Socio-demographic Characteristics Of Mothers Research Articles

Relationship between awareness of digital game addiction, health literacy, and sociodemographic characteristics of mothers: A structural equation modeling analysis

AimMothers' digital game addiction awareness and their health literacy levels are critical factors for addiction prevention strategies in children. Therefore, the present study is significant. This study examines the relationship between awareness of digital game addiction, health literacy, and the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers. MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 457 mothers of children aged 5–11 years in Turkey. The data were collected using a personal information questionnaire, the Awareness of Digital Game Addiction Scale, and the Health Literacy Scale between May and September 2021. ResultsThis study revealed that mothers are highly aware of digital game addiction and have high health literacy. Furthermore, health literacy was determined to significantly and directly affect awareness of digital gaming addiction. Awareness of digital gaming addiction significantly and directly affects children owning their own technological devices and how much time mothers spend with their children. ConclusionThe study's results confirmed that mothers' health literacy had a positive and statistically significant effect on awareness of digital gaming addiction. As the health literacy levels of mothers increased, the internal and external awareness of digital gaming addiction increased. It is recommended to design intervention programs that increase mothers' awareness of digital game addiction. These programs should be planned according to the health literacy levels of mothers.

Factors affecting birth interval among mothers in Dabat district, Amhara Regional state, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study, 2022

IntroductionBirth interval is the time period from live birth to a successive pregnancy or successive live birth which is the recommended to be at least 2 years or at least 33 months respectively. Both short and long birth intervals are associated with poor health outcomes for both mothers and babies. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to assess the length of birth intervals and its predictors among reproductive-age women in Dabat district.Methods: community-based cross-sectional survey conducted from December 10/2020 to January 10/2021. This study was done on 1262 multi para women. Five days training was given for the data collectors and supervisors. Bivariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis were done. Those variables which had P-value less than 0.25 in the bi variable analysis were entered to multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and P-value less than 0.05 was used to determine significant determinants of birth interval. ResultThis study revealed that the magnitude of short and long birth interval was 30.59% and 22.82% respectively. Wealth status (poor: AOR = 0.72, CI: 0.53, 0.97), maternal education (Diploma and above: AOR = 2.79, CI: 1.18, 6.56), ANC follow up (having ante natal care: AOR = 2.15, CI: 1.72, 2.69), husband occupation (Employed: AOR = 1.77, CI: 1.03, 3.01) and history of abortion (abortion: AOR = 2.48, CI: 1.08, 5.66) were statistically significant factors. ConclusionHigher percentage of mothers have either short or long birth interval. Birth interval is affected by socio demographic characteristics of mothers and husbands.

Low birth weight and associated risk factors in neonates

Objective: To determine if there are any maternal factors that might be linked to low birth weight (LBW). Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital from January and March 2022 with 150 mothers who gave birth to babies who lived. Within 24 hours of being born, all babies were weighed. A birth weight of less than 2500 grams was thought to be low. All mothers were interviewed within 24 to 72 hours of giving birth, and the results were recorded. Results: There was significant differences (p<0.05) among socio demographic characteristics of mothers, except residence. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among maternal risk factors, except infant’s sex. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among disorders that associated with mothers. Conclusion: In Diyala province, LBW is linked to maternal socioeconomic status, risk factors, and disorders. Antenatal visits by well-educated and well-off women may decrease LBW.

Relationships Between Self-regulation and use of Parenting Strategies for Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors Among Mexican-Heritage Mothers

It is important to understand theoretically based support behaviors that can promote healthy eating and active living among Mexican-heritage mothers. This study examined the relationship between maternal self-regulation (the capacity to plan, guide, and monitor one’s behavior flexibly in the face of changing circumstances) and use of parenting strategies among mothers residing along the Texas-Mexico border. Mothers (n = 116) were recruited from three geographic regions within Hidalgo County, Texas. A 21-item survey was administered to measure self-regulation through goal setting and limit setting. The Parenting Strategies for Eating and Activity Scale (PEAS) was used to measure parenting strategies such as limit setting, discipline, monitoring, and control. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify relationships between self-regulation (goal setting and impulse control) and parenting strategies. Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers are also reported. On average mothers were 36 years old (SD = 7.44), married (82%), identified as Mexican (90%), and had fewer than 9 years of education (68%). Pearson correlations revealed goal setting to be positively associated with limit setting (r = .246, p < .001), control (r = .203, p = .03), and monitoring (r = .336, p < .001). Regression analyses revealed limit setting (β = .246, p < .001), control (β = .203, p = .03), and monitoring (β = .336, p < .001) as parenting strategies that were associated with goal setting (R2 = 0.12). Findings suggest that programs should include goal setting to facilitate use of parenting strategies to support healthy behaviors that promote healthy eating and physical activity. Emphasizing malleable behaviors rather than deficits in parenting strategies could allow for higher receptivity to behaviors that can promote health in a family context.

