Socio-psychological Characteristics Research Articles

Development of leadership qualities in athletes by means of physical education

The article raises the important issue of developing leadership qualities in athletes through physical education. It is emphasized that modern athletes must be able to make decisions, take responsibility, properly interact and communicate with other athletes, coaches, referees, work in a team and demonstrate leadership qualities. It is determined that a leader is a member of a group who has the necessary organizational skills, plays a central role in the structure of interpersonal relationships in the team and contributes to the organization and management of the group to achieve its goals. It is substantiated that the leadership qualities of a personality are manifested in the personal qualities that ensure effective leadership, namely: individual-personal and socio-psychological characteristics of a personality that influence the group and lead to the achievement of a common goal. It is emphasized that in order for the process of developing leadership qualities in athletes to be effective, the coach should work in tandem with a psychologist. The joint work of a coach and a psychologist can ensure the development of: individual psychological qualities of athletes, communicative and creative qualities, organizational and business qualities, social and group qualities. It is concluded that the state of development of the problem of leadership and development of leadership qualities in sportsmen by means of physical education has an insufficient level of research on this issue. The development of leadership qualities in athletes helps them to develop the ability to analyze their own strengths and weaknesses, set personal and professional goals and achieve them. Conducting leadership training, involving young people in decision-making, and implementing leadership education programs prepares athletes for leadership. Prospect for further research is the development and testing of a training program for the development of leadership qualities in athletes through physical education.

DIAGNOSING THE LEVEL OF UPBRINGING OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN AS AN EFFECTIVE PREREQUISITE FOR THE UPBRINGING PROCESS

At the stage of rapid development of science and technology, the primary task of the school is the formation of a comprehensively developed personality, which is carried out in the pedagogical process, the structure of which includes an important and mandatory process of education. It is impossible to organize a well-founded process of personality development without pedagogical diagnostics aimed at studying the individual characteristics of pupils and the socio-psychological characteristics of the children's collective. With the help of diagnostic techniques, the teacher receives data on the state of the educational process, the quality of education and upbringing of students, processes this data, analyzes and evaluates them, corrects and predicts the development of the educational process and students. In the process, the younger generations must assimilate what has already been accumulated by society, that is, to assimilate educational knowledge, values brought to their level of development, master a certain culture of behavior, abilities, learn the norms and experience of society's behavior and develop a certain system of views on life. Upbringing is the process of transferring social and historical experience by the older generation to new generations in order to prepare them for life and work, which is necessary to ensure the further development of society. Today, modern society is moving towards the modernization of education. As a result of significant transformations, state educational and subject standards are aimed at teaching in their content, giving secondary importance to the education of students and value orientation. It is necessary to determine the level of upbringing with the help of diagnostic tools, methods and techniques and, based on the identified qualities, organize a student-oriented and personality-oriented upbringing process.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЫЙ ПОДХОД В УПРАВЛЕНИИ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ УСЛУГАМИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

Currently, due to market economic conditions, the efficiency of management of a medical institution has decreased. Problems of managing healthcare in general and dental services in particular, have become the subject of scientific research. Management of dental clinics remains one of the less developed sections of scientific knowledge, in terms of scale and social significance. Literary sources report the uselessness of management in socialist healthcare as such. Functions such as planning, marketing, monitoring and reengineering processes were not in demand. Therefore, most managers of dental clinics do not have experience in managing in a competitive environment. The problem of acquiring knowledge about the sociological and socio-psychological characteristics of medical teams is a necessity in the practical activities of managers of medical organizations. The purpose of the study was to review domestic and foreign literature sources to analyze the need for the concept of marketing management of dental clinics. Material and methods. A review of the available Russian and foreign scientific literature over the past 10 years has been carried out, which allows us to more fully evaluate the concepts of marketing management proposed by many authors. Results and discussion. In our opinion, the main goal of marketing management should be to consider meeting the current and potential needs of the population for dental services. The concept of marketing medical dental services impoverishes its content, since the scope of marketing activities is much wider. In our opinion, marketing management in the field of dental services is the science of organizing and regulating the system of providing services and goods in accordance with the needs of the population, aimed at maintaining and strengthening the dental health of the population, reducing dental morbidity, increasing the duration and quality of life. Conclusions. 1. The main reasons causing shortcomings and problems in the management of dental services in general have been identified. 2. The introduction of modern technologies, theoretical approaches and strategic management mechanisms that correspond to the principles of the development of market relations into the management of dental services will ensure further organizational and managerial development of dentistry.

