Socio-cultural Dynamics Research Articles

A qualitative study on the perspectives of prenatal breastfeeding educational classes in Ireland: Implications for maternal breastfeeding decisions.

Breastfeeding, acknowledged for its critical health benefits for both infants and mothers, remains markedly underutilized in Ireland, which reports the lowest breastfeeding rates in Europe. Recent data indicate that fewer than 60% of Irish mothers initiate breastfeeding at birth, with this rate precipitously declining in the subsequent weeks postpartum. Various sociocultural, psychological, and educational elements, such as prenatal breastfeeding education, influence this persistently low prevalence. This descriptive qualitative study explores the perspectives of mothers and healthcare professionals, specifically midwives and lactation consultants, on prenatal breastfeeding education classes in Ireland and how they influence mothers' breastfeeding decisions. A qualitative descriptive methodology was employed, utilizing online semi-structured interviews with midwives, lactation consultants (n = 10), and postnatal mothers (n = 20) from four tertiary hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. The data were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis, adhering to the six-step process of thematic analysis, to extrapolate and analyse the interview transcriptions. NVivo software was used to facilitate this analysis, given its robust capabilities in organizing, coding, and retrieving qualitative data efficiently. Four criteria for qualitative research were also used to enhance analytical rigor. Prenatal breastfeeding education in Ireland often presents breastfeeding in an idealized way, resulting in a gap between mothers' expectations and their actual experiences. Participants needed practical content that included realistic scenarios and breastfeeding benefits. Additionally, findings indicate a desire for a more interactive and personalized educational model to address expectant mothers' unique needs better. Limitations of the virtual class format were also highlighted, with participants noting the potential for technology to improve engagement and personalization. The data further underscore the need for consistency and accuracy in breastfeeding education, with participants identifying standardized approaches and awareness of socio-cultural dynamics, including partner involvement, as essential elements in effective prenatal breastfeeding education. This study underscores the necessity for a more realistic, interactive, and standardized approach to prenatal breastfeeding education in Ireland. Current classes often set idealized expectations that may leave mothers feeling unprepared for breastfeeding's real-life challenges. Addressing these gaps by integrating practical scenarios, enhancing technological tools for virtual classes, and incorporating socio-cultural considerations could improve breastfeeding education and maternal outcomes. This qualitative descriptive study highlights a disconnect between educational objectives and mothers' actual experiences, advocating for a holistic approach that includes personalized, culturally sensitive support and comprehensive training for healthcare providers.

A study of universal values of sports in high schools based on ethnicity

Problems: Sports in high school are not just physical exercise; they also teach values that will shape students' behavior and personalities in the future. Sports shape one's character and ethics significantly through teaching universal values such as discipline, sportsmanship, honesty, and teamwork. Due to its diverse ethnic population, Indonesia faces its own difficulties in incorporating the universal values of sports into its education system. Purpose: Therefore, it is important to conduct research on the universal values of sports at the high school level from an ethnic perspective to understand the socio-cultural dynamics that occur in Indonesia. Methods: The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The study involved 261 high school student respondents, consisting of 97 Lampung ethnicities and 164 non-Lampung ethnicities, aged between 14 and 18 years. The instrument was to measure the universal values of sport, which consisted of six assessed components. Results: Analysis of the Mann-Whitney u test showed that the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.325 was greater than 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference in the distribution of universal sports values between the two ethnic groups Lampung and Non-Lampung. Conclusion: Following up on the findings of this study, diverse cultural perspectives are essential for educational programs and approaches objectives, methods, and research results.

Confucian modernity in the architecture of Penang's Chinese community

This article investigates the distinctive architectural landscape of the Chinese community in Penang, emphasising the historical and cultural significance of structures such as Chung Ling High School in the early twentieth century. It explores how these edifices, often labelled as ‘architecture without architects’, epitomise a confluence of Chinese and Western influences, reflecting the concepts of Confucian modernity. The analysis critiques conventional interpretations of architectural modernity by underscoring the socio-spatial contexts and grassroots construction processes that define these buildings. It examines how these structures function as mediums for cultural exchange and societal transformation, shedding light on the hybrid identity and communal cohesion of the Chinese diaspora in Penang. Through a comprehensive analysis of the architectural evolution and the socio-cultural dynamics within the local Chinese community, the article seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of how architecture contributes to shaping the dynamics of China-Penang relations. By doing so, it challenges singular meta-narratives and emphasises the importance of comprehending local architectural history through diverse interactions. Furthermore, it serves as a call for re-evaluation and critical examination of the history of overseas Chinese architecture within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Yuhuangmiao: the socio-cultural dynamics of a community between the steppes and the Chinese plains

