Socio-economic Development Of City Research Articles

Does the population size of a city matter to its older adults' self-rated health? Results of China data analysis.

Clarifying the association between city population size and older adults' health is vital in understanding the health disparity across different cities in China. Using a nationally representative dataset, this study employed Multilevel Mixed-effects Probit regression models and Sorting Analysis to elucidate this association, taking into account the sorting decisions made by older adults. The main results of the study include: (1) The association between city population size and the self-rated health of older adults shifts from a positive linear to an inverted U-shaped relationship once individual socioeconomic status is controlled for; the socioeconomic development of cities, intertwined with the growth of their populations, plays a pivotal role in yielding health benefits. (2) There is a sorting effect in older adults' residential decisions; compared to cities with over 5 million residents, unobserved factors result in smaller cities hosting more less-healthy older adults, which may cause overestimation of health benefits in cities with greater population size. (3) The evolving socioeconomic and human-made environment resulting from urban population growth introduces health risks for migratory older adults but yields benefits for those with local resident status who are male, aged over 70, and have lower living standards and socioeconomic status. And (4) The sorting effects are more pronounced among older adults with greater resources supporting their mobility or those without permanent local resident status. Thus, policymakers should adapt planning and development strategies to consider the intricate relationship between city population size and the health of older adults.

THE HISTORY OF DIGITIZATION OF MODERN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE: ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON

The history and importance of the development of the "problem of digitization" and "smart city" are discussed as the subject of the article. In this study, the concept of "smart city" is considered as a general vector of further socio-economic development of cities. To reveal the historical aspect of the topic, historical reviews of the digitalization process of countries such as Singapore, Japan, and the USA are given. At this point, research methods: control and mixed methods are used. Using the methodology of qualitative analysis as a research methodology, the author compares the new digitization methodology, its development, developed in domestic discourse, with world experience. The authors come to the conclusion that the transfer of the state management system to a digital format serves as a means of developing the state's national interests and raising its image in the international arena. Today, the main task is to create conditions for the development of all types of cities, to ensure the uniformity of the economic and social development of the country's territories at the expense of increasing their competitiveness. Here, not competition, but competition, interaction and mutual aid relations based on the effective use of limited resources, primarily intellectual resources, play a decisive role. The practical importance of the article is to study the history of the complete digitalization of Kazakhstan and put the data into use. The research article will be useful and relevant for all readers who are studying the history of development of modern Kazakhstan or who are studying the humanitarian field.

Industrial Investments and Indicators of Van in the Planned Development Period (1960-1980)

Following the coup d'état on May 27, 1960, in Turkey, the subsequent regime devised a strategy to 
 facilitate socioeconomic progress, known as the planned development model, which had already been 
 implemented globally. In this respect, the State Planning Organization (SPO) was established to plan and execute the four five-year development plans prepared during 1960–1980. Basic principles such as import substitution, industrialization, socioeconomic development, and the elimination of inter-regional development disparities were included in the plans. The SPO sought to identify underdeveloped areas using socioeconomic-level determination research to address interregional inequality. These areas, including Van, were designated as Priority Development Areas (PDAs) and provided additional public support. In this period, there was a notable emphasis on industrialization to attain expeditious economic growth, thereby establishing it as the principal instrument. Significant industrial investments were undertaken by the public and private sectors, exerting a decisive influence on the spatial distribution of development. Public support was critical to socioeconomic development in cities like Van, where the private sector needed strengthening. This study employs quantitative data from the research mentioned earlier by SPO to analyze Van in terms of provincial public industrial investments and relevant indicators.