Features of academic professional and personal identity of students with disabilities

Introduction. The article substantiates the relevance and feasibility of studying the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities. The need to take into account the characteristics and find ways to effectively and efficiently manage the formation and development of educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities is emphasized.Purpose setting. Purpose of the study is the analysis of the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities.Methodology and methods of the study. Research methods are the theoretical analysis and synthesis of issues related to the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach to understanding the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities.Results. Currently, there are theoretical tasks of identifying the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities, overcoming the contradictions associated with attempts to comprehend the specifics of identity and other socio-psychological characteristics of groups of students who are extremely diverse in the nature of their existing health limitations. One of the leading problems is related to the divergence of researchers' ideas about the existence, sources and nature of such differences: some researchers believe that many differences between students with and without disabilities are exaggerated. Other researchers believe that these differences are downplayed, underestimated, or insufficiently and accurately described.Conclusion. The author summarizes the results of research into the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities. The importance and promise of systemic, holistic work in the context of the formation and development of educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities is emphasized: providing conditions for the formation and development of mature educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities.

Socio-Psychological Features of Gender-Role Socialization of Children of Different Ages

In the modern world, with the development of technologies, which are one of the most priority sources of information for children about norms and patterns of behavior, cultural values, and moral ideals, special attention is paid to the formation of a rather important aspect of life, as a model of human relationships “man-woman”. The purpose of the study is to study the socio-psychological characteristics of gender role socialization of children of different ages as a factor in a differentiated approach to the education and development of different sexes. The relevance of our research is due to the role of educational institutions in the gender-role socialization of children in the modern world: pedagogical support of this process with knowledge of the psychological characteristics of the gender development of children will allow us to avoid the great influence of natural factors on the upbringing of the younger generation.Through gender socialization, a person perceives any information and also transmits it to the world around him. An empirical study was conducted to study the socio-psychological characteristics of gender-role socialization of children of different ages and to determine the conditions for overcoming the problems of gender-gender self-determination of children. 45 schoolchildren of the ANO secondary school “Academic Gymnasium” took part in the study

Особенности миграционных установок аспирантов: к вопросу об образовательной миграции

Background. To date, a significant number of researchers have noted the shortage of highly qualified scientific personnel employed in research organizations. It is due to a number of reasons, among which emigration of scientists to those countries where highly qualified work is paid higher can be marked. In this regard, issues related to the international mobility of postgraduate students, including educational mobility, are very important. Objective. The study focuses on the socio-psychological characteristics of postgraduate students' attitudes to educational migration. Study Participants. The study involved students of postgraduate schools at research organizations involved in the training of graduate students in the field of educational sciences, as well as pedagogical universities in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and other regions of the Russian Federation. A total of 803 respondents were interviewed. Methods. The article is based on the materials of a monitoring questionnaire. Results. The study revealed a connection between socio-demographic factors (gender, age) and attitudes related to educational migration: men more often indicate a desire to improve their professional qualifications abroad; with age, the number of graduate students wishing to study abroad decreases. In addition, the influence of socio-stratification factors (the income level of graduate students and the educational status of the family) on attitudes towards educational migration was revealed: high-income graduate students, as well as those graduate students whose parents have academic degrees, are more focused on professional development abroad. The study also showed that migration attitudes related to temporary educational migration are significantly more widespread among graduate students than among researchers. Conclusion. The attitudes of graduate students related to educational migration are determined by the influence of a number of socio-demographic and socio-stratification factors. At the same time, studying abroad is considered as a career elevator, primarily by those postgraduate students who do not plan to link their further professional activities with scientific work and teaching at budgetary institutions. Also, the larger migration mobility has been revealed in postgraduate students as a socio-professional group in comparison with researchers.

