory policy of Ukraine and the EU in conditions of accelerated European integration. The purpose of the article is to summarize the global experience of assessing the effectiveness of regulatory policy in the national economy. The research methodology is represented by the methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, abstract-logical. As a result of the study, it was found that the effectiveness of the regulatory policy is still a debatable issue, since each author proposes to evaluate it based on key indicators of the socio-economic development of those sectors of the economy that are the objects of the study. It was determined that the interstate GIRG index determines the effectiveness of regulatory activity in the vast majority of countries of the world using a process approach. That is, compliance with all necessary procedures for communication with the public is taken into account. It is substantiated that there is a certain statistical dependence between the GIRG index and the state of socio-economic development, however, its nature in some cases is not clearly expressed. This is due to the following reasons: a significant lag between changes in the state regulatory policy model and economic development; different types of government, geographical and natural conditions, national and religious differences, etc. Attention was drawn to the fact that in 2019, the methodology for calculating the general rating indicator of the EBA was changed in order to better assess the impact of regulatory policy on the activities of agro-industrial enterprises. This makes it impossible to analyze target indicators in dynamics. In the process of research, it was found out that the best positions in Ukraine are occupied by phytosanitary legislation according to the results of the analysis. Regulatory norms regarding the registration of agricultural machinery were also noted for their high level of efficiency. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the practice of perspective planning in Ukraine today is not generally accepted among state authorities that are endowed with regulatory functions. In addition, it was concluded that the basis of the strategy for ensuring effective regulatory policy in Ukraine should be deregulation.

Global Burden and Its Association with Socioeconomic Development Status of Meningitis Caused by Specific Pathogens over the Past 30 years: A Population-Based Study

Background: Meningitis is a severe and fatal neurological disease and causes lots of disease burden. The purpose of this study was to assess the global, regional, and national burdens and trends of meningitis by age, sex, and etiology. Methods: Data on the burden of meningitis were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. R and Joinpoint were used for statistical analysis and charting. Results: In 2019, meningitis caused 236,222 deaths and 15,649,865 years of life lost (YLL) worldwide. The age-standardized death rate and age-standardized YLL rate of meningitis were 3.29 and 225, which decreased steadily. Burden change was mainly driven by epidemiological changes. Regionally, meningitis burden was the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burden of disease increasingly concentrated in low sociodemographic index countries, and this was most pronounced in meningitis caused by N. meningitidis. Countries such as Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, etc., especially need to enhance the rational allocation of public health resources to reduce the disease burden. Children and men were more likely to be affected by meningitis. PM2.5 was found to be an important risk factor. Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive understanding of the global disease burden of meningitis caused by specific pathogens and highlights policy priorities to protect human health worldwide, with particular attention to vulnerable regions, susceptible populations, environmental factors, and specific pathogens.

Characteristics of the Employment of the Population of Russia in the Informal Sector of the Economy

Relevance. The shadow economy exists in all countries of the world, however, the scale of employment in it indicates the degree of development of state institutions. The presence of shadow relations in the economy leads to a decrease in the revenues of the budget system at different levels of government, so it is necessary to create legal and economic conditions to reduce the share of the informal sector of the economy. Unfavorable socio-economic conditions for development, as a rule, are associated with the departure of employment to the informal sector of the economy, so it is necessary to identify the portrait characteristics of the population employed in it.The purpose of this study is to develop tools to counter the employment of the population in the informal sector of the economy, based on an assessment of the level of employment by type of economic activity and portrait characteristics.Objectives: to study the dynamics and structure of employment in the informal sector of the economy; identify factors that affect the level of shadow employment; develop tools to counteract shadow relations and determine the conditions for reducing the level of the informal sector of the economy.Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative and correlation analysis, the study used methods for calculating absolute, relative indicators, graphical and tabular methods for displaying information. Results: an assessment of shadow relations in the economy was carried out; the dynamics of the level of employment in the informal sector of the economy is analyzed; the factors that have a significant impact on it are identified; approaches are proposed to reduce the threat of the growth of the scale of shadow relations.Conclusions. Many countries are actively working to identify the causes and conditions for the existence of shadow relations, including Russia is actively working in this direction. As a result of the analysis, we have proposed a toolkit for reducing the scale of employment in the informal sector of the economy.

Global burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to metabolic risk factors, 1990–2019: an analysis of observational data from a 2019 Global Burden of Disease study

ObjectivesAn up-to-date, detailed global analysis of the current status of the metabolic-attributed cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the global burden of metabolic-attributed CVD and...