Current Food Behaviors and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6 to 24 Months in Douala (Cameroon)

Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies among infant and young children remain a public health problem in Cameroon. This study was designed to assess the current food behaviors and nutritional status of children aged 6 to 24 months in Douala (Cameroon). A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out for a period of 9 months at a Health Care Center and four district hospitals in Douala. The study was conducted among 333 children aged 6-24 months of both sexes together with their mothers or caregivers. Data were collected using a modified questionnaire developed by the FAO/WHO. Information on socio-demographic status, feeding habits and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Anthropometric measurements taken included weight, length, brachial perimeter and age. Subsequently, a blood sample was taken to measure the hemoglobin level in children whose mothers had given their consent, using the Hemocue Hb 301 method. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0. A P value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Z-score classifications for malnutrition: weight for length, length for age and weight for age were compared with reference data from WHO standards. This study showed that: only 19.53%, 27.33% and 30.6% respectively of the children had a high dietary diversity score, a high meal frequency. Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 22.52% and 26.43% of children were breastfed within one hour after birth. Furthermore, the study showed that, 25.8%, 23.1%, 27% and 35.1% of children were underweight, wasted, stunted and anemic respectively. Among them, 28.8% and 6.3% were suffering of mild anemia and moderate anemia respectively. Moreover, no significant relationship was observed between nutritional status of children and socio-demographic characteristics of mothers (P&gt;0.05). Some of the feeding practices were associated with poor nutritional status and could be improved with good nutrition education programs.

Evaluation of mothers' information regarding of the utilize of antibiotics for their children under five years of age

Background: Antibiotics are substances that stop germs from multiplying or growing. They are the drugs that are misused the most frequently, which has caused an increase in the number of germs that are resistant to antibiotics. Numerous studies have shown that moms have limited awareness of the use and negative effects of antibiotics. These women frequently use self-medication on their kids and rely on unreliable information from television, the internet, and their social networks..Objective: The research aims to assess the drug awareness of mothers about antibiotics in health care centers in the city of Hilla, and to Analyze the risk variables for antibiotic overuse among women who visited primary care facilities.Materials and Methods: For the purposes of the analysis, a complete summary empirical drafting the analysis was executed in the primary health care centers in the city of Hilla for the evaluation of mothers' knowledge on the administration of antibiotics to children under the age of five. A questionnaire used to measure the variables was developed, modified for our sample collection, and verified.. The instrument is divided into two parts, socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and questions to assess mother's knowledge. Chi-Square (π2) check: was used to determine the interaction between the knowledge of mother's about the use of antibiotics with other sample socio-demographic characteristics.Results: Less than two fifth (47.4%) of mother’s age were between (26-35) year and more than two third (72.2%) were rural. Regarding to Mother’s educational level, more than one quarter of sample (25.6%) were primary. More than half (53.4%) of mother were use antibiotics for their child without a prescription. More than three quarters 101 (75.9%) of mother were having poor knowledge.Conclusions and recommendations : The most participated mothers had inadequate knowledge. Also there is significant relationship between mother’s knowledge and educational level. Antibacterial drug control systems should be established, and restrict OTC sale of antibiotics. Another recommendation is to increase mothers awareness and provide health educational programs.

Determinants of Health Seeking Behaviours among Tribal Mothers having LBW Babies in a Rural District of Assam

Background: Health seeking behaviour of mothers plays an important part in the well-being of low birth weight (LBW) babies. Infant mortality is very high in Assam and care seeking behaviours of mothers influence the health outcomes of infants. Objective: This study was attempted with the objective of assessing the prevailing care seeking behaviours among mothers from tribal community for their LBW babies during their first year of life. Materials &amp; Methods: A cross section study was conducted among 112 tribal mothers of LBW babies in a rural block of Kamrup district of Assam. A predesigned pretested questionnaire was used to collect data among mothers of LBW babies after obtaining informed consent, regarding socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, feeding and care practices for LBW babies, knowledge on special care to LBW babies, health seeking behaviours of mothers. Collected data compiled, tabulated and analysed using appropriate software. Results: Our study found that 87.5% of mothers could recognize LBW condition. Most of them (84.8%) understood the need for special care to their LBW babies. Exclusive breastfeeding, good nutrition to mother and baby, Kangaroo Mother Care, delayed bathing were some of the special care practices adopted by our study population. In our study 30% mothers were found to be practising KMC. Conclusion: On analysis of determinants of health seeking behaviours we found that adequate exposure of mothers to mass media was significantly associated with appropriate health seeking behaviours. Keywords: Health seeking behaviours, Low birth weight, Tribal mothers, Breastfeeding, Kangaroo mother care