OLFACTORY SELF-PRESENTATION IN INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION: THE ROLE OF PERFUMERY AND PERSONALITY TRAITS

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to study how the peculiarities of using perfume scents affect self-presentation and how this is related to a person’s personality traits.
 Methodology. The participants filled out the questionnaire “Socio-psychological characteristics of olfactory behavior” developed by O.A. Gerasimova, the Keirsey questionnaire; the “Social Control Scale” by M. Snyder.
 Results. The results of the study show that the majority of respondents use a self-presentation strategy in interpersonal interaction, the features of which are related to personal characteristics and the degree of communicative control. The direction of using parfumeria – for oneself or for others – depends on personal characteristics and the degree of control over the communicative situation. The lack of significant links between personality traits, temperament type and preference for certain flavors shows the complexity of the study of olfactory self-presentation and the need for further research in this area.
 Practical implications. The results of the conducted research can be used in practice as a guide in the selection and creation of fragrances, to understand how a person chooses a preferred fragrance.

Социально-психологический портрет современного студента педагогического направления подготовки

<p>The article specifies the features of the professional activity of modern teachers; discusses the requirements that the profession imposes on the personality of a teacher; through the prism of content analysis of modern research, the socio-psychological characteristics of a modern student of pedagogical training are described; the factors and conditions for the formation of future teachers are highlighted. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the special attention that is paid to the training of future teachers within the framework of the Year of the Teacher and Mentor, announced by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin in 2023, because modern students studying in pedagogical fields of training will one day become the mentors of the younger generation. Due to this, this study was undertaken. For this purpose, the methods of content analysis, descriptive statistics, comparison, synthesis were used. The research analyzes 235 scientific papers, the depth of scientific research was 11 years, and the sample was 45893 students of pedagogical specializations. The result of the analysis was a description of the socio-psychological portrait of a student studying in pedagogical fields of training.</p>

Специфика профессионально важных качеств заместителей командиров взводов вузов ФСИН России

Introduction. The successful functioning of the cadet training unit is directly related to the management of their team members. Achievement of good performance is also ensured through the tutorial work of the deputy platoon commander, selected from the ranks of the cadets. The activity of the deputy platoon commander and the necessity for certain personal qualities in it are influenced by the specifics of the departmental university, the duality of the position in the hierarchy of service, some socio-psychological characteristics of students and their personal qualities. Research purpose: to identify a set of psychological characteristics that improve the effectiveness of deputy platoon commanders of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia based on the assessments of the qualified experts. Theoretical framework of the study is a review of publications devoted to the issues of professionally significant qualities and training of junior commanders in higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Federal Drug Control Service of Russia, Ministry of Defense of Russia, as well as related studies concerning deputy platoon commanders of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.
 Methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey on two blanks was used to identify the psychological characteristics of deputy platoon commanders. The total sample of respondents was 362 individuals (22 individuals were employees of training and combat units of faculties, 49 participants were deputy platoon commanders, and 291 participants were cadets).
 The result of the study is a description of the deputy platoon commander training in educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia by the following characteristic: a responsible leader with well-developed communicative skills, characterized by diligence, stress resistance in a conflict, self-confidence, disciplining and justice. Thus, a number of psychological qualities are typical for a junior commander of a departmental university, which include responsibility, leadership qualities, communication skills, self-confidence, and disciplining. Key qualities for a deputy platoon commander of an educational organization of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are stress resistance in a conflict and justice.