The Yuhuangmiao culture emerged around the 7th to the 4th centuries BCE in northeastern China near Beijing. The burial ritual with stone layers, numerous animal deposits, and the material culture indicate a strong steppe connection. It is often used to support the narratives in the Chinese historical texts that people living in the area had a distinctive lifestyle from those in the southern, agricultural-based communities and that the two groups often had a hostile relationship. Based on the cemetery of Yuhuangmiao, we focus in our case study on the socio-cultural dynamics over time in communities of a small region between the steppes and the Chinese Central Plains and in confrontation with very different neighbors to the south and the northwest. We use a seriation and correspondence-based approach to propose a new chronology for three sites. The duration of the sites is divided into three phases, with a total span of around 200 years between 600 and 400 BCE. Our results show that the changes in the burial ritual and material culture reflect a community’s internal development and external communication with other regions. Based on our chronology, the elite members of the Yuhuangmiao community used objects with steppe designs and horses to express their identities and social power. This practice was most prominent in the first phase and waned over time. We suggest reconsidering previous interpretations of these practices as a decline of the Yuhuangmiao people and view it instead as an expression of intra-community changes, possibly as an indicator of a successful integration of a community with foreign immigrants in an area located between two very different systems: of the steppes and the Central Plains.

Community perspective analysis of Yogyakarta special region using K-means algorithm

This study explores community perspectives on Yogyakarta, a culturally rich region in Indonesia known as "Jogja Istimewa," "Student City," and "City of Tourism." Given the potential challenges faced by the region, the research employs the K-Means Algorithm to analyze opinions gathered from Twitter, offering a novel alternative to traditional surveys. Using a data crawling method, relevant tweets about Yogyakarta were collected and processed through preprocessing and TF-IDF to enhance word significance. The findings reveal diverse community views regarding job opportunities, culture, tourism, religious activities, stakeholder involvement, and security. The application of K-Means clustering effectively highlights the multifaceted perspectives of Yogyakarta's residents, providing valuable insights for understanding the region’s socio-cultural dynamics.

Factors contributing to the decline of Animere Language in Ghana

The study aimed to explore the factors contributing to the decline of the Animere language in Ghana by delving into its historical context, linguistic features, cultural significance, and the broader socio-economic dynamics at play. Employing a qualitative research design, the study conducted in-depth interviews with ten respondents from the Animere-speaking community, structuring the interview guide into four sections to focus on specific aspects of the Animere language. Through thematic analysis, the research identified several factors contributing to the language's decline, including external influences like media and education, internal community dynamics, generational shifts, and socio-economic motivations, while also highlighting the deep cultural significance of the language and its role in shaping the identity of its speakers. The study acknowledged limitations in its sample size and geographical scope, primarily focusing on specific regions where Animere speakers reside, suggesting that future research could benefit from a larger sample and a more diverse geographical representation. The findings underscore the need for educational reforms, media engagement, community initiatives, policy interventions, and economic incentives to address the decline of the Animere language. It calls for collaborative efforts involving educators, policymakers, community leaders, and media professionals to rejuvenate and celebrate the rich linguistic heritage of Animere. This research offers a comprehensive exploration of the decline of the Animere language, bridging the gap between linguistic research and socio-cultural dynamics, and provides valuable insights for linguists, anthropologists, policymakers, and community leaders interested in language preservation and cultural heritage.