Exclusive Breastfeeding for at Least Four Months Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Mothers and Their Children after 2-5 Years from Delivery.

Introduction: Obesity is a current public health concern. Higher body weight is influenced by genetic and environmental parameters, and their interplay and is associated with a greater risk for several chronic diseases. Breastfeeding has been suggested as a preventive measure against obesity, which can further reduce long-term negative health outcomes for both women and children. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of breastfeeding on maternal and childhood overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 2515 healthy mothers and their children, aged 2–5 years, enrolled from nine different Greek rural and urban regions. Validated, standardized questionnaires were administrated that included anthropometric indices, socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children, as well as breastfeeding practices. Results: Overall, 68% of participated women exclusively breastfed their children for at least 4 months. Mothers that exclusively breastfed showed a significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity after 2–5 years from delivery (p < 0.0001). Children that had exclusively been breastfed showed a significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity at the age of 2–5 years (p < 0.0001). Using multivariate regression analysis, exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months was associated with a two-fold lower risk for maternal and childhood overweight and obesity after 2–5 years from delivery, independent from maternal age, educational and economic status, and smoking habits (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months had a positive effect on childhood overweight and obesity, also contributing beneficially to post-natal maternal weight control. The beneficial effects of breastfeeding should be communicated to future and new mothers, while supportive actions for all mothers to initiate and continue breastfeeding their offspring should be implemented.

Challenges of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Women in a Teaching Hospital South East, Nigeria

This research work seeks to investigate the challenges of exclusive breastfeeding among working class mothers in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Anambra State Nigeria. The objective of the present study is to investigate the attitude of working mothers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi North L.G.A., Anambra State, Nigeria. The study unravel those socio-economic determinates of exclusive breastfeeding among working mother's in Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi in order to give recommendations that will help improve the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Descriptive survey design was used in the study. Descriptive survey method was used to observe, describe and document aspects of the attitude of working class mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding. Data from the survey was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 12.0). 120 mothers participated in this study; they were selected based on the inclusion criteria and their availability at the time of the survey. Socio-demographic characteristics of mothers were presented in a cross-tabulation.

Screening of group B Streptococcus infection in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in the province of Trento, Italy.

The study analyzes the trend of group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in pregnancy in the province of Trento, Italy, where a universal screening of GBS infection in pregnancy has been active for some time. Data from pregnant women who gave birth at local maternity units between 2015-2019 were obtained from birth attendance certificates (BAC), the main - and mandatory - source of information for monitoring pregnancies, births and neonatal health in Italy. The BAC used in the province of Trento acquires the results of a vast range of infections in pregnancy. The data collected from the BAC were integrated with those provided by the Hospital Information System (SIO). The occurrence of neonatal GBS infection was investigated on 2019 birth cohort, using the hospital discharge archive as an ancillary information source. Between 2015-2019, 20,905 pregnant women received care at maternity units of the province of Trento, Italy, of whom 25.5% were foreigners. The average coverage of GBS testing in pregnancy was 91.8% (95% CI 91.25-92.35) without significant variations from one year to the next. Test coverage varies in relation to maternity units and some socio-demographic characteristics of mothers. The average proportion of GBS positive cases over the study period was 21.0% (95% CI 20.7-21.3), a value that does not show statistically significant changes from one year to the next. The proportion of positive cases appears uneven among the subgroups of pregnant women considered, even if the differences are not statistically significant. In the 2019 birth cohort, newborns to GBS-positive mothers had an excess of stillbirths, of those born with Apgar at 5 minutes <7 and hospitalized at birth. However, these excesses were not statistically significant. Intravenous Antibiotic Prophylaxis (IAP) was performed in 86.8% of births from GBS positive mothers who had an indication for IAP. IAP was inadequate in 7.4% of the GBS positive mothers. Postnatal evaluation of 783 live births to GBS positive mothers identified 3 cases of early neonatal GBS infection. The incidence of neonatal GBS infection over the whole series of live births is 0.71/1,000 (95% CI 0.56-0.86), 0.68/1000 (CI 95% 0.55-0.79) in Italians and 1.07/1000 (95% CI 0.45-1.65) in foreigners. Data collection on infections in pregnancy through BAC allows area-based assessment. The quality of the data recorded in the BAC can be considered satisfactory but it was necessary to access to other information sources. The local availability of various information sources should allow periodic audits and closer monitoring of neonatal GBS infection.

