Socioeconomic Factors Research Articles

Socioeconomic factors associated with poor patient-reported outcomes of 17,478 patients after a distal radial fracture.

This study aimed to investigate the association of socioeconomic factors, country of birth and comorbidities with poor patient-reported outcome 1 year after a distal radial fracture. The patient population was obtained from the Swedish Fracture Register. In the study, 17,468 patients 18 years or older were included. Poor outcome was the dependent variable in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The factors with the strongest association with poor outcome were country of birth outside the European Union (odds ratio (OR) = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.91-2.73), high-energy trauma mechanism (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.46-2.12), a history of anxiety or depression (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.26-1.70), and a Charlson comorbidity index ≥3 (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.17-1.94). Alleviating the effects of these factors could potentially decrease the proportion of patients with a disability after a distal radial fracture.Level of evidence: III.

Unhealthy Dietary Pattern Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Adults and Older Adults: A Population-based Study

Background:: Mental and behavioral disorders are influenced by biological, psychological and social factors, especially income, gender, age and family environment, indicating that physical health is directly associated with mental health. In this perspective, food consumption is highlighted as a risk factor for mental health, as healthy behaviors, along with a good quality diet, can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objective:: The objective of this a study is to investigate the association between CMD and dietary patterns, among other lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. Method:: Cross-sectional population-based and household study conducted with 1574 individuals aged over 20 years, of both sexes, residing in Teresina and Picos, Piaui, Brazil. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and food consumption data were collected. The instrument used to identify the presence of CMDs was the Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). Dietary patterns were obtained using the Principal Component Analysis method. Results:: Individuals of female sex, separated, with low education, smokers and lower level of physical activity had a higher prevalence of common mental disorders. As for the eating pattern, after adjustments, individuals who adhered to the unhealthy eating pattern had a 9% higher prevalence of CMD. Furthermore, adherence to the white meat standard represented 12% higher prevalence of CMD. Conclusion:: The results showed that, regardless of other socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, adherence to a more monotonous eating pattern in foods, characterized by the mainly consumption of animal protein and the lack consumption of foods like fruits and vegetables, as well as a less healthy one, characterized by the consumption of ultra-processed foods, increases the risk of developing CMD.

Exploring the gut microbiota of rural region of Haryana (India): Sociodemographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle

Exploring the gut microbiota of rural region of Haryana (India): Sociodemographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle

Cancer care treatment attrition in adults: Measurement approaches and inequities in patient dropout rates – a rapid review

BackgroundCancer treatment attrition refers to the discontinuation of prescribed cancer therapies before completion. It can significantly impact patient outcomes and cancer survival rates making it a critical concern. There is growing evidence on inequalities in cancer care, the avoidable systematic differences in the health of different groups of people. Understanding the extent of treatment attrition, why it happens, for whom, and associated inequalities may improve cancer care delivery and patient outcomes.MethodsA rapid review was conducted to identify existing evidence on measures of cancer treatment attrition, definitions, reasons for attrition and potential inequalities. The review followed a systematic approach but with abbreviated processes to facilitate quicker evidence synthesis. Searches were restricted to MEDLINE and Embase databases from their inception dates to May 7, 2024. Additional searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and key grey literature from relevant organizations. Inclusion criteria were adults with any type of cancer undergoing treatment, with studies reporting quantitative or qualitative data on treatment attrition conducted outside of clinical trials. Exclusion criteria included studies on children or adolescents, clinical trials, non-English publications, and various non-research article types. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardized tools, and studies were synthesized narratively.ResultsThe search retrieved 1,353 references, with 40 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Most studies were retrospective. Studies covered various cancer types and treatments, reporting measures of attrition and reasons for treatment drop-out. Factors influencing attrition included disease progression, death, clinical deterioration, treatment toxicity, and socioeconomic factors such as lower income or socioeconomic disadvantage.ConclusionsThis review highlights significant variability in how treatment attrition is measured and defined, and suggests potential inequalities in who discontinues treatment. Standardized measures of attrition and data collection on reasons for discontinuation are essential to improve cancer care outcomes and equity. Future research should focus on developing these standardized metrics and exploring interventions targeting identified disparities to support cancer patients to complete treatment and improve outcomes.

