Socio-ecological Strategies Research Articles

Personalideer: A comprehensive review of personality studies in cervids

Understanding animal personality, that is, consistent behavioural variation among individuals, is essential for elucidating the evolutionary origins of human personality. Despite extensive research on personality in diverse taxa, its significance in deer (i.e. cervids, family Cervidae), a taxon with diverse socioecological strategies, remains largely unexplored. This review summarizes the deer personality literature and highlights the knowledge gap in the studied species, personality assessment methods and traits, the general goal of the study, and implications for human personality research. We identified 32 eligible studies on seven species of deer, representing only a small portion of existing deer taxonomic diversity. More than half of the articles focused on three common deer species, roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus), fallow der ( Dama dama), and elk ( Cervus canadensis). Most studies evaluated reactions to capture, handling, and approaching humans, interpreting these behaviours as ‘Boldness’ or a ‘Coping style’. Also, most articles investigated the personality links to ecological variables, followed by physiological measures, and management applications. We advise researchers to move beyond measuring single traits and adopt a multitrait–multimethod approach, as is common in human personality research. Finally, deer and other animal models might be viable alternatives for studying adaptive value and genetic and environmental underpinnings of personality when research on humans is complicated.

Socio-Ecological Management of Drawdown Farming in Jatigede Embankment Dam (West Java, Indonesia)

The impact of the construction of the Jatigede dam caused at least 6,856 heads of households in 17 villages as affected people (Orang terkena dampak-OTD) must move to new area. They must develop adaptation strategies to make various efforts to obtain income to maintain their survival in new area. Among the efforts made by OTD of Jatigede, they have utilized drawdown area of Jatigede for cultivating various crops . The objective of the paper is to elucidate the socio-ecological strategy of OTD of Jatigede who reside in Maleber Hamlet, Wado Village, Sumedang District, in managing drawdown area. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with an ethnoagroecological approach. The results of the study showed that in an effort to adapt the OTD to a new environment, they have managed the drawdown area of Jatigede lake for cultivating various crops. Generally OTD have successfully managed the drawndown area by cultivating various crops. However, they have still difficulty maintained sustainable cultivating in the drawdown area due to climate changes and drought.

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Substance Use Disorders through Socioecological Strategies.

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Substance Use Disorders through Socioecological Strategies.

Integrating social and ecological considerations in floodplain relocation and restoration programs

In the United States, most floodplain relocation (or buyout) programs focus on moving homeowners, then deal separately with what happens with the land afterward. These programs typically divide processes for relocation planning, engagement, funding, and implementation from those related to post-buyout land management and restoration. The structural and operational conditions that lead to this separation of roles and responsibilities miss out on opportunities to create more synergistic socio-ecological strategies that may produce healthier outcomes for both people and the environment. In other domains, research shows that healthy people and healthy environments can co-create each other through more virtuous cycles. In this perspective essay, we argue that we can better create such virtuous cycles in floodplain relocation programs by integrally considering social and ecological components. Such efforts can encourage more people to decide to relocate, thereby creating more contiguous places to restore. They can also empower more residents to help steward these sites, an action that in turn helps heal and strengthen flood-affected communities. These arguments, while particular to the United States, have resonance for floodplain management and land use planning worldwide.

“Mapping the Extreme Terres”: A Socio-Ecological Strategy in Response to the Critical Condition of the Italian Hinterland of Val di Sole

Vulnerable topographies and morphologies are reservoirs of resilience in reacting to social, economic, and environmental crises in the Italian Hinterlands. Moreover, the pandemic situation of recent years has influenced people’s values and priorities, allowing us to reconsider the value of lands outside urban centres. In Italy, overcoming a contrasting vision between cities and inland areas brings out a relationship of interdependence between territories, a fragile balance to be investigated and reconnected. The contribution of this paper aims to investigate the current state of vulnerability of these hinterlands, crossed by continuous phenomena and by discrete or sudden phenomena, to represent the tangible and intangible space to fully understand the performativity of these territories. The methodology used lies in an intermediate space between the values process of landscape ecology, which sees as its starting point the investigation of tangible land effects, and the quantitative-qualitative approach of mapping. A scale of values is assigned through the use of GIS-assisted multi-criteria evaluation. The proposed methodology is set and applied in the case of Val di Sole, Trentino, to spatialise the relationship between risk and resources in Italy’s hinterlands.