Behavioral Norms and School Climate Questionnaire

Socio-psychological characteristics of the school environment are a significant factor in the formation of students’ values, behavioral patterns, ways of relationships constructing, as well as expectations from the future. The paper describes the process of developing and validating the Behavioral Norms and School Climate Questionnaire, which allows to assess the subjectively perceived quality of the school environment from the perspective of students’ psychological safety and well-being. The questionnaire differs from the other resembling tools primarily by its creating procedure: the expertise of practicing psychologists working with teenagers in Russian schools was the basis for its development. The questionnaire includes 22 items that make up three scales: “Deviant Behavior”, “School Well-being” and “Subjective Unsafety”. The sample included 4,776 respondents. The survey involved schoolchildren aged 9 to 18 from more than 35 regions of Russia. Confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity analysis have shown that the questionnaire has a three-factor structure and is characterized by reliability and validity, allowing it to be used for research in the field of educational psychology. It can be used in screening studies to assess the school climate and the subjective well-being of schoolchildren. Also, this tool can be used in the designing of preventive programs and interventions aimed at reducing anxiety and aggressive behavior and improving the quality of relationships within the school community, and to assess the effectiveness of the impact. The questionnaire is characterized by conciseness and ease of use. It expands the possibilities of studying the contribution of the school climate to the effectiveness of the educational process and the students’ social adjustment in the educational environment.

Features of the Application of the Method of Socio-Psychological Training in the Formation of Students' Stress Resistance

The paper deals with such concepts as «social-psychological training» and «stress resistance»; the features of the application of this method in the formation of students' stress resistance are studied.One of the primary tasks of modern society in working with youth is the formation of a high level of sociopsychological adaptation. Currently, an active search and development of new forms and methods of both individual and group work with students is underway. In the diverse arsenal of methodological tools, a special place is given to socio-psychological training.The purpose of this psychological study was to study the features of the use of socio-psychological training as a means of forming students' stress resistance. During the primary diagnosis, two groups of students (control and experimental) were identified with a low level of stress resistance and a high level of stress.As part of the formative experiment, we developed and implemented a program of psychological support for students. Classes were held in the experimental group once a week for two months. After the formative experiment, the control stage of the study was carried out. At the control stage, the changes in the level of stress and stress tolerance of those who took (experimental group) and those who did not take part (control group) in the program were compared, thus, the effectiveness of the program of psychological support of students developed by us was tested. For re-diagnosis, the same methods were used as in the primary diagnosis at the ascertaining stage of the study.The methodological basis of the work was the theoretical provisions on the development of the group in the process of joint activity (L.G. Pochebut, G.M. Andreeva, E.S. Kuzmin, R.S. Nemov, etc.); ideas about the sociopsychological characteristics of the group (M.I. Bobneva, V.S. Ageev, P.K. Anokhin, etc.); conceptual foundations of personality development in the course of a specially organized psychological impact (A. Bandura, S.I. Makshanov, K. Levin, etc.); understanding and implementation of the methodology and methodology of socio-psychological training (L.A. Petrovskaya, Yu.N. Emelyanov, S.I. Makshanov).The research methods were theoretical analysis of scientific research; organizational methods; empirical methods: observation, psychodiagnostic methods, methods of statistical data processing.Comparative analysis of changes in the experimental and control groups (increase in stress resistance, reduction of stress and tension levels according to the corresponding coping strategies) allowed us to draw conclusions about the potential of applying the method of socio-psychological training in the formation of students' stress resistance.

Научно-методические основы подготовки преподавателей к взаимодействию с обучающимися с инвалидностью, приобретенной в процессе боевых действий и специальных военных операций

<p>The article analyzes modern approaches to adult education in the context of preparing teachers to interact with students with disabilities acquired during combat and special military operations. Existing research and teaching methods for people with disabilities do not take into account the specifics of this population. We describied the socio-psychological characteristics of persons with disabilities , affecting the possibilities of adaptation and retraining. We formulated the main areas of necessary changes in educational practice: the formation of motivation for retraining, the creation of a friendly educational environment, the adaptation of the educational process to psychological characteristics of the students and their special educational needs. Emphasis is placed on the methodological aspects of organizing the interaction of teachers and students in the process of professional preparation: the use of pedagogical screening, digital technologies, the gamification method, and the universal design of educational and methodological materials.</p>

HYGIENIC ASPECTS FOR MAINTAINING THE HEALTH OF MILITARY SPECIALTIES CADETS: ASSESSMENT, OPTIMIZATION OF LEARNING AND LIVING CONDITIONS, AND OVERCOMING RISK FACTORS