Social Enterprises and Their Role in Revitalizing Shrinking Cities—A Case Study on Shimizusawa of Japan

Since their birth in the 1990s, social enterprises, as a kind of third-party organization with the attributes of both a not-for-profit entity and a profit-making enterprise, have played a significant role in the socio-economic development of cities, in particular those facing the challenge of shrinking. But why are social enterprises so deeply embedded in the regeneration process of shrinking cities, and how do they promote their multi-dimensional revitalization? In order to answer these questions, this paper presents a case study on Shimizusawa in Japan based on a literature review and field research. In line with the embeddedness and institution–function–instrument theories, it reviews the revitalization of Shimizusawa by involving a social enterprise in the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage sites and the development of industrial tourism, analyzes the establishment process and organizational characteristics of this social enterprise, and summarizes the four major experiences of its practice—that is, the governance structure of two types of institutions and two types of functions, the planning for both profitable and non-profitable activities, the operation of both for-profit and not-for-profit businesses, and the fund management of leveraging multiple parties to raise funds and reinvesting the profits locally. The extensive support provided by the Shimizusawa Social Enterprise that creates not only economic value but also social value justifies the significant role of social enterprises in the revitalization of shrinking industrial areas. This case study, together with its analytical framework, may serve as a meaningful reference for the revitalization of shrinking industrial areas in other parts of the world.

PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES IN THE NORTHERN BORDER REGIONS OF AZERBAIJAN AND THE REGULATION OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT

The aim of the article is to investigate the features of the demographic and socio-economic development of cities in the northern border areas of Azerbaijan (Sheki, Zagatala, Gakh, Balaken, Gabala, Oguz, Khachmaz, Husar), to determine the direction of their perspective regulation in accordance with the trends that are taking place. Methods and methodology. The article uses such methods as historical overview, analysis of statistics of different periods, comparative analysis and descriptive method of demonstration of geographical objects. The study deals with taking into account the geostrategic significance of population resettlement in border areas, the importance of ensuring their economic, social and ecological development, regulating population migration processes, creating new jobs and implementing other social programs. The novelty of the article is that the directions of the demographic, socio-economic development of the cities are actually substantiated not only as the main supporting frames of the region, but also in terms of national interests, geopolitical and strategic situation. The article also identified socio-economic, natural-geographic, and other issues. factors affecting the location of cities in the northern border areas. mostly became possible during the years of Soviet power. The study says that cities are the largest economic centers of the country and the main centers of population settlement. The article scientifically analyzes geographical problems in Azerbaijan. Clarified features of Rego. It is concluded that it is clear from the article that scientific analyzes corresponding to geographical changes should be increased, such issues are considered comprehensively and universally in research. Conclusions. The study says that cities are the largest economic centers of the country and the main centers of population settlement. Before the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, only the cities of Sheki and Zagatala existed on this territory. Although these two settlements have long been formed as cities, they acquired city status only in 1840. And the cities of Balaken, Gakh, Gabala, Husar, Khachmaz, Oguz and other settlements located on the territory of administrative districts were created during the years of Soviet power and acquired the status of cities and towns. In general, the economic and geographical analysis of the development of the cities of the northern border regions allows us to reach the following conclusions and put forward a number of proposals: – in the creation of urban settlements and the formation of their modern system, the leading role was played by the organizational-economic, social-administrative management function that they perform for the surrounding territories; – Another city-forming factor is the food industry, which is represented by small-scale enterprises that mainly rely on the processing of local agricultural raw materials.

Analytical study of reducing the intensity of traffic flow in urban conditions

The decrease in traffic intensity on highways has a negative impact on the socio-economic development of cities. The article considers the main aspects entailing the formation of negative consequences from the activities of the urban transport complex. Possible ways of solving the current situation in the organization of traffic in urban conditions are presented. Keywords: road transport, traffic intensity, transport infrastructure, congestion

Forecastıng a city’s socıo-economıc development on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk

The article proposes an algorithm for assessing and forecasting a city's socio-economic development, evaluating its level on the basis of a selected system of indicators on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk, and outlines the main directions its socio-economic development. Despite the significant amount of research in this area, the complexity and scale of current problems, and the need for territorial development of Ukraine justify the need for methodological tools to determine the level of change and the main directions of socio-economic development. To study changes in the socio-economic development of cities, it is recommended to use the method of integrated assessment, as this approach provides information on the overall dynamics of their development, taking into account a wide range of indicators that determine favorable and inhibitory trends. Regarding the forecasting of further changes on the basis of various dependencies, the ranking of models by the approximation coefficient and by the deviation of the calculated integrated indicator and its predicted value should be applied. This approach to forecasting makes it possible to identify the trend of future changes in the model of approximation, which determines the reliability and accuracy of such forecasting. The assessment of socio-economic development on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk showed a low level of changes in the city's development and their further reduction while maintaining the current situation for the period 2018-2020. The article also outlines the main directions of increasing the city's development by restoring and increasing industrial production, introducing innovative technologies, and increasing product competitiveness by attracting investment, creating new jobs, upgrading, reconstructing and modernizing fixed assets, increasing production capacity and increasing business efficiency by expanding the market, increasing exports, promoting the introduction of advanced energy and resource-saving technologies, and the use of alternative energy sources. Greater efforts are also needed from cities to attract financial resources through grants and programs and to involve local people in addressing socio-economic and environmental issues, which will improve their well-being and quality of life. Funding for development programs can be expanded through loans from local governments. Despite the transfer of executive power to local governments and the expansion of their fiscal autonomy, most problems still remain. Therefore, in order to revive the local credit market, it is first necessary to ensure the stability of the political and economic situation in the country and to implement a number of institutional and structural reforms.

Прогнозування соціально-економічного розвитку міста на прикладі Івано-Франківська

development, evaluating its level on the basis of a selected system of indicators on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk, and outlines the main directions its socio-economic development. Despite the significant amount of research in this area, the complexity and scale of current problems, and the need for territorial development of Ukraine justify the need for methodological tools to determine the level of change and the main directions of socio-economic development. To study changes in the socio-economic development of cities, it is recommended to use the method of integrated assessment, as this approach provides information on the overall dynamics of their development, taking into account a wide range of indicators that determine favorable and inhibitory trends. Regarding the forecasting of further changes on the basis of various dependencies, the ranking of models by the approximation coefficient and by the deviation of the calculated integrated indicator and its predicted value should be applied. This approach to forecasting makes it possible to identify the trend of future changes in the model of approximation, which determines the reliability and accuracy of such forecasting. The assessment of socio-economic development on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk showed a low level of changes in the city's development and their further reduction while maintaining the current situation for the period 2018-2020. The article also outlines the main directions of increasing the city's development by restoring and increasing industrial production, introducing innovative technologies, and increasing product competitiveness by attracting investment, creating new jobs, upgrading, reconstructing and modernizing fixed assets, increasing production capacity and increasing business efficiency by expanding the market, increasing exports, promoting the introduction of advanced energy and resource-saving technologies, and the use of alternative energy sources. Greater efforts are also needed from cities to attract financial resources through grants and programs and to involve local people in addressing socio-economic and environmental issues, which will improve their well-being and quality of life. Funding for development programs can be expanded through loans from local governments. Despite the transfer of executive power to local governments and the expansion of their fiscal autonomy, most problems still remain. Therefore, in order to revive the local credit market, it is first necessary to ensure the stability of the political and economic situation in the country and to implement a number of institutional and structural reforms.

Mobility in China, 2020: a tale of four phases.

2020 was an unprecedented year, with rapid and drastic changes in human mobility due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the variation in commuting patterns among the Chinese population across stable and unstable periods, we used nationwide mobility data from 318 million mobile phone users in China to examine the extreme fluctuations of population movements in 2020, ranging from the Lunar New Year travel season (chunyun), to the exceptional calm of COVID-19 lockdown, and then to the recovery period. We observed that cross-city movements, which increased substantially in chunyun and then dropped sharply during the lockdown, are primarily dependent on travel distance and the socio-economic development of cities. Following the Lunar New Year holiday, national mobility remained low until mid-February, and COVID-19 interventions delayed more than 72.89 million people returning to large cities. Mobility network analysis revealed clusters of highly connected cities, conforming to the social-economic division of urban agglomerations in China. While the mass migration back to large cities was delayed, smaller cities connected more densely to form new clusters. During the recovery period after travel restrictions were lifted, the netflows of over 55% city pairs reversed in direction compared to before the lockdown. These findings offer the most comprehensive picture of Chinese mobility at fine resolution across various scenarios in China and are of critical importance for decision making regarding future public-health-emergency response, transportation planning and regional economic development, among others.