Priority tree and shrubs for use in Landscape Architecture based on the dynamic states of native vegetation with the highest ecological value in mainland Portugal

The reduction of the native forests coverage in mainland Portugal increased in the past centuries, leading to a marked decrease in biodiversity in general, especially on typical species of mature forest environments. However, urban biodiversity seems to resist more effectively than rural to disturbances due to the lower incidence of fires, as well as to agriculture expansion. Thus, in this work, we analyzed the dynamics of the natural vegetation potential in each biogeographic sector, and selected, based on the evolutionary stages of the vegetation, a set of priority taxa for conservation. The criteria used are intended to highlight plants with ornamental value, but at the same time, some of them have high patrimonial value, belonging to the Red List of Vascular Flora of Mainland Portugal or protected by Annexes II, IV and V of the Sectorial Plan of the Natura 2000 Network at the European level. Our analysis resulted in the identification of 62 plants that can be increased in public spaces in order to improve their conservation status. For each biogeographic sector, the plants best adapted to the local edaphoclimatic conditions are presented. Forest habitats can now, through micro-reserves in urban areas, ensure their long-term conservation and greater awareness among the population. An integrated planning, where the socio-ecological strategy is designed for the long term, will benefit the quality of life of citizens in an urban environment. Furthermore, the creation of micro-reserves in urban parks (gardens) can prevent the extinction of many botanical values in the landscapes of the western Mediterranean Basin.

Recampesinizando los usi civici: Estrategias socioecológicas tradicionales de manejo del territorio entre pastores en Baunei (Cerdeña)

Agrarian industrialization and new food regimes have radically changed socioecologies of local and global agrarian structures displacing traditional socioecological strategies of land use and management. This paper analyses this transformation from an agroecological perspective by raising the question of how the agrarian activities and the uses of commons have changed in the municipality of Baunei (Sardinia, Italy) with a special focus on livestock farming. Ethnographic research –through participant observation methods and open and semi-structured in-depth interviews– has enabled to reconstruct the traditional use of land and the strategies of its socioecological management as well as the changes produced by agricultural modernization and modernity at large, and finally, to unveil new perspectives of re-peasantization among Baunei’s shepherds to obtain more feasible and sustainable farms. This study highlights tendencies of re-peasantization in land management strategies and the seek for cooperative answers, including an internal reflection on the socioecological meaning of traditional strategies for managing the commons (in usi cicivi) and provides insights to the new potentials of such management and social cooperation practices together with new agricultural techniques and organizational structures in building more sustainable and just food and agricultural systems.

An Overview of Ecotherapy-Based Activities in Urban Green Spaces Design

This research aims to see an overview of ecotherapy-based activities as a form of intervention in the design of urban green spaces during the pandemic. Ecotherapy is a combined approach of socio-ecological strategy that promotes mental health, through community participation and empowerment. The ecotherapy-based activities include horticultural therapy such as gardening and physical therapy such as sports activities. The research method is a qualitative method through case studies. The case study was carried out at two locations of Taman Maju Bersama which in 2020 had conducted a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) process at the planning stage. The impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak presents an opportunity to integrate a public health perspective into the concept of urban green space design standards. This is an opportunity to improve urban green space design standards that need to be considered by the Jakarta Provincial Government in the future. Some considerations should be included: 1) the opportunity to improve urban green space on a neighborhood scale, 2) the potential for an ecotherapy approach, especially on spatial program interventions in urban green spaces design, 3) consideration of health protocol policies for handling COVID-19, such as a new interpersonal physical distance limit in urban public spaces.