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ENCOURAGING GOALS ATTAINMENT IN THE SOCIETY

The main drivers of women's entrepreneurship span from entrepreneurial framework conditions, socio-cultural influences, gender-specific challenges, and economic contributions to innovation and sustainability. This paper examines the effects of the above elements on growth, resilience, and sustainability in women-owned enterprises through a thematic analysis of empirical studies that investigate how these different aspects have influenced the development of women-owned enterprises. Some findings also show that women entrepreneurs face specific obstacles in establishing and sustaining enterprises, scaled by constraints in accessing finance, induced biases by gender conditions, and inadequacy in managerial training. However, supportive socio-cultural dynamics, the adoption of digital technologies, and targeted policy frameworks have been imperative to foster entrepreneurial success. This study takes cognizance of the role played by women entrepreneurs from an economic and social perspective. This role was targeted to reduce poverty and enhance community development to strategically achieve both Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1-(Poverty Reduction) and SDG 8-(Economic Growth). The theoretical framework for the study is ‘social feminist theory’, which postulates that patriarchal structures in society are one of the avenues for unequal distribution of resources, power, and decision-making, thus shaping the female gender's actions in entrepreneurship. The policy recommendations for this study include identifying enhanced financial access, and digital transformation among others.

Reconsidering the Vaddas of Sri Lanka: Biological and cultural continuity, and misconceptions

This paper aims to re-examine key scholarly works pertaining to the Sri Lankan Vadda, an indigenous community of the island, in order to explore extant research of the said community. Despite considerable progress, lingering misunderstandings and uncertainties persist regarding their origins, connections to prehistoric populations, affiliations with contemporary ethnic groups, and the interrelationships among different Vadda communities across the island. Furthermore, uncertainties persist regarding the authenticity of Vadda skeletal remains and the adequacy of archaeological samples, which often suffer from fragmentation and incompleteness. It is this archaeological sample that has been used to draw conclusions about the cultural and biological continuity of the Mesolithic population or the Balangoda man (Homo sapiens balangodensis) with the Vaddas and the modern populations of the island, thus perhaps distorting interpretations. Similarly, this study underscores concerns regarding the representation of modern samples collected from diverse Vadda clans inhabiting various ecological zones and engaging in different subsistence practices, potentially skewing the conclusions of preceding research. In this study, fresh ethnoarchaeological data are used to examine some misconceptions prevailing about the Warugas (clans) as well as the use of the term Wanniyalaetto as a synonym for Vaddas. Given the rapid acculturation of Vaddas, there is a pressing need for continued interdisciplinary investigations into the Vadda communities, encompassing different Warugas and geographic regions, to ensure a better understanding of their socio-cultural dynamics with the aim of enhanced insight into their evolutionary pathways.

Habitability for a connected, unequal and changing world

As global climate change intensifies, the question of what makes a place habitable or uninhabitable is critical, particularly in the context of a potential future climate outside the realm of lived experience, and the possible concurrent redistribution of populations partly associated with such climatic shifts. The concept of habitability holds the potential for advancing the understanding of the societal consequences of climate change, as well as for integrating systemic understandings and rights-based approaches. However, most ways of analyzing habitability have shortcomings in terms of in-depth integration of socio-cultural aspects and human agency in shaping habitability, in failing to address spatial inequalities and power dynamics, and in an underemphasis of the connectedness of places. Here we elaborate habitability as an emergent property of the relations between people and a given place that results from people’s interactions with the material and immaterial properties of a place. From this, we identify four axes that are necessary to go beyond environmental changes, and to encompass socio-cultural, economic, and political dynamics: First the processes that influence habitability require a systemic approach, viewing habitability as an outcome of ecological, economic, and political processes. Second, the role of socio-cultural dimensions of habitability requires special consideration, given their own operational logics and functioning of social systems. Third, habitability is not the same for everyone, thus a comprehensive understanding of habitability requires an intersectionally differentiated view on social inequalities. Forth, the influence of external factors necessitates a spatially relational perspective on places in the context of their connections to distant places across scales. We identify key principles that should guide an equitable and responsible research agenda on habitability. Analysis should be based on disciplinary and methodological pluralism and the inclusion of local perspectives. Habitability action should integrate local perspectives with measures that go beyond purely subjective assessments. And habitability should consider the role of powerful actors, while staying engaged with ethical questions of who defines and enacts the future of any given place.