Assessment of the Role of Greenbelts in Environmental and Socio-Economic Development of Urban Areas in Southeast Nigeria

As urban areas in many developing countries continue to witness rapid spatial and demographic growth, the sustenance of greenbelts is seriously threatened due to increasing demand for land for housing and provision of urban infrastructure. However, in a country like Nigeria, there is a lack of clarity on some contentious issues regarding urban greenbelts. This study investigated the role of greenbelts in environment and socio-economic development of cities in southeastern Nigeria. A questionnaire survey of 300 built environment professionals, including architects, engineers, town planners, land surveyors, quantity surveyors and property developers was conducted in the study area. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests of significance and it was observed that although around 75.3% of the respondents agreed that green belts contribute to increasing pressure on the existing land in the study area; most of the participants indicated that greenbelts play significant role in urban environment sustainability and socio-economic development by protecting air and water, serving as local sources of food and medicine, means of preserving agricultural land, promoting biodiversity and preventing urban land degradation. In addition, prohibiting housing and physical developments in greenbelts and using Brownfields as alternative sources of land for housing were identified as the possible strategies for preserving urban greenbelts in the study area. This research is intrusive in revealing the key roles greenbelts play in urban development agenda and the possible ways for preserving them in rapidly urbanizing regions in Nigeria and beyond.

Possibilities of using innovative urban design approaches for economic regional development

Research background: Globalization affects the daily lives of every individual, and therefore of the society in which he lives. In the coming years, almost 80% of the population will live in cities, which will have an impact on the socio-economic development of cities. These facts can lead to a deterioration of the security situation. Therefore, cities focused on the design of urban development, and thus on the elimination of undesirable factors. Purpose of the article: Cities around the world began to attend with architectural modifications of spaces, which could positively influence socio-economic factors. Changing the environment can reduce crime in localities. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of selected approaches on the quality of citizens’ life and to point out the possibilities of crime prevention through environmental design. Methods: Solution that deals with influencing the urban environment is the CPTED method. This approach focuses on the urban space and the principles of the fight against crime. The article describes the principles of CPTED application in urban space, and ways of its possible use. The methods of economic analysis and mathematical statistics will also evaluate the economic impacts on the budget of the entity using the approach. Findings & Value added: Due to globalization, built-up areas in cities are expanding. These changes have implications for socio-economic factors. The findings can be used in the design of new as well as existing urban spaces by public administration entities (especially regional and local governments), but also by private developers.

“Qualifying Peripheries” or “Repolarizing the Center”: A Comparison of Gentrification Processes in Europe

Reflecting a broader form of neo-liberal urban policy underlying the progressive return of capital investment, gentrification is a key issue in urban studies. Although earlier definitions of “gentrification” focused mostly on socio-cultural processes, recent works have qualified gentrification as a mixed political–economic issue. Clarifying whether inner city gentrification should be supported, controlled, constricted, or prevented is a key debate in urban sustainability and metabolism, contributing to managing and, possibly, enhancing metropolitan resilience. To define the causes and consequences of gentrification, understanding the intrinsic linkage with different social contexts is crucial. There are no universal and comprehensive gentrification processes, displaying similarities and differences at the same time. A comparative analysis of different forms of gentrification and urban change provides basic knowledge to delineate complex, non-linear paths of socioeconomic development in cities, shedding light on the increased socioeconomic complexity and the most appropriate policies to fuel metropolitan sustainability in a broader context of global change. From this perspective, our commentary focuses on the main issues at the base of gentrification in Europe, starting from basic definitions and providing a regional vision distinguishing three “gentrification ideal-types” (northern, eastern, and Mediterranean). The implications of these different socioeconomic processes for the policy and governance of sustainable and resilient cities were discussed, evidencing new lines of investigation to frame (or re-frame) the increasing complexity of urbanization patterns and processes.