63565 Awareness of Low Value Care Is Requisite for De-Implementation: Nurses’ Choosing Wisely ®Campaign

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Points to strategies to de-implement ineffective, harmful, or unproven practices, lowering burden and cost of healthcare, using evidence-based recommendations on low value care. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Ineffective, harmful, or unproven practices add burden and cost of healthcare. In national efforts to de-implement low value care (LVC), Choosing Wisely ®campaign generated 25 recommendations through the American Academy of Nursing (CW AAN). Our study described nurse-awareness of CW AAN recommendations as requisite toward de-implementing LVC. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A multi-stakeholder state action coalition led the project to achieve the Institute of Medicine Future of Nursing goals by describing nurse awareness of CW AAN recommendations. The survey was the first among nursing professionals. Use of human subjects was approved at the lead university. Registered Nurse contact information was obtained from the state Board of Nursing of a large mid-South state. Qualtrics ®surveys patterned after the CW survey of physicians’ awareness were administered online by the state Center for Nursing Workforce Studies. Content experts developed 2 surveys’‘ one for Registered Nurses (RNs) and one for Advance Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs)’‘ to account for differences in scope of practice. Surveys assessed current knowledge and perception of the Choosing Wisely ®AAN campaign. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Over six weeks, 374 nurses participated (295 RNs and 79 APRNs). About half of each group indicated that unnecessary nursing care was a ‘somewhat serious problem.’ Only 21% of RNs and 26% of APRNs were aware of Choosing Wisely ®AAN recommendations. Participants identified reasons for the prevalence of low value care in practice as being concerns about malpractice issues, lack of time with patients for meaningful discussion, ‘just to be safe,’ and patients insisting on getting the test or procedure. For the RN group, cost of LVC was rarely discussed; in the APRN group, cost was frequently discussed. Of the APRNs who were aware of CW, 90% believe the recommendations were helpful. When asked for LVC de-implementation suggestions, 78% said EBP recommendations would be effective; at the same time, 20% had low knowledge of EBP. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: RNs and APRNs reported low awareness of CW AAN advice. While representative, sample size limits generalization. De-implementation in learning health systems will include socioecological strategies focused on provider awareness and confidence, patient preference, cost, strength of evidence, and safe work culture to diffuse fear of litigation.

New evidence of mid- to late- Holocene vegetation and climate change from a Neolithic settlement in western fringe of Central Ganga Plain: Implications for Neolithic to Historic phases

Here we present a continuous palaeoclimatic record of 5980 years (7230 cal BP–1250 cal BP) from Hetapatti, a Neolithic site situated on the western fringe of the Central Ganga Plain. The region was a center of reurbanisation following the decline of the Harappan civilisation and is considered a hub of economic, political and religious evolution since the sixth millennium BC. Hetapatti contains an uninterrupted sequence from Neolithic to Historic (Gupta) period. The study integrates two different approaches (phytoliths and carbon isotope analysis) to infer vegetational and climatic changes and to understand their relationship to the cultural sequence. Our results show a gradual transformation from a warm and humid climate into a warm and dry climate from the Neolithic to Historic (Gupta) period. We find an abrupt weakening of the ISM at ~2080 cal BP driving a warm and dry climate. The comparison of our data with other high resolution regional and global records led us to hypothesise a synchronicity in this warm and dry trend, coeval with the Roman warm period (RWP). The observed variation in vegetation and climate might have driven by the fluctuations in the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). Additionally, the phytolith analysis provides evidence of cereal crops including rice, wheat, barley, millets, etc. suggesting a crop affinity with the earlier Indus crop package. It is interesting to note that the site displays an uninterrupted cultural sequence from Neolithic to Historic times, with artefacts of each phase exhibiting technological and stylistic developments from the preceding culture. From this we infer that the well adapted socio-ecological strategies and availability of perennial rivers may have helped the ancient civilisation to absorb the stress relating to a varying climate.