Parental behaviour in choosing snacks for children aged six to ten: the role of mothers' nutritional awareness

PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate the role of mothers in administering afternoon snacks to children aged between 6 and 10. Through an exploratory analysis, this study aims at identifying how sociodemographic characteristics of mothers and children and objective and subjective nutritional awareness of the parent influences healthy or unhealthy food choices for the children.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was submitted to 242 mothers of children attending primary school. Non-parametric correlation using Spearman's coefficient was adopted as an exploratory analysis tool.FindingsThe analysis shows that the mothers' level of education and income influence the purchase of snack products. More permissive parents tend to be less well-off, have more than one child and also purchase sweet treats, salty snacks, and sugary drinks more frequently. Furthermore, the results show that parents' perceived subjective awareness is actually lower than their objective awareness, but also that both types of knowledge positively influence the purchase of healthy snacks.Originality/valueThere is extensive research documenting the importance of parents in reducing the risk of obesity; however, their influence on snack intake has not been widely discussed. Furthermore, the association between the occurrence of obesity and parents' behaviour regarding their children's snacking remains unclear. To bridge this gap, this study focuses on a meal which is often linked to poor eating habits: the afternoon snack.

Association between type of birth attendants and neonatal mortality: Evidence from a National survey.

Although Lesotho has one of the highest childhood mortality levels in Southern Africa, there has been limited research on the link between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality in Lesotho. This study examined the relationship between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality while controlling for socio-demographic characteristics of mothers in Lesotho. The study used data from the children's file of 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey data. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate neonatal mortality rate and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the association between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality. Result shows that 5.3% of all births attended to by non-SBAs resulted into neonatal mortality compared to 2.8% of those attended to by SBA. Result further shows that regardless of socio-demographic characteristics, the risks of neonatal mortality were significantly higher with non-SBAs compared to SBA in Lesotho (HR: 2.00, CI: 1.31-3.06). The risk of neonatal mortality is two times higher among children delivered by Non-SBA. Scale-up in access and uptake of SBA is recommended in Lesotho. Thus, Policy on scale-up access to SBA at delivery at no costs need to be put in place.

Psychological correlates of parental burnout in hearing mothers of deaf children: personality, satisfaction with life, and posttraumatic growth

A child’s disability is a risk factor for its parents experiencing parental burnout (PB). Here we investigate this problem in hearing mothers of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children. We look at the psychological dimension of the mothers’ personality in terms of the Big Five model, satisfaction with life (SWL), and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The study takes account of the sociodemographics of the mothers and their children and other factors related to the child’s deafness and their type of hearing assistance. The study was conducted through letters sent to 559 hearing mothers of which 29% responded. Responding mothers completed several questionnaires: the Parental Burnout Measure (PBM-12), International Personality Item Pool–Big Five Markers-20 (IPIP-BFM-20), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and a general questionnaire. A VAS scale was used to assess SWL and satisfaction with the child’s rehabilitation.Results showed that the level of PB the mothers experienced was significantly lower than in mothers of children with non-deafness disabilities. SWL and emotional stability, intellect/imagination, agreeableness, extraversion, and satisfaction with the child’s rehabilitation were inversely correlated with PB, but only SWL and emotional stability were significant PB predictors. PTG in the mothers was at an average level and not correlated with PB. Similarly, the sociodemographic characteristics of mother and child and child’s deafness-related factors were not correlated with PB. Low levels of emotional stability and SWL are associated with vulnerability of the mothers to PB. Our finding of a lack of relationship between PB and PTG suggest that some mothers of deaf children may experience “illusory PTG”, which is related to avoidance-oriented coping strategies including denial coping.