Smart Cities: Necessity and Development Strategies

In the twenty-first century different countries and cities are increasingly seeking to introduce quality improvements in their livelihoods, generate for its residents an environment that is called “smart city” on the basis of high technologies. The article shows that the emergence of a “smart” city is an objective necessity due to the rapid growth of cities in the present and in the future. “Smart” city is designed to solve life problems in cities and create conditions for the socio-economic development of cities and countries, and for a favorable stay of residents on its territory. There are a number of strategies to implement the concept of “smart”, but it is important for each urban settlement to develop its own approaches and projects.

Un modelo conceptual para la protección de las vistas relevantes del centro histórico de Camagüey

<p>En la actualidad las vistas relevantes en paisajes urbanos históricos presentan amenazas que atentan contra su integridad visual y valores, a pesar de que son reconocidas por la comunidad científica e institucional como recursos importantes para la preservación de la identidad cultural y el desarrollo socioeconómico de las ciudades. Los estudios teórico-prácticos al respecto aún son insuficientes y presentan limitaciones en cuanto al nivel de integración en los procedimientos para su gestión. En este artículo se propone un modelo conceptual para su preservación, basado en la concepción integrada de la gestión urbana, a partir de la integración de los enfoques sistémico, estratégico, participativo y de paisaje urbano histórico. Esto presupone un proceso que contribuye al equilibrio entre la satisfacción de las necesidades de la sociedad actual y la protección de las vistas relevantes, en una concepción de mejora de ambos componentes.</p>

The trend of urban environment quality as an importaut factorof migration processes

Improving the quality of the urban environment allows the government to influence on large number of citizens, including changing their migration preferences. Urban development can offer a large amount of patriotism. The successes of socio-economic development of cities are confirmed by practice when the planned activities are fully implemented. At the same time, the goals are to consolidate the indigenous population of cities, to attract high-quality specialists from other cities with favorable living conditions. Such internal migration processes can be both permanent and temporary-all of them are aimed at creating socially necessary products. If such trends are supplemented by high wages in high-tech industries that implement advanced technologies, the influx of the required number of highly qualified specialists becomes very likely. Improvement of the quality of the urban environment and its ecological condition on high level is now a state-supported priority. It meets the criteria of social justice, focuses on a more active lifestyle of citizens, which has a positive impact on the health of the population. In addition, the health-improving effect of favorable living conditions is felt on a subconscious level, positively charging people with new energy, improving their mood and maintains their tone on a high emotional level. Improving the comfort of the living environment in addition to improved housing conditions provides for the improvement of infrastructure, a significant transformation of the surrounding landscaped areas, as well as socially significant public urban spaces that harmoniously complement the natural resource potential of settlements. All this in a complex influences on the positive public mood of society and helps to increase the competitive advantages of specific cities in the fight for human capital, affecting also the migration preferences of modern people.

Assessing Urban Risk to Extreme Heat in China

Many cities are experiencing persistent risk in China due to frequent extreme weather events. Some extreme weather events, such as extreme heat hazard, have seriously threatened human health and socio-economic development in cities. There is an urgent need to measure the degree of extreme heat risk and identify cites with the highest levels of extreme heat risk. In this study, we presented a risk assessment framework of extreme heat and considered risk as a combination of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Based on these three dimensions, we selected relevant variables from historical meteorological data (1960–2016) and socioeconomic statistics in 2016, establishing an indicator system of extreme heat risk evaluation. Finally, we developed an extreme heat risk index to quantify the levels of extreme heat risk of 296 prefecture-level cities in China and revealed the spatial pattern of extreme heat risk in China in 2016 and their dominant factors. The results show that (1) cities with high levels of extreme heat hazard are mainly located in the south of China, especially in the southeast of China; (2) the spatial distribution of the extreme heat risk index shows obvious agglomeration characteristics; (3) the spatial distribution of the extreme heat risk is still mostly controlled by natural geographical conditions such as climate and topography; (4) among the four types of hazard-dominated, exposure-dominated, vulnerability-dominated, and low risk cities, the number of vulnerability-dominated cities is the largest. The results of this study can provide support for the risk management of extreme heat disasters and the formation of targeted countermeasures in China.