Nursing Student’s Perception Regarding Health Promotion and Health Education

Background: Promoting health is a key component of nursing practice- By helping nurses change individuals, society and healthcare system by promoting the health of individuals, families, communities and populations. Purpose: The aim of the study is to show the understanding of nursing student’s perception regarding health education and health promotion. Study design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Lahore School of Nursing, the University of Lahore. Duration: 4 months from September 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: this study was done on 135 nursing students selected through convenient sampling method from Lahore School of Nursing, the University of Lahore. Data was collected by modified questionnaire adopted from (Halcomb, 2010) to understand the perception of nursing students regarding health promotion and health education [1]. Results: This study finds out that 90% n=122 participants have positive perception regarding health promotion and health education. Although there were some signs that nursing students were introduced to the concept of health promotion as a socioecological strategy that integrates changes in the economy, policy, organization and climate. This socio-ecological approach was not viewed by the majority of student nurses as having a role modeling faculty or nurses. Conclusion: students nurses to be recognized as future high quality health promoters, collaborates with wellbeing advancement leaders, and effectively teach nursing education. There is a need to made changes in the nursing curriculum to reflect appropriate and accurate health promotion concepts and performed health promoting behaviours which have strong impact on individual health.

Advocacy coalition impacts on healthy public policy-oriented learning in Alberta, Canada (2009–2016): A difference-in-differences analysis

Since 2009, the Alberta Policy Coalition for Chronic Disease Prevention (APCCP) has pursued policy, systems, and environmental change strategies engaging policy elites to promote healthy public policy for chronic disease prevention in Alberta, Canada. Employing Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) vocabulary to facilitate our analysis, we examined whether concerted advocacy by the APCCP shifted elites' belief system structures over an eight year period compared to the general public as a baseline, by fostering healthy public policy-oriented learning. As data for the study, we employed a trend design series of cross-sectional Chronic Disease Prevention Surveys in Alberta, Canada between 2009 and 2016, comparing policy elite responses in 2009 (n = 183) and 2016 (n = 174) with general public responses in 2010 (n = 1203) and 2016 (n = 1200). Drawing on four scales developed in a published exploratory factor analysis, we examined changes in elite versus public beliefs with respect to (i) behavioral etiology, (ii) socio-ecological etiology, (iii) individual responsibility, and (iv) societal responsibility. Each scale was analyzed for reliability using Cohen's alpha (α), tested for sample mean (μ) value differences with analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < .05), and compared between groups over time using difference-in-differences analysis. Cohen's alphas above approximately 0.700 indicated acceptable scale reliability (0.692≤α ≤ 0.879). ANOVA testing indicated significant group mean difference for every scale but societal responsibility among elites (μ2009 = 13.2, μ2016 = 13.7; p = .06). Standardized beta coefficients (β) presented significant differences between elites and the public for three of four scales, excepting behavioral etiology (β = −0.009, p = .746). In ACF terms, transformation of elites' policy core beliefs is necessary, but not sufficient, for major policy change such as healthy public policy. Spanning provincial policy communities relevant to whole-of-government intervention for chronic disease prevention, our results provide evidence to support the plausibility of long term socio-ecological strategies aiming to foster policy-oriented learning among elites by advocacy coalitions like the APCCP.

Right on time - Socioecological strategy and implications of turbulence in the Swiss watchmaking field

We explore how the socio-ecological approach to strategy extends and enriches current theory on fields (especially Fligstein and McAdam, 2012). We do so with a socio-ecological (Ramirez and Selsky, 2016) lens which helps us analyse how contention and change work in conditions of turbulence, conditions where macro-level issues play a central role in transforming a field. Our empirical exploration of the Swiss watchmaking field in its current turbulent causal texture enables us to examine the locus of strategic action (intra-field vs inter-field) by both incumbents and challengers, and how they enact the strategic stances of preparation, relocating and reinventing collaboration. With this lens we also analyse the roles a legacy technology can play in the framing-reframing contention, where incumbents favour an ‘intra-field’ framing (i.e. centred in the legacy technology) whereas challengers favour an ‘inter-field’ reframing (i.e. open to emerging technologies). Our research further contributes to the literature by providing a clarification of the Ramirez and Selsky (2016) strategic stances in relation to its core unit of analysis: field-level vs organizational-level vs inter-organizational network level and does so with empirical data.