Mothers’ Care regarding Primary School Children with Primary Headache

Background: Primary headache is the most frequent neurological symptom and commonest manifestation of pain in children, between 30-40% of children report headaches at least weekly with subsequent impact at home and on school attendance and performance. The study aimed to assess mothers’ knowledge and care regarding primary school children with primary headache. Research design: A descriptive research design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted at Pediatric Outpatient Clinics in Benha University Hospital. Sample: A purposive sample was used, it included 236 mothers accompanied with their children Tools: A structured interviewing questionnaire was used, it was consisted of three parts: Part I; a) socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, b) personal characteristics of children, c) medical history of children. Part II; Mothers’ knowledge regarding their children with primary headache. Part III; Mothers practices regarding their children with primary headache. Results: 57.2%of studied mothers aged from 20-30 years and 46.2% of them had basic education. 43.2% of mothers had average knowledge about primary headache, 59.7% of mothers had unsatisfactory practices about their children primary headache. Conclusion: There were statistically significant relations between mothers' total knowledge; total practice and their demographic characteristics. Also, there was significant relation between total mothers' practice and total knowledge. Recommendations: Health education program should be implemented at pediatric outpatient clinics to improve mothers' knowledge and practices regarding their children with primary headache.

Temporal trends in between and within-country inequalities in caesarean delivery in low- and middle-income countries: a Bayesian analysis.

To provide updated information about between-country variations, temporal trends and changes in inequalities within countries in caesarean delivery (CD) rates. Cross-sectional study of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) during 1990-2018. 74 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Women 15-49years of age who had live births in the last 3years. Bayesian linear regression analysis was performed and absolute differences were calculated. Population-level CD by countries and sociodemographic characteristics of mothers over time. CD rates, based on the latest DHS rounds, varied substantially between the study countries, from 1.5% (95% CI 1.1-1.9%) in Madagascar to 58.9% (95% CI 56.0-61.6%) in the Dominican Republic. Of 62 LMICs with at least two surveys, 57 countries showed a rise in CD during 1990-2018, with the greatest increase in Sierra Leone (19.3%). Large variations in CD rates were observed across mother's wealth, residence, education and age, with a higher rate of CD by the richest and urban mothers. These inequalities have widened in many countries. Stratified analyses suggest greater provisioning of CD by the richest mothers in private facilities and poorest mothers in public facilities. CD rates varied substantially across geographical locations and over time, irrespective of public or private health facilities. Changes in CD rates continue across wealth, place of residence, education, and age of mother, and are widening in most study countries. Increasing caesarean delivery rates were greater among the richest and urban mothers than their counterparts, with widened gaps in LMICs.

Home Health Care for the Children with Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an Inflammation of the lung parenchyma and it is one of the leading cause of mortality in children aged less than five years. Aim: assess home Health Care for the Children with Pneumonia. Research design: A Descriptive design was conducted for this study. Setting: pediatric outpatient clinicat el Rahmanya hospital at el Bauhira Governorate, M.C.H center affiliated to hospital and home visiting. Sample: a purposive sample composed of 315 children diagnosed with pneumonia. Tools: first tool: An interviewing questionnaire to assess a) socio demographic characteristics of mothers, b) demographic characteristics of children c) mothers’ knowledge d) mothers’ behavior e) mothers’ practice. Second tool, consisted of Home environmental observational checklist. Third tool, physical assessment sheet to assess growth and development and vital signs. Results: More than two fourths of studied mothers had poor knowledge. More than three fourths of studied mothers had a negative behavior. More than half of studied mothers had unsatisfactory level of practice .About three fourths of families had problems in home environment. Conclusion: there was highly statistically significant relation between mother’s knowledge about pneumonia and their socio demographic characteristics (age, educational level and occupation). Also, there was highly statistically significant relation between mother’s knowledge and their practice. Moreover, there was highly statistically significant relation between mother’s knowledge and their environmental health problems. Recommendations: Use of active teaching and learning strategies for mothers and Training needs could be extended to nursing staff

Some socio-demographic characteristics of mothers in North Macedonia

Some socio-demographic characteristics of mothers in North Macedonia

Twenty-five-year trends in breastfeeding initiation: The effects of sociodemographic changes in Great Britain, 1985-2010