This research theme was approved by the Academic Council of Kharkiv National University as a dissertation for Doctor of Philosophy degree.
 The aim of this publication is to present a literature review summarizing the findings from national and international scientific and practical works on the training of military personnel. The focus is on the hygienic and psychophysiological foundations of health, optimization requirements for the training conditions of cadets in military educational institutions, and other critical aspects related to this important issue.
 The materials and methods were based on well-known methodological aspects of analytical evaluation and interpretation of scientific and practical information from the literature.
 The results obtained by the analytical assessment of relevant materials indicate that the issue of training military personnel is pertinent globally and particularly crucial in the context of the ongoing conflict with the Russian aggressor in Ukraine. It has been established that in recent decades, Ukraine has lacked studies specifically focused on understanding the dynamics of mental states and the development of mental maladaptation. The absence of such research has hindered the formulation of health protection measures and the enhancement of combat readiness for cadets in higher military educational institutions throughout their entire course of study. Literature findings on the study of educational conditions for both civilian students and cadets in military educational institutions underscore the intricacies of the adaptation process for young individuals pursuing higher education. This complexity arises from age-related psychological characteristics influencing their reactions to changes in social status brought about by the transition to the environment and conditions of higher education institutions. In particular, the change in lifestyle affects cadets and junior students. This is due to an increase in the amount of received information, the unusual form of its presentation, the lack of systematic control by teachers and parents, and other factors that increase the burden on the psycho-emotional sphere of students. Specifically, cadets and junior students are significantly affected by the shift in lifestyle. This can be attributed to the heightened volume of information, its unconventional presentation, the absence of systematic monitoring by educators and parents, and various factors that contribute to an increased load on the psycho-emotional well-being of students.
 Conclusions.
 
 The issue of cadets' learning conditions in military educational institutions is a pressing concern globally.
 Through a review of scientific and practical literature, it is evident that there is an immediate need to establish criteria for the effectiveness of socio-pedagogical prevention in addressing maladjustment among junior cadets in higher military educational institutions, including those in the Ukrainian Air Force. The inadequacies in a cadet's socio-psychological characteristics may lead to maladjustment, becoming a potential factor contributing to health disorders.
 The review of existing scientific and practical literature highlights a gap in research pertaining to the psycho-emotional profile of cadets in higher military Air Force educational institutions. This lack of comprehensive study hinders efforts to preserve health and combat capability while developing hygienic preventive measures, underscoring the relevance of our scientific work.

The Concept of Love as Reflected in the Views of Prospective Teachers

The article focuses on the problem of how prospective teachers form the concept of love. The study is of relevance due to the role the teacher plays in forming the values and ideology of the younger generation. The introduction of the article specifies various definitions of the phenomenon of love in interdisciplinary research. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept of love reflected in the views of prospec- tive teachers as well as the sources of its formation. Methods. The authors designed a questionnaire aimed at identifying the socio-psychological characteristics of the respondents, their understanding of love based on the classification of John Alan Lee; the questionnaire also contains the selection of associations to the word “love” based on the examples of love relationships presented in works of art; the questionnaire also seeks to identify the sources of information about love which the prospective teachers use. 47 first-year students majoring in teaching (44.03.01 – Pedagogical education) took part in the study. Results. The prospective teachers demonstrated their preference for a caring type of love with a tendency to altruism, they also showed ambiguity in relation to the “eros” type of love, which is due to the specifics of the sample under study. The most significant sources of information about love are family, friends and literary works. Conclusion. The research results suggest that the ideas of love demonstrated by the prospec- tive teachers correlate with the chosen field of the professional activity, which involves empathy, support, care for students, a high level of cultural, spiritual and moral development.