Analysing the impact of legal and procedural frameworks on the socio-cultural and political dynamics of extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances

The remains of unlawfully killed individuals can provide evidence concerning human rights violations. The intricate challenges of extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances can complicate legal and procedural processes. These cases often present indicators of suspicious circumstances, necessitating specialised investigative approaches to ascertain the circumstance and cause of death as well as potential human rights violations. This review explores the legal and procedural dimensions of handling the remains of individuals who have been unlawfully killed, critically examining the implementation of legal instruments and their impact on the socio-cultural and political landscape regarding cases of extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances. This study utilised a Python-based web scraper, with an HTML parsing library to aggregate articles on three themes of 1) International law, humanitarian law and laws protecting human remains 2), protection of human remains in cases of extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances and 3), Considerations of socio-cultural, psychosocial factors in the protection of human remains and institutional failures. The programming-based method for locating articles is innovative, and the search covered both English and Spanish languages. This review establishes the tension between psychosocial/cultural requirements and legal practice, and describes community mechanisms such as social services, mental health support for affected families, and citizen initiatives. By emphasising the gap between legal standards and practical execution, the study highlights the need to refine legal guidance and strengthen procedural compliance to uphold the dignity of the deceased and ensure accountability for violations of the right to life.

Non-destructive investigations at Neolithic tell-centered settlement complexes on the Great Hungarian Plain

AbstractIn Southeast Europe, recent years have witnessed a notable shift in scholarly focus related to prehistoric tell sites, expanding to encompass both their immediate surroundings and broader contexts. This shift has coincided with, and to a large extent has been generated by, significant methodological advancements in an array of non-invasive methods, including particularly magnetic prospection. This paper presents the methodology and results of an integrated set of non-destructive investigations conducted at Battonya-Parázs-tanya, a Middle/Late Neolithic settlement located in the southeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain. In addition to various map sources, magnetometry, LiDAR, thermal and multispectral imaging, and surface survey were utilized at this tell-centered settlement complex to locate old excavation blocks and gain insights into settlement size, layout, and land use. Our data indicates that Battonya-Parázs-tanya spanned approximately 110 ha, with two primary ditches surrounding the tell and indications of a possible third enclosure, suggesting significant human alterations to the local landscape. This study underscores the importance of integrating multiple non-invasive techniques to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the organizational complexities of and variations in large Neolithic settlements, thereby shedding light on socio-cultural dynamics that shaped them.

The Impacts of Perceived Safety and Service Quality on Perceived Accessibility by Public Transport in Melbourne

In recent years, accessibility to services and activities using sustainable transport modes has become an important goal for land use and transport planning policies. Traditional approaches rely on objective measures, such as travel time, distance, costs, and other spatial data, overlooking personal preferences, experiences, demographic features, and socio-cultural and economic dynamics. Attributes that affect perceptions of accessibility require attention but our understanding of the factors influencing perceived accessibility is inadequate, particularly in Australia’s expanding suburbs. Through a literature review and questionnaire surveys, this study aims to take into account various travel characteristics and enhance the understanding of how perceived safety and service quality impact mobility behaviour and perceived accessibility within the Australian context. The study found that perceived safety and service quality have significant impacts on perceived accessibility and hence influence the use of public transport. We have identified critical factors that require proper consideration in transport and land use planning and policies to enable a better contribution from public transport to the liveability and well-being of residents in Australian suburbs.

The Rajah Tradition: Cultural Identity and Spiritual Practices within an Islamic Context

This study aims to explore the rajah tradition in Kebon Panjang Village, examining its role as both a cultural artefact and a spiritual medium, and understanding how it reflects the intersection between local customs and Islamic values. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological framework was employed, allowing an in-depth exploration of the rajah tradition through interviews, participant observation, and literature review. Data were gathered from both primary sources, such as community leaders and practitioners, and secondary sources, including academic articles and books on amulets and traditional practices. The findings reveal that rajah serves multiple purposes, including protection, blessing, healing, and authority enhancement. It acts as a cultural bridge between traditional beliefs and Islamic spirituality, illustrating how local customs adapt to fit modern religious frameworks. The study also identifies the dual perception of rajah within the community—some view it as a form of Islamic devotion, while others approach it with caution, concerned about potential contradictions with orthodox Islamic teachings. This study provides insights into the sociocultural dynamics of spiritual practices, highlighting the community’s pragmatic approach to religious and cultural identity. The findings suggest that rajah contributes to social cohesion, emotional support, and cultural preservation, offering a model for similar cultural practices in other regions to adapt in the face of religious and modern influences. This research contributes to the literature on amulets and spiritual artefacts by examining rajah within the unique socio-religious context of an Indonesian village, offering a nuanced understanding of how traditional practices coexist and evolve alongside mainstream religious beliefs. The study underscores the significance of rajah as both a symbol of cultural resilience and a tool for spiritual assurance.