Road traffic deaths caused by at-fault drivers and drinking-driving in China: A spatiotemporal analysis of the 2017–2020 period

In China, the role that alcohol plays in road traffic deaths (RTDs) is poorly understood. In this study, RTD rates caused by at-fault drivers and drinking-driving by cases per 100,000 people were calculated at the city and provincial levels in China during 2017–2020. Spatial lag modeling was applied to measure the influence of drinking-driving RTD rates on at-fault RTD rates. In addition, the influence of seven geographic regions, six city tiers, three ethnicities, and six socioeconomic factors on drinking-driving and at-fault RTD rates was assessed. Drinking-driving RTD rates were positively associated with at-fault RTD rates. GDP per capita was negatively associated with drinking-driving RTD rates, but unemployment rates were positively associated. This study highlights the influence of drinking-driving on overall at-fault behavior. The reinforcement of traffic regulations against drinking-driving and general awareness could reduce RTD rates.

Local environment perceived in daily life and urban green and blue space visits: Uncovering key factors for different age groups to access ecosystem services

Inequality in access to green and blue spaces is a major issue in the field of environmental justice. Various factors significantly influence visitations to these spaces, including residential, commuting, and shopping areas. However, studies have mainly focused on residential environments. Analyzing the coupling of environmental and socioeconomic factors, including age, income, and childhood experience, and examining the direct and indirect effects of these factors for different age groups are needed to better understand the detailed context of inequalities in access to ecosystem services. We conducted a questionnaire survey and analysis to address these needs in an urban setting. The results demonstrate that several land use categories (i.e., agricultural lands in residential areas, grasslands near shopping areas, and deciduous forests near commuting destinations) positively correlated with visitation frequency, suggesting the lack thereof may be the cause of access inequalities. In particular, the perimeter per unit area of some land cover types, which shows the complexity of the form of each land cover category, was found to be a significant factor. We identified inequality in nature experience to be the key factor correlated with inequality in nature visits among the young age group. For the middle-aged and old age groups, nature-relatedness was positively correlated with visitation frequency. Proper design of the local environment, such as through land use planning, can be an effective measure for all age groups. For instance, long-bordered green areas in the Monsoon Asian region are an attractive traditional landscape, with high accessibility and a comfortable thermal environment. The key factors for each age group should be considered in spatial design and inclusive information-sharing to reduce inequality in access to ecosystem services.

A novel clinical prediction model for hip fractures: a development and validation study in the total population of Sweden

Low bone density and osteoporosis are indications for bone-specific treatment. However, given the limited availability of bone density data in clinical practice and the fact that most patients with hip fracture do not have osteoporosis, accurate prediction of hip fracture risk in the absence of bone density data would be crucial. This development and validation study included the entire Swedish population aged 50 years or older in 2005 (N=3,340,977) and was conducted by cross-linking data from nationwide registers. Potential predictive variables included diagnoses, prescription medications, familial factors, frailty-related factors, and socioeconomic factors. The primary endpoint was the 5-year risk of hip fracture. Fracture prediction algorithms were developed and validated using multivariable models. Model performance and validation was also examined in a sub cohort restricted to 504,431 individuals with non-Swedish background. During a total follow-up of 15.2 million person-years, 87,089 individuals suffered a hip fracture within 5 years. In the final prediction model, 19 variables were associated with a population attributable fraction of 93.9% (95% CI, 93.7-94.1) in women and 92.7% (95% CI, 92.2-93.0) in men. The strongest predictor, besides old age, was the use of homemaker service, with a 5-year risk of hip fracture of 7.8% in women and 4.7% in men. The diagnoses most strongly predicting the 5-year risk of hip fracture was Parkinson's disease (6.8% in women, 4.6% in men) and dementia (6.1% in women, 3.6% in men). Validation of the prediction model suggested that the optimal threshold for treatment with bone-specific agents was an estimated 5-year hip fracture risk of 3%. Assuming a threshold of 3% and a 30% relative risk reduction from bone-specific treatment, the number needed to treat to prevent one hip fracture was estimated to 36 in women and 52 in men. Similar results were obtained in the sub cohort with non-Swedish background. A clinical prediction model developed and validated in the total Swedish population could predict the risk of hip fractures with high precision even in absence of data on bone density. The model was associated with a population attributable fraction for hip fracture of more than 90%, and the strongest predictor besides old age was the use of homemaker service, which likely reflect frailty. Based on the model, individuals with an estimated 5-year risk of hip fracture of at least 3% could be considered for bone-specific treatment. None.

Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intentions and mediating effects among older adults in Southwest China

This study examines the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intentions among Chinese residents over the age of 60, with a focus on the mediating roles of Health Beliefs and Cues to Vaccination Action in the relationship between vaccine knowledge and vaccination intentions. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey involving 1,305 participants from Southwest China. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified potential determinants of vaccination intention, including socioeconomic characteristics, knowledge, health beliefs, and cues to vaccination action. Furthermore, mediation analysis using the causal mediation analysis method explored the mediating effects within the knowledge-to-intention pathway. Vaccination intention and its related factors: among the 1212 elderly people included in the study, 92.9% expressed willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Main factors influencing their vaccination willingness included Residency (urban vs. rural, OR = 0.47, p < 0.01), Age (75 + vs. others, OR = 0.41, p < 0.05), Marital status (OR = 0.36, p < 0.01), Occupation ( business/service vs. others, OR = 0.33, p < 0.05), Awareness of vaccine effectiveness (OR = 1.23, p < 0.01), Cues to vaccination action (OR = 1.31, p < 0.01) and COVID-19 related knowledge (OR = 1.06, p < 0.01). The analysis revealed two significant mediators—Health Beliefs and Cues to Vaccination Action. These mediators (p<0.05 for both natural indirect effect and natural direct effect) acted along two key pathways: (1) From Knowledge of COVID-19 to Health Beliefs to Vaccination Intention: Natural Direct Effects (NDE) ranged from 0.012 to 0.016, with Natural Indirect Effects (NIE) from 0.001 to 0.003, indicating that mediators accounted for 4% to 18% of the total effect. (2) From Knowledge of COVID-19 to Cues of Vaccination Action to Vaccination Intention: NDE ranged from 0.012 to 0.016 and NIE from 0.002 to 0.003, with mediators accounting for 9% to 20% of the effect. The intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 among older adults varies significantly based on socioeconomic and health belief factors. The study identifies health beliefs and cues to action not only as direct contributors but also as crucial mediators in the pathway from knowledge to vaccination intention among older individuals. These findings can extend our understanding of the impact of sociodemographic factors and health beliefs on the COVID-19 vaccination willingness among older adults.

The Contribution of Socioeconomic Factors to HIV RNA Suppression in Persons With HIV Engaged in Care in the NA-ACCORD.

Socioeconomic status (SES) influences well-being among people living with HIV (people with HIV [PWH]); when individual-level SES information is not available, area-level SES indicators may be a suitable alternative. We hypothesized that (1) select ZIP code-level SES indicators would be associated with viral suppression and (2) accounting for ZIP code-level SES would attenuate racial disparities in viral suppression among PWH. The NA-ACCORD, a collaboration of clinical and interval cohorts of PWH, was used. Participants with ≥1 viral load measurement and ≥1 US residential 5-digit ZIP code(s) between 2010 and 2018 were included. In this serial cross-sectional analysis, multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify the annual association of race and ethnicity with viral suppression, in the presence of SES indicators and sex, hepatitis C status, and age. We observed a dose-response relationship between SES factors and viral suppression. Lower income and education were associated with 0.5-0.7-fold annual decreases in odds of viral suppression. We observed racial disparities of approximately 40% decreased odds of viral suppression among non-Hispanic Black compared with non-Hispanic White participants. The disparity persisted but narrowed by 3%-4% when including SES in the models. ZIP code-based SES was associated with viral suppression, and accounting for SES narrowed racial disparities in viral suppression among PWH in the NA-ACCORD. Inclusion of ZIP code-level indicators of SES as surrogates for individual-level SES should be considered to improve our understanding of the impact of social determinants of health and racial disparities on key outcomes among PWH in North America.

Sensing spatial inequality of socio-economic factors for deploying permanent deacons in the UK

Sensing spatial inequality of socio-economic factors for deploying permanent deacons in the UK

Trends in socioeconomic disparities in urban heat exposure and adaptation options in mid-size U.S. cities

There is ample evidence that Environmental Justice communities experience high levels of extreme heat. However, it is unknown how disparities in urban heat exposure and adaptation options change over time. This study investigates socioeconomic disparities over time in urban heat exposure and adaptation options in eight mid-sized Northeastern cities. We ask: How were socioeconomic factors associated with heat exposure and adaptation options over time? We analyzed disparities at the census block group level and census block level, respectively. At the census block group level, we ran spatial regression models between socioeconomic variables, including race, income, gender, and age, and heat exposure and adaptation variables, including land surface temperature, normalized different vegetation index (NDVI), tree cover, and air conditioning ownership rate. We found that: Low median household income is always associated with high LST and low NDVI from 1990 to 2020; Low percentage of females is always associated with high LST and low NDVI from 1990 to 2020. High percentage of POC is associated with high LST in 2010 and 2020, but not in 1990 and 2000; Low median household income and low percentage of elderly are associated with lower tree cover; High percentage of POC, low percentage of elderly, and low median household income are associated with lower AC rates. In analysis at the census block level by city, we found that disparities in urban heat exposure between predominantly POC and predominantly white communities increased in most cities during 1990-2020. Predominantly POC communities consistently have lower vegetation cover over time in most cities. Disparities in vegetation cover per unit area increased in most cities, whereas disparities in vegetation cover per capita decreased in most cities. Our findings of the trends in disparities in heat exposure and adaptation are useful for forecasting disparities in the future. These findings also suggest that interventions should prioritize cities with increasing disparities in heat exposure and adaptation.