Global Patterns of Agricultural Investment and Food Security: Evidence from the fDi Markets Database.

The number of hungry people is on the rise and more efforts are needed to improve the global food security status. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) proposes more investment in the agricultural sector to boost production and alleviate hunger. However, there are fewer papers that distinguish enterprises investment from public investment. In this case, we take advantage of detailed investment data in the fDi Markets database to explore the global patterns of agricultural investment. In particular, we identify the top destination countries based on aggregate and sub-sectoral agricultural investment data. Then we investigate the relationship between agricultural investment and food security, which is measured by per capita protein intake. Finally, we propose some suggestions from the investment motivation perspective to help food-insecure countries to attract overseas investment. We find that developed countries are the primary sources of global agricultural investment and these sources have been becoming more diverse in the past decade. It implies the trend towards a more inclusive investment environment worldwide. However, the global distribution of agricultural investment is uneven as food-insecure countries only receive 20% of the global agricultural investment. The top three destination countries, USA, China, and Russia, have a relatively high food security level. In contrast, countries suffering from food insecurity receive fewer investment projects, and most of which are on a small scale. Given the limited socio-economic development status in food-insecure countries, it is essential for all levels of society to help them and contribute to ending hunger.

Global burden of female breast cancer and its association with socioeconomic development status, 1990-2044.

Breast cancer is a widespread disease in women worldwide. We aimed to explore the global epidemiological trends of female breast cancer (FBC) between 1990 and 2044. Disease burden, population, and socio-demographic index (SDI) data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) database. We analyzed temporal trends, age differences, risk factors, and geographic patterns of FBC disease burden globally and explored the association between age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of FBC and SDI. Bayesian age-period-cohort model was also performed to predict the changes in FBC incidence worldwide from 2020 to 2044. First, the global ASIR of FBC increased by 14.31% from 1990 to 2019 (95% Uncertainty Interval 4.75% to 23.98%). The death rate presented a falling trend. Second, alcohol use is the most-highlighted risk factor for FBC in some high-income regions such as Europe. A high fasting plasma glucose levels is the most prominent risk factor for FBC in Latin America and Africa. Third, the ASIR of the FBC increases with the SDI. Fourth, the incidence is expected to increase faster among women aged 35-60 years and fastest for those aged 50-54 years from 2020 to 2044. Countries with a high incidence of FBC that is expected to increase significantly include Barbados, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Monaco, Lebanon, Togo, and Uganda. The disease burden of FBC varies worldwide; the findings suggest attaching importance to the control of middle and low-middle SDI regions. Public health as well as cancer prevention experts should pay more attention to regions and populations at an increased risk of developing FBC, focusing on their prevention and rehabilitation while conducting further epidemiological studies to investigate the risk factors of their increase.

Technologies and trends of accounting, reporting and control in the conditions of development of the digital environment of public administration

The article deals with topical issues of accounting, reporting and control, including technologies, trends in budgetary institutions in the context of the transition of institutions to the scheme of providing accounting procedures for centralized accounting. Legal iterations, problems of state regulators in the field of research, including the regulatory framework, ensuring the methodology of accounting for documentation on electronic document management, are updated, while special attention is paid to the impact of electronic document management on the process of internal audit in the digital environment. The paradigm of technological sovereignty in legal iterations of digital transformations in the national project “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” is proposed. In the course of the research, general scientific and specific methods were used, among which one can distinguish the method of scientific abstraction, institutional method, methods of analysis (systemic, legal, functional, structural, economic) and synthesis, accounting method, logical method, classification method. The research results reflect the depth of the specifics of systematization, interpretation of conceptual trends in the development of the digital accounting environment reflected in the regulations of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, including centralization, accounting methodology, reporting and control in the public sector. The algorithm of optimal inclusion of the public sector in the interoperable mechanism of development, control and maintenance of smart control, electronic duplicates, “digital storages” is presented. The features of the introduction of modern information and communication technologies into the system of functioning of budgetary institutions and electronic document management systems in the current conditions of socio-economic development of society are noted. The research results will be useful to a wide range of readers interested in the processes of digitalization and centralization of accounting of budgetary institutions.