The Impact of Designating a Sports Area in Sena Village, Batang Kuis District, Deli Serdang Regency on Regional Development

This study examines the impact of designating a sports area in Sena Village, Batang Kuis District, Deli Serdang Regency, on local regional development. The development of a sports area has significant potential to drive local economic growth, improve the quality of life for residents, and create new job and business opportunities. The study aims to identify the extent to which the presence of the sports area influences various aspects of regional development, including infrastructure, economy, and socio-cultural dynamics. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected through field observations, interviews with various stakeholders, including local residents, regional government officials, and local business owners, as well as relevant literature reviews. Additionally, data analysis was conducted to understand the relationship between the development of the sports area and its impact on regional development. The results indicate that the designation of the sports area in Sena Village has had a significant positive impact on regional development. Infrastructure around the area has improved, including roads, transportation, and public facilities that support accessibility to the sports area. Economic impact is evident from the increase in local tourist visits, which has led to higher incomes for the community, especially in the small and medium enterprise sectors. Furthermore, the sports area has contributed to an increase in social and cultural activities within the community, with numerous sports events and festivals held regularly.

A Comparative Study of the Translated Arabic Versions of the Novel ‘To the Lighthouse’ under Feminist Translation Theory

This paper, A Comparative Study of the Translated Arabic Versions of the Novel to the Lighthouse under Feminist Translation Theory, examines the influence of feminist translation theory on the interpretation of Virginia Woolf’s iconic novel. It focuses on two Arabic translations, both completed by female translators, to investigate how gender, cultural context, and personal experiences shape the depiction of Woolf’s female characters and the feminist themes central to her work. The study delves into the translators’ individual backgrounds and feminist ideologies, exploring how their perspectives and the sociocultural dynamics of the Arab world influence translation decisions. By analyzing shifts in language, tone, and narrative emphasis, it reveals how these translations navigate the challenges of preserving Woolf’s feminist voice while resonating within the framework of Arabic literary traditions. The paper also investigates the interplay between power relations, societal norms, and translation strategies, highlighting the translators’ efforts to balance fidelity to the original text with cultural relevance. It emphasizes the complexities involved in translating feminist viewpoints into a linguistic and cultural context where gender discourse often intersects with deeply rooted societal structures. Through this lens, the study underscores the transformative potential of feminist translation theory in reinterpreting literature, challenging patriarchal narratives, and enriching cross-cultural dialogue. By bridging feminist theory and translation studies, this research contributes valuable insights into the evolving role of gender in literary interpretation and cross-cultural communication.

Enacting policy change in Jordanian public schools: interrogating the reproductive habitus of Al Faza’a leadership

ABSTRACT An extensive longitudinal study examining the enactment of Jordan’s Education Reform for Knowledge Economy (ERfKE) policy in public schools uncovered the pervasive influence of Al-Faza’a leadership, which is deeply rooted in tribal values of solidarity and kinship. This article analyses Al-Faza’a leadership as a culturally potent force that profoundly challenges policy change for education reform. Through a sociological study guided by Bourdieu’s theory of practice, our findings reveal Al-Faza’a leadership as a distinctive form of illusio that is all the more powerful when intertwined with the doxa of Sheikhocracy. We illustrate how Al-Faza’a leadership embodies a persistent reproductive habitus, obstructing ERfKE’s transformative potential and exemplifying resistance to externally imposed and culturally ill-suited reform agendas in Jordan’s schools. By dissecting nuanced sociocultural dynamics shaping leadership practices, the article focuses on the experiences and perspectives of public school principals charged with policy enactment. It illuminates embedded cultural practices within schools and the Ministry of Education that are steeped in long-held traditions and beliefs which undermine policy objectives. This grounded theory-building study highlights the unsuitability of imported policy ideals that assume universal applicability and emphasizes the necessity of culturally sensitive approaches to education policymaking, policy enactment, and, hence, to education reform.