Bibliometric Analysis of Risk Factors Contributing to Maternal Mortality: Trends and Research Directions

ABSTRACT Maternal mortality remains a significant global health challenge, with high maternal mortality rates in many parts of the world being a key indicator of disparities in maternal health care. While great efforts have been made to reduce these mortality rates, the various contributing risk factors remain a major focus of efforts. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature addressing risk factors contributing to maternal mortality over the period 2017 to 2024. In this study, data was obtained from 50 relevant articles retrieved from Google Scholar using Publish or Perish software. The articles were filtered based on relevance and analyzed in depth. The data collected included information on publication year, country of origin, publisher, number of citations, and article type. To generate a comprehensive bibliometric map, VOSviewer was used with the parameters of occurrence of at least 4 and 19 terms, as well as network visualization, overlay, and density. The analysis showed that research on maternal mortality has consistently focused on various risk factors and aspects of maternal health, with a significant emphasis on factors related to pregnancy complications, postnatal care, and socioeconomic health conditions. Developed countries such as the United States are often the primary location of research, indicating a high concentration of studies in these countries. In addition, the research highlighted consistent attention to the importance of adequate health care and specific health issues faced by pregnant women. The analysis also revealed that key themes in the current literature include the management of postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infections, and the influence of socio-economic factors on maternal health. This study provides valuable insights into current research directions and trends in maternal health and underscores the importance of continuing to identify and mitigate risk factors that contribute to maternal mortality. The findings are expected to guide the development of more effective interventions and health policy strategies that can reduce maternal mortality globally and improve maternal health outcomes worldwide. Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Risk Factors, Bibliometric Analysis, Healthcare Interventions, Research Trends

UNDERSTANDING STUDENT INTERESTA, ABILITIES ADN LIMITATIONS: THE CORNERSTONE OF EFFECTIVE EDUCATION

Understanding student interests, abilities, and limitations is fundamental to effective education. By recognizing these elements, educators can create personalized learning experiences that engage students and foster a love for learning. Interests are vital as they motivate students to participate actively in their education. When lessons are aligned with what students are passionate about, they are more likely to engage deeply and retain information. For instance, incorporating themes from students’ favorite hobbies or current trends can make learning relevant and exciting. Abilities encompass both the strengths and weaknesses of each student. Differentiated instruction, which tailors teaching methods to meet diverse needs, allows educators to challenge advanced learners while supporting those who may struggle. Regular assessments and observations help identify these abilities, enabling educators to adapt their approaches and provide appropriate resources. Limitations, whether they stem from learning disabilities, socio-economic factors, or emotional challenges, also play a critical role in shaping educational experiences. Understanding these limitations allows teachers to implement inclusive strategies that ensure all students can access the curriculum. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of interests, abilities, and limitations fosters a supportive learning environment. This holistic approach not only enhances academic achievement but also promotes self-esteem and resilience in students. By prioritizing these factors, educators can empower students to reach their full potential, equipping them with the skills and confidence needed for lifelong learning and success.

Differences in Fibromyalgia Characteristics by Mode of Commute and Age in Women: The Al-Ándalus Project

Objectives: This study aimed to test whether fibromyalgia-related characteristics differ by mode of commute and by age in women with fibromyalgia. Methods: A total of 450 women with fibromyalgia (aged 52.0 ± 8.0 years old) were included. Data on their body composition, socioeconomic factors, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), depressive symptoms, sleep quality, pain-related outcomes, fatigue, and mode of commute, as well as the impact of fibromyalgia on their lives, were obtained. We performed linear regression analyses to test the differences in fibromyalgia-related characteristics between the participants engaged in active/passive modes of commuting. To analyze in depth the differences, a one-way analysis of covariance with Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons was conducted. Results: In the younger group, active commuters presented differences in fibromyalgia-related characteristics (all, p &lt; 0.01): they were less impacted by having fibromyalgia, had lower levels of fatigue, and had a higher HRQoL than passive commuters. We observed no differences in symptoms between active and passive commuters in the older group (all, p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: The possible positive effect of active commuting on fibromyalgia-related characteristics might be reduced by age and by a decrease in total physical activity. Physical activity programs for women with fibromyalgia focused on improving fibromyalgia-related characteristics should consider active commuting behaviors to increase their effectiveness.