Potential Trade-Offs between the Sustainable Development Goals in Coastal Bangladesh

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are offered as a comprehensive strategy to guide and encourage sustainable development at multiple scales both nationally and internationally. Furthermore, through the development of indicators associated with each goal and sub-goal, the SDGs support the notion of monitoring, evaluation and adaptive management, underpinned by the aspirations of social justice, equity and transparency. As such, the ethical intention of the SDGs is well founded. However, possible conflicts and trade-offs between individual SDGs have received little attention. For example, SDGs relating to poverty (SDG 1), inequality (SDG 10), food security (SDG2), economic development (SDG 8) and life in water and on land (SDGs 14 and 15), are potentially competing in many circumstances. In a social–ecological context, policy support and formulation are increasingly adopting systems approaches, which analyse the complex interactions of system elements. Adopting such an approach in this work, the above SDGs are analysed for coastal Bangladesh. This demonstrates multiple potential trade-offs between the SDGs, including agricultural farming approaches in the light of poverty reduction, and between economic growth and environmental integrity as well as equity. To develop coherent and policy relevant socio-ecological strategies, appropriate decision frameworks need to be co-developed across the range of stakeholders and decision-makers. Integrated models have great potential to support such a process.

A Systematic Review to Assess Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Interventions for Children and Adolescents across the Socioecological Model

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among children and adolescents is a determinant of childhood obesity. Many programs to reduce consumption across the socioecological model report significant positive results; however, the generalizability of the results, including whether reporting differences exist among socioecological strategy levels, is unknown. This systematic review aimed to examine the extent to which studies reported internal and external validity indicators defined by the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) model and assess reporting differences by socioecological level: Intrapersonal/interpersonal (Level 1), environmental/policy (Level 2), and multilevel (Combined Level). A systematic literature review was conducted in six major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl, CAB Abstracts, Education Research Information Center, and Arcola) to identify studies from 2004-2015 meeting inclusion criteria (children aged 3 to 12 years, adolescents aged 13 to 17 years, and young adults aged 18 years, experimental or quasiexperimental, and substantial SSB component). Interventions were categorized by socioecological level, and data were extracted using a validated RE-AIM protocol. One-way analysis of variance assessed differences between levels. There were 55 eligible studies accepted, including 21 Level 1, 18 Level 2, and 16 Combined Level studies. Thirty-six studies (65%) were conducted in the United States, 19 studies (35%) were conducted internationally, and 39 studies (71%) were implemented in schools. Across levels, reporting averages were low for all RE-AIM dimensions (reach=29%, efficacy or effectiveness=45%, adoption=26%, implementation=27%, and maintenance=14%). Level 2 studies had significantly lower reporting on reach and effectiveness (10% and 26%, respectively) compared with Level 1 (44% and 57%, respectively) or Combined Level studies (31% and 52%, respectively) (P<0.001). Adoption, implementation, and maintenance reporting did not vary among levels. Interventions to reduce SSB consumption in children and adolescents across the socioecological spectrum do not provide the necessary information for dissemination and implementation in community nutrition settings. Future interventions should address both internal and external validity to maximize population influence.

Turbulence in the Watchmaking Field: A Socioecological Approach to Strategizing

The Swiss Watchmaking Field is again entering a period of turbulence (Emery and Trist 1965) due to regulatory changes, the emergence of connected devices, volatile consumer behavior, currency changes, and relations among these factors that may challenge the capabilities for adaptation of key firms. Ramirez and Selsky (2014) suggested that in turbulent environments, a socio-ecological strategy approach emphasizing collaboration at a field level rather than competition is advisable. Based on multiple case study research, we empirically examine the application of contrasting strategic stances and principles comparing competitive strategy with the socio-ecological approach. We assess the presence of the transition, heterogeneity and subjectivity principles and how a coopetition strategic stance fares in the context of the Swiss Watchmaking Industry. We conclude by exploring new research venues.