Prevalence of the Settlement of Medical Residences in the State of Tocantins in the Period 2013-2017

Abstract: Introduction: The accomplishment of medical residency (MR) is a type of qualification considered to be the “gold standard” for medical specialization. Understanding whether there is actually greater professional settlement or not stimulated by MR and which factors hinder or contribute to the physician’s permanence in that place, are important information for the structuring of medical residency and health system programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of settlement of medical residents who finished the residency training in the state of Tocantins, after the implementation of medical residency programs in the period from 2013 to 2017. Method: This is an observational quantitative research, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical design, using the telematic technique and its own questionnaire, carried out with 44 medical residents that finished the medical residency program in the state of Tocantins. The project was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT) under Opinion number 2.292.540. Results: The prevalence of settlement was 65.9% of physicians in the state of Tocantins. Most residents were females (59.1%), with a mean age of 30.8 ± 3.1 years, income between 10 and 20 minimum wages (55.8%) and worked during their residency training (84.1%). The specialties that showed the highest settlement rates were general surgery and clinical medicine, and among these, the majority works for the private and state health networks. The main reason for not settling in Tocantins was to attend another residency or subspecialty program in another state (64.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of medical residents that finished the residency and settled in Tocantins during the analyzed period can be considered high (65.9%). The fact that most of these individuals are young and female and the reason for not settling in the state are important indicators to be analyzed together with the settlement process and the offering of positions in the specialties available in Tocantins. The results of the study indicated a favorable and strategic perspective of the Medical Residency Programs (MRP) in the medical settlement in Tocantins, which cannot be generalized to the reality of such an unequal health system in the country. A larger public investment in the structuring of health network services is necessary, especially in the municipal network, in the organization of support and socioeconomic development of cities.

Prevalence of the Settlement of Medical Residences in the State of Tocantins in the Period 2013-2017

Abstract: Introduction: The accomplishment of medical residency (MR) is a type of qualification considered to be the “gold standard” for medical specialization. Understanding whether there is actually greater professional settlement or not stimulated by MR and which factors hinder or contribute to the physician’s permanence in that place, are important information for the structuring of medical residency and health system programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of settlement of medical residents who finished the residency training in the state of Tocantins, after the implementation of medical residency programs in the period from 2013 to 2017. Method: This is an observational quantitative research, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical design, using the telematic technique and its own questionnaire, carried out with 44 medical residents that finished the medical residency program in the state of Tocantins. The project was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT) under Opinion number 2.292.540. Results: The prevalence of settlement was 65.9% of physicians in the state of Tocantins. Most residents were females (59.1%), with a mean age of 30.8 ± 3.1 years, income between 10 and 20 minimum wages (55.8%) and worked during their residency training (84.1%). The specialties that showed the highest settlement rates were general surgery and clinical medicine, and among these, the majority works for the private and state health networks. The main reason for not settling in Tocantins was to attend another residency or subspecialty program in another state (64.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of medical residents that finished the residency and settled in Tocantins during the analyzed period can be considered high (65.9%). The fact that most of these individuals are young and female and the reason for not settling in the state are important indicators to be analyzed together with the settlement process and the offering of positions in the specialties available in Tocantins. The results of the study indicated a favorable and strategic perspective of the Medical Residency Programs (MRP) in the medical settlement in Tocantins, which cannot be generalized to the reality of such an unequal health system in the country. A larger public investment in the structuring of health network services is necessary, especially in the municipal network, in the organization of support and socioeconomic development of cities.

Prospects for socio-economic development of the urban system

The article presents an analysis of the socio-economic development of the city as a system. The main problems faced by Russian cities in the course of their development and ways to solve them have been revealed. The experience of socio-economic development of foreign cities was presented as an example, and the most effective methods were identified. On the basis of the findings, the option of implementing foreign development experience in the Russian city system has been proposed. The relevance of the analysis is due to the need for socio-economic development of cities in Russia.

Exploring the Impact of Urban Green Space on Residents’ Health in Guangzhou, China

AbstractChina’s rapid urbanization has exerted long-lasting effects on socioeconomic development in cities and on the living conditions of urban Chinese. However, few studies have focused on unders...