Cultural Imprints on Urban Housing: A Spatial Analysis of Apartment Designs in Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa

Apartment design is often assumed to follow a standardized model, disregarding cultural influences. However, cultural context can significantly shape the spatial organization of living environments. A significant gap exists in addressing how cultural factors influence apartment design in rapidly urbanizing African cities. Modern architectural practices frequently overlook the sociocultural dynamics essential for creating living spaces that resonate with local populations. This study investigates the spatial configuration of apartment units in three African countries—Kenya, South Africa, and Ghana—challenging the notion of universally homogeneous apartment designs. By applying Space Syntax, a quantitative analysis tool, this study examines how cultural factors distinctly influence the layout of apartments. The findings reveal significant variations, particularly in the design of corridors, domestic servant quarters, and the separation of private zones. This research highlights the importance of incorporating cultural considerations into architectural design processes to promote housing solutions that are functionally efficient, culturally relevant, and responsive to local social norms. Future research could explore how these cultural influences manifest across different housing types, such as informal settlements and high-rise apartments, or examine the impact of migration and globalization on evolving housing needs.

Socio-Historical and Contemporary Context of Black Home Education within the Black Belt of the American South

ABSTRACT This research article explores the socio-historical and contemporary context of Black home education within the Black Belt of the American South through a literature review. This literature review aims to uncover the historical evolution, socio-cultural dynamics, and contemporary challenges and opportunities associated with Black home education in this region.

The elegance of lacquer: Unveiling traditional lacquer techniques in East Asia

This research delves into the intricate world of lacquer art in East Asia, aiming to unravel the relationships among artisan perspectives, aesthetic values, and the contemporary relevance of this ancient craft. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how historical development, apprenticeship traditions, and evolving aesthetic values shape the intricate landscape of lacquer artistry. Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducts in-depth interviews with artisans and experts in the field of lacquer art. The research involves a comparative analysis of past literature, drawing upon historical and contemporary works to contextualize the findings within the broader trajectory of lacquer art. Thematic analysis is also applied to unravel the nuances of artisan perspectives, the transmission of knowledge through apprenticeship traditions, and the cultural and aesthetic dimensions embedded in lacquer paintings. This mixed-methods approach enriches the study by providing a holistic and nuanced exploration of the identified variables. The findings illuminate the enduring significance of apprenticeship traditions in preserving traditional lacquer techniques, with artisans actively navigating challenges posed by globalization and digital platforms. Aesthetic values, including symbolism and visual harmony, are revealed as integral components contributing to the narrative richness of lacquer paintings. The study uncovers the dynamic relationships among these variables, emphasizing the adaptive nature of lacquer art in a contemporary context. The implications extend to cultural preservation, heritage management, and educational initiatives, offering valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and educators involved in the realm of traditional crafts. The study contributes to theoretical frameworks on cultural continuity, knowledge transmission, and the socio-cultural dynamics of artistic practices.

Implementation of Betulungan on Multiethnic Women in Preserving The Haul Tradition in Samarinda East Kalimantan

This ethnographic study investigates the Haul tradition's execution in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, emphasising the procedures and challenges of preserving this significant religious and cultural event. The Haul custom- an Islamic observance that pays tribute to esteemed progenitors or saints, is of great spiritual significance; however, it is currently facing contemporary challenges, such as ethnic diversity and generational shifts. Betulungan, a native term that signifies cooperation and communal assistance, is the foundation of the Haul's prosperity in Samarinda. Betulungan's role in fostering collaboration among women from various ethnic backgrounds—Javanese, Banjar, Kutai, and Dayak—who are involved in the administration and maintenance of the Haul is further clarified in this study. The research employed a case study methodology, utilising data collected from five key informants chosen for their substantial contributions to the organization of the Haul within their communities. The neighborhood leader, a critical participant in organising community events, is identified as a key informant because he fosters collaboration and ensures inclusion in this multiethnic environment. The research, conducted through participant observation and exhaustive interviews, illustrates how Betulungan is a conduit for bridging ethnic divides and promoting interethnic collaboration in preparing food, rituals, and logistics for the Haul. The data indicate that Betulungan fosters a collaborative environment where women, regardless of ethnicity, unify to achieve a common spiritual goal, thereby preserving the Haul heritage and enhancing social cohesiveness. In response to the socio-cultural dynamics of a modernizing, multiethnic Samarinda, the Haul heritage has continued to evolve, with the culture of mutual assistance being crucial to its preservation. The research improves understanding of the substantial role those local cooperative behaviors play in conserving cultural and religious traditions among various groups.