Population genetic patterns among social groups of the endangered Central American spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) in a human-dominated landscape.

Spider monkeys (Genus: Ateles) are a widespread Neotropical primate with a highly plastic socioecological strategy. However, the Central American species, Ateles geoffroyi, was recently re-listed as endangered due to the accelerated loss of forest across the subcontinent. There is inconsistent evidence that spider monkey populations could persist when actively protected, but their long-term viability in unprotected, human-dominated landscapes is not known. We analyzed noninvasive genetic samples from 185 individuals in 14 putative social groups on the Rivas Isthmus in southwestern Nicaragua. We found evidence of weak but significant genetic structure in the mitochondrial control region and in eight nuclear microsatellite loci plus negative spatial autocorrelation in Fst and kinship. The overall pattern suggests strong localized mating and at least historical female-biased dispersal, as is expected for this species. Heterozygosity was significantly lower than expected under random mating and lower than that found in other spider monkey populations, possibly reflecting a recent decline in genetic diversity and a threat from inbreeding. We conclude that despite a long history of human disturbance on this landscape, spider monkeys were until recently successful at maintaining gene flow. We consider the recent decline to be further indication of accelerated anthropogenic disturbance, but also of an opportunity to conserve native biodiversity. Spider monkeys are one of many wildlife species in Central America that is threatened by land cover change, and an apt example of how landscape-scale conservation planning could be used to ensure long-term persistence.

An alternative socio-ecological strategy? International trade unions’ engagement with climate change

ABSTRACTIn the context of a global ecological crisis, it is an important move when trade unions turn to environmentalism. Yet, the form that this environmentalism takes is often overlooked. This is especially the case with international trade unions. Based on an empirical study of international trade unions’ engagement with the climate change issue, this article argues that international trade unions follow three different (and partially conflicting) strategies. I label these strategies as ‘deliberative’, ‘collaborative growth’ and ‘socialist’, and I examine each in turn. I argue that such analysis is important if we want to identify the potential for transforming the social relations of production that are at the root of the current climate crisis, and for identifying an alternative socio-ecological strategy.

A Framework for Physical Activity Programs Within School–Community Partnerships

School-community partnerships have shown their potential as incubators for innovations and for contributing to comprehensive physical activity (PA) programs. However, implementation frameworks for school-community partnerships that allow local tailoring of PA programs remain scarce. The present paper aims at documenting the composition of a framework for PA programs within schoolcommunity partnerships. The framework addresses socioecological strategies to promote extracurricular PA opportunities for pupils, which are integrated into five complementary components. To implement and reinforce the five components of the framework, involvement of schools, pupils, family, and community is facilitated by sustainable partnerships between these stakeholders. Partnerships are not only recommended on the school and community level, but also on a broader regional level that covers multiple communities. The development of the framework was an effort to integrate school-community partnerships into a flexible implementation framework for PA promotion. Implications of the framework for research agendas, professional education, and policy are formulated.

Liberal and Conservative Protestant Denominations as Different Socioecological Strategies

It is common to portray conservative and liberal Protestant denominations as “strong” and “weak” on the basis of indices such as church attendance. Alternatively, they can be regarded as qualitatively different cultural systems that coexist in a multiple-niche environment. We integrate these two perspectives with a study of American teenagers based on both one-time survey information and the experience sampling method (ESM), which records individual experience on a moment-by-moment basis. Conservative Protestant youth were found to be more satisfied, family-oriented, and sociable than liberal Protestant youth, but also more dependent on their social environment, which is reflected in a deterioration of their mood when they are alone. Liberal Protestant youth appear to have internalized values that remain constant whether in the presence or absence of others. We relate these results to the social scientific literature on liberalism and conservatism and to evolutionary theory as a framework for explaining cultural systems as adaptations to multiple-niche environments.