BackgroundData from the UK Infant Feeding Surveys indicate that breastfeeding initiation increased between 1985 and 2010. During this period, societal changes in GB also influenced the sociodemographic characteristics of women in the childbearing population. As breastfeeding behaviour is highly socially patterned in GB, the increasing trend in breastfeeding initiation may have hidden inequalities in breastfeeding practices. This study examines the sociodemographic inequalities in breastfeeding initiation in GB between 1985 and 2010, exploring whether and how this may have been influenced by social and policy changes.MethodsData drawn from the nationally representative 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Infant Feeding Surveys were used to estimate changes in the proportion of mothers in selected sociodemographic groups over time. Logistic regression models estimated the independent associations between breastfeeding initiation in each survey year and maternal sociodemographic characteristics. Associations were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic, pregnancy-related and support factors. Evidence of a change in the association between breastfeeding initiation and each sociodemographic characteristic over time was assessed using a test for statistical heterogeneity.ResultsThe sociodemographic characteristics of mothers in GB changed substantially between 1985 and 2010. Mothers were increasingly more likely to be 30 or over; have higher education and socioeconomic status; and be single or cohabiting. An increasing proportion of mothers in GB identified as being of black or minority ethnic origin. Reported smoking in pregnancy declined. These same characteristics independently predicted higher odds of breastfeeding initiation; the associations between these characteristics and breastfeeding initiation did not vary significantly over time.ConclusionsMarked inequalities in breastfeeding initiation persisted over the study period, hidden among the increasing initiation rate at the population level. The increasing overall rate of initiation was most likely driven by the rising prevalence of those groups of mothers who were, and remain, characteristically most likely to breastfeed.

Associated Factors to Nutritional Status and Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices in Rural Area of Burkina Faso: A Study in Ouargaye Health District

Although the global trend of malnutrition among children under five is declining, it remains a major public health problem in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. IYCF are major determinants of nutritional status and hence health and child survival. Material and Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study in primary health care centers randomly selected. The objectives of this work were to analyze associated factors to children’s nutritional status and child feeding. The Z-scores (WHO, 2006) were used to determine nutritional’s status of the children. The quality of feeding practices was assessed according to IYCF index. Results: In total, we surveyed 287 children. The average age of children was 10.87 months. The sex ratio was at 1:11. Among children, the prevalence of underweight was 19.2%, that of stunting 31.2% and that of wasting 10.1%. Multigravidity was the predictive risk factor related to underweight in children. Practice of EBF was associated with Z-score Height/Age (p=0.04). The majority (70%) of children had a good score of IYCF index. Among children aged 9–12 months, the Z-score Height/Age (p=0.04) and Z-score Weight/Height (p=0.001) were associated with IYCF index in univariate analysis. For those with at least 12 months of age, sex ant type of habit was the predictive risk factors associated to IYCF index. Conclusion: Malnutrition is common in children. Feeding practices are good and are not associated with sociodemographic characteristics of mothers. IYCF index score decreases with age and is lower after 12 months.

Prevalence and factors associated with incomplete immunization of children (12\u201323\xa0months) in Kwabre East District, Ashanti Region, Ghana

BackgroundChildhood immunization is one of the most cost effective health interventions but its rate has been declining recently in Ghana. Information on immunization coverage and determinants is needed to improve immunization programmes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with incomplete immunization of children (12–23 months) in Kwabre East District, Ghana.MethodsA cross-sectional, community-based survey involving 322 children and their mothers was carried out. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, childhood immunization history and mothers’ knowledge and practices of immunization using a structured questionnaire. Children were classified as incompletely immunized if they failed to receive at least one of 8 vaccine doses: - one dose of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), 3 doses each of pentavalent, 3 doses of polio and one dose of measles per WHO/UNICEF definition. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with incomplete immunisation.ResultsThe prevalence of incomplete immunization was low (15.5%) suggesting high immunisation coverage but the coverage of the second measles dose, taken at 18 months of age, was the lowest (23.9%). Most of the mothers knew the importance of immunisation (95.7%) and at least one vaccine-preventable disease or symptom (84.9%). Two factors associated with incomplete immunisation in bivariate analyses (community of residence, and mother’s knowledge of number of oral polio vaccines given to children) were no longer significant in a logistic regression model. Compared to children in Aboaso, children in Gyamfi Wonoo (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 0.80–4.08), Mamponteng (Bonwunu) (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.24–1.48) and Mamponteng (Town) (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.26–1.55) had similar odds of incomplete immunisation. Similarly, mother’s lack of knowledge of the number of doses of polio vaccine given to children had no effect on the odds of incomplete immunisation (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.22–1.26).ConclusionsImmunization coverage is high in the Kwabre East district but very few children received the second measles dose. None of the maternal and child factors assessed is associated with immunisation coverage. Further research is needed to identify the determinants of immunisation coverage and the reasons for the low uptake of second measles dose in the study area.