Correlation Between Characteristics of Personal Self-Determination and the Perception of the Pandemic by Students with Disabilities

The article draws attention to the necessity to study factors and mechanisms of personal self-determination in conditions of limited life resources when interacting with an increasingly complex social environment (as exemplified by the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic), as well as its influence on the psyche and socio-psychological characteristics of young students, including those with disabilities. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the correlation between the characteristics of personal self-determination and the perception of the pandemic by students with disabilities. Methodology. The original technique, developed by the authors, was applied to study factors and mechanisms of personal self-determination in conditions of limited life resources. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the “COVID-19 Pandemic Perception Questionnaire” were used to measure the perception of the pandemic. Statistical data processing was used to identify correlations between the categories under study. Research results. The study has revealed the correlations between the factors of personal self-determination and the scales of pandemic perception by students with disabilities: reinterpretation of their own life goals and activities taking into account preventive measures; threat to the implementation of the plans for the future of students with disabilities, increase in the role of control over the situation, limitation of the students’ social activity during the pandemic, reinterpretation of the personal attitude to the chosen profession, activation personal adaptation resources within the framework of learning activities and overcoming difficulties during academic interaction. Conclusion. The data obtained contributes to the study of the perception of the pandemic by students with disabilities; the data can also be used to build a model of support for students with disabilities within an increasingly complex social environment. This model development should be based on the identified factors of personal self-determination and their correlation with the characteristics of perception and attitude towards COVID-19.

Effectiveness evaluation of the complex medical and psychological method of treating patients with insomnia

This article presents an assessment of the effectiveness of the program for providing medical and psychological care to patients with insomnia, based on psychotherapeutic and psychophysiological approaches, including using a light lamp, biofeedback devices, taking into account clinical and psychological and socio-psychological characteristics, and also evaluates the effectiveness this program. The scientific literature does not describe analogues of the totality of the use of these methods for the contingent of patients with outpatient insomnia. The uniqueness of the developed program lies in its clear algorithmization, the absence of complex techniques of psychological (psychotherapeutic) intervention, which ensures the reproducibility of the program in practical health care institutions if there is a psychotherapist or clinical psychologist on staff who knows the skills of cognitive behavioral therapy and diaphragmatic breathing. The technique has passed clinical testing approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (protocol 2020-37-3). The quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the method was carried out on seven indicators: (1) Improvement in the subjective characteristics of sleep, (2) Improvement in the quality of sleep, (3) Reduction of the insomnia severity index, (4) Reduction of daytime sleepiness, (5) Reduction of the consequences of sleep disorders, (6) Decreased anxiety, (7) Improved overall clinical impression. As part of the assessment of the achievement of the target result, in accordance with Order 46n of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated February 2, 2022 (Regulations on Clinical Approbation), a threshold of 85% was set. In terms of (1) Improvement in the subjective characteristics of sleep, (2) Improvement in the quality of sleep, (3) Decrease in the severity index of insomnia, (4) Decrease in daytime sleepiness, the target result was more than 85%, which is significantly higher compared to the control group. An assessment was made of the correspondence of the distribution of indicators to the normal law using the Kholmogorov-Smirnov criterion. Comparison of groups using methods of analytical statistics was carried out using Student's t-test for dependent samples and Mann Whitney's U-test for independent samples. The assessment of the correlation of quantitative results was carried out using the Pearson coefficient (r) for interval variables with a normal distribution. The results are considered to be significant at p<0.01. All obtained empirical values were in the zone of statistical significance. Evaluation of the data obtained in the course of clinical testing shows the effectiveness of the proposed clinical and psychological method for the treatment of insomnia.

SƏNAYE MÜƏSSİSƏLƏRİNİN İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİNDƏ İNNOVASİYA VƏ İNNOVATİV TEXNOLOGİYALARIN ROLU

SƏNAYE MÜƏSSİSƏLƏRİNİN İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİNDƏ İNNOVASİYA VƏ İNNOVATİV TEXNOLOGİYALARIN ROLU

The Role of Communication Campaigns in Keeping the Cultural Identity of Small Cities