Evaluation study on the coordination of marine resources, the environment and social economy: take Taizhou Bay as an example

The sea is an important aspect of development in bay areas. Coordinated development of the marine resource environment and social economy is an inevitable requirement for high-quality development of the marine economy. This paper builds an index to evaluate the coordination of marine resources, environment and social economy in bay areas from four aspects: resource and environmental effects, resource utilization compliance, socio-economic development conditions, and technological investment and development status. The model is implemented for Taizhou Bay. The results show that the overall level of coordination between its marine resource environment and social economy is poor, under 0.4. The main reasons for this situation are the decline in environmental quality of bay resources, and insufficient technological investment and development. In view of the problem of uncoordinated regional development, this paper puts forward two suggestions to provide technical support for the high-quality development of Taizhou Bay: implementation of land and sea resource control, and increased investment in environmental repair technology in the bay.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE STATE POLICY OF FORMATION, ACCUMULATION AND USE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Realization of the ability to work as a qualitative characteristic of the workforce allows us to understand the reasons and driving forces for the development of the innovative economy. The purpose of the article is to generalize and improve theoretical approaches to the state policy of formation, accumulation and use of human capital in the conditions of socio-economic development. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the fundamental provisions, concepts, hypotheses and approaches to the management of human capital for the benefit of innovative development, set forth in the works of the classics and modern domestic and foreign scientists. The research is based on the methods of comparative, dynamic and comparative analysis, decomposition method, monographic research. Collective human abilities, distinguished by the continuity of cognition, understanding of the acquired knowledge, and their creative use are the labor potential of the socio-economic system, which characterizes the possibility of the development of this system. The conversion of human capital into labor resources is determined by the labor force index. The labor force is the able-bodied part of the country's population, which, due to mental, physiological and intellectual qualities, is able to produce material goods or services. Labor resources include the population capable of working. These are, first of all, people of working age, as well as working pensioners, teenagers, and immigrants. In the system of state statistics, the labor force is called "economically active population". A feature of developed countries is a high share of employees, less developed - self-employed, primarily due to the large number of self-employed households. It has been established that countries that rely on social and economic development on human capital formed through the education system become leaders. The functions of education are realized in various forms of individual benefits and public benefits at the corporate, regional, national and global levels. Public goods are recognized as collective goods that relate to the social. They characterize the development of society in general: social solidarity, equality in rights and self-determination of people, social and geographical mobility (freedom of movement), general knowledge and the possibility of participation in the discussion. Common goods can only be created jointly. Some are aimed at the individual (eg human rights) and some at groups of people (eg laws).

Application of shared socioeconomic pathways at the subnational level: carbon emission forecasts in Qinghai Province, China, integrating socioeconomic models

Forecasting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is necessary to estimate their climate impact and the required mitigation efforts. However, existing scenario frameworks are not consistent and limit the comparability of projection studies. In this study, the “Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology” model was combined with the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Model forecasts were calculated for each SSP from 2020 to 2060 in Qinghai Province, an underdeveloped, carbon-sink-rich region in China. Total CO2 emissions in Qinghai Province consistently exhibited an upward then downward trend, with large differences between SSPs in the peak date and maximum value of total CO2 emissions. Considering the current socioeconomic development status and total carbon emission trends in Qinghai Province, SSP1 and SSP2 were the most suitable pathways, providing balance between carbon emissions reduction and population well-being.

Система управления партнерскими отношениями государства и бизнеса: теория, концепция, анализ

: Relevance of the chosen research topic. The mechanism of partnership relations between the state and private business that has developed in Western countries in the implementation of socially significant investment projects represents a new stage of state regulation of the economy based on liberal concepts of development. The use of the investment mechanism within the framework of such systems in Russian conditions is possible, especially in those areas and areas of activity in which private investment is able to provide a sustainable vector for the equilibrium growth of the economic system, leaving control functions to the state. Today, there is a trend when the economic situation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation requires the use of various tools to assess their economic potential, the state of socio-economic development, financial balance and competitive conditions in the domestic and world markets. Such tools are important for an active federal policy aimed at leveling interregional inequality and ensuring the economic integrity of the country. The purpose of the article is to explore theoretical and conceptual approaches to regulating relations between the state and business on the example of government orders and public-private partnerships and in the face of modern challenges. The research methodology was based on the study of the international experience of individual countries, coupled with domestic practice in the field of systems for regulating relations between the state and business, using the example of government orders and public-private partnerships. During the work on the article, both theoretical (analysis, synthesis, analogy, generalization) and practical (comparison, description) research methods were used. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that it is the public-private partnership that is a more preferable form of interaction between the state and business than the state order and public procurement, in modern conditions, both in domestic practice and abroad.