The topic of the article is determined by the growing attention to the origins of the formation of culture and its reflection in various architectural forms, as well as by the desire to preserve the small towns in Russia. The focus put on the cultural potential of such cities will create the basis for the development of tourism within the country and economic growth. Modern processes of globalization, erasing geographical boundaries, cause irreparable damage to the cultural sovereignty of the places. In this regard, to revive small towns in Russia it is necessary to carry out comprehensive measures at the federal and regional levels, as well as the comprehensive interdisciplinary research in this area. The manuscript analyzes the cultural identity of the small town of Ostashkov (Tver Oblast, Russia) based on an analysis of the state of the urban environment and its public spaces. To preserve the cultural identity and originality of the city, the author proposes a communication campaign based on territorial branding aimed at increasing the level of patriotism, stimulating the consumption of local products, increasing the recognition of the region and its tourist attractiveness. When implementing a communication campaign, it is necessary to take into account the individual psychological, socio-psychological characteristics of the main segments of the target audience, and overcome cultural, organizational and other barriers. As part of a communication campaign to preserve the cultural identity of the city, the author proposes to integrate the available historical information about the city of Ostashkov, its geographical location and city symbols to promote the brand of the small city.

Preservation of ethnocultural diversity and fairness in interethnic relations in the estimations of the population of the south of Russia

The article examines views on the issue of preserving and reproducing ethnocultural diversity in the context of multicultural regions in Southern Russia, within the framework of the perception of the implementation of the state's national policy in the categories of social justice in interethnic relations. The authors consider this issue within the discourse of public policy and the everyday perception of ethnic groups residing in Southern Russia. The article is based on materials from exploratory sociological research conducted through questionnaire surveys of the population in the regions of Southern Russia, focus groups, and in-depth interviews with experts in the field of implementing the state's national policy (government officials, scholars, researchers, diaspora representatives). The research covered five regions of Southern Russia (Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Republic of Kalmykia, Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic).
 The article analyses perceptions of ethnocultural diversity in the context of justice in interethnic relations at the regional level. It also explores the connection between identification and socio-psychological characteristics (subjective assessments of violations of rights based on nationality) and the conviction of ethnic groups regarding the observance of justice while preserving the cultural diversity of their people in the region of residence (culture, language, and the development of ethnocultural infrastructure).
 The conducted analysis reveals that issues related to the preservation and development of ethnocultural diversity hold a prominent position in the population's views in the Southern Russian regions regarding the fair regulation of interethnic relations. Points of contention that translate social tension into interethnic tension often revolve around questions of historical memory linked to various forms of ethnic-based deprivation. It is established that the demand for the reproduction of ethnocultural diversity in the regions of Southern Russia is determined by the subjective experience of perceiving violations of rights based on nationality, assessments of justice in managing interethnic relations by the state, and the respondent's type of identity. The core understanding of justice for ethnic groups is linked to sociocultural aspects, and their demand for preserving culture, language, and traditions, regardless of their region of residence, is associated with concerns about their potential loss.

Problems of Discourse Typology in Linguistics

When defining the term Discourse, the difference between its content and structure converges on the basis of speech, the presentation of one's own thoughts. Social activity requires consideration of discourse in the context of communicative activity, taking into account its inseparable socio-psychological characteristics. In linguistic science, even in the context of the structure of discourse, the vision of scientists-researchers in the general solution has not been formed. Nevertheless, it is obvious that there is a certain system of steps of organized communication and the structure of the exchange of speech actions. In the article, some typology sections are conventionally named “typology”, “structural typology”, “comparative typology”, “regional typology”, “counterlinguistics”, “linguistic universals”, “translation grammar”, “comparative typological linguistics” and others. The terms “matching” and “comparison method” are often synonymous. Such a proliferation of terms shows that linguistic typology is not yet firmly established as a science. In linguistics, it includes the discipline of each section and all types of linguistic typology, the juxtaposition of comparative and typological methods, the typological description of related and unrelated languages, characteristic and uncharacteristic studies, etc. To determine such contradictory views, these studies were and are necessary. On the one hand, modern journalistic discourse is characterized by an abundance of template forms of Moderna, ready-made blocks, turns and speech stereotypes. On the other hand, journalism is full of methods and forms that are not fixed in the language sphere and created in a certain speech situation with a certain communicative purpose. Among the many media typical of Moderna discourse, the main focus is on influencing the information and emotions of the addressee and achieving a positive communicative result. These concepts are also significantly disclosed in the article.