Race, profit, and algorithms: Neighborhood-level analysis of iBuyers’ profit margin

ABSTRACT iBuyers are firms that use automated valuation models (AVMs), streamline home buying processes, and provide all-cash offers to purchase homes. Although the previous literature has explored the roles and limitations of iBuyers in the housing market, empirical research on the racial implications of these algorithmic home buying processes remains understudied. Using a spatial lag model, this study shows the spatial clustering of iBuyer profit margins, that iBuyers gain more profits when they resell to individuals than institutions, and that some iBuyers have a statistically significant correlation between their profit margins and the proportion of marginalized racial groups within a census tract, while controlling for individual housing characteristics, neighborhood housing quality and demand, and neighborhood amenities and socioeconomic factors. These findings suggest that the more adeptly iBuyers can forecast housing values, the greater the potential to maximize profits from homeowners in communities of color. Consequently, this research contributes to the understanding of how technological mechanisms operate within a purportedly race-neutral framework and advocates for the development and deployment of algorithmic systems guided by the principles of antisubordination, rather than relying solely on notions of “fairness” and anticlassification.

A One Health approach to pastoral (im)mobility, health, and disease: A qualitative participatory study in Plateau State, Nigeria.

In Plateau State, pastoralism has historically been a cost effective and resilient economic system well-suited to the ecological context. However, changes in land use and conflict have increasingly changed patterns of mobility. Pastoralist movement is now often associated with zoonotic disease transmission, environmental degradation and conflict, increasingly resulting in forced sedentarisation. Rather than a direct outcome of population movement however, animal, human and zoonotic disease drivers are complex and influenced by a range of socio-economic and environmental factors. The interlinkages of (im)mobility and health requires better understanding of underlying vulnerabilities to disease, which we aim to address in this study. Using a multisite case study methodology we investigated pastoralists' animal and human health concerns and priorities in Plateau State, Nigeria. We deployed participatory tools, including open-ended Focus Group Discussions, transect walks, mapping exercises, calendars and matrices. Data were analysed using a One Health conceptual framework. We interviewed 105 participants, from transhumance, migratory and sedentary households, dependent on livestock and small-scale crops. While transhumance was often preferred, participants had become sedentary as a result of insecurity, loss in livestock, and household characteristics. Humans and animals suffered from several endemic diseases, including zoonoses, however veterinary and human health services are only available in larger towns, and people mostly rely on community (animal) health workers and self-medication. Both transhumance and sedentary livestock keepers face challenges around forage grazing, regularly blocked by landowners, sometimes escalating into conflict. While conflict and changes in land use affected animal and human disease patterns, underlying political, social and economic risk factors were important determinants of health. There is a need for more inclusive, transdisciplinary, multilevel approaches to address animal and human disease, based on better contextualization of the challenges, through the participation of affected communities.

Intersecting social and environmental determinants of multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections in East Africa beyond antibiotic use

The global health crisis of antibacterial resistance (ABR) poses a particular threat in low-resource settings like East Africa. Interventions for ABR typically target antibiotic use, overlooking the wider set of factors which drive vulnerability and behaviours. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the joint contribution of behavioural, environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic factors associated with higher risk of multi-drug resistant urinary tract infections (MDR UTIs) in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. We sampled outpatients with UTI symptoms in healthcare facilities and linked their microbiology data with patient, household and community level data. Using bivariate statistics and Bayesian profile regression on a sample of 1610 individuals, we show that individuals with higher risk of MDR UTIs were more likely to have compound and interrelated social and environmental disadvantages: they were on average older, with lower education, had more chronic illness, lived in resource-deprived households, more likely to have contact with animals, and human or animal waste. This suggests that interventions to tackle ABR need to take account of intersectional socio-environmental disadvantage as a priority.

Mapping computational cognitive profiles of aging to dissociable brain and sociodemographic factors

Aging is associated with declines in cognition and brain structural integrity. However, there is equivocality over (1) the specificity of affected domains in different people, (2) the location of associated patterns of brain structural deterioration, and (3) the sociodemographic factors contributing to ‘unhealthy’ cognition. We aimed to identify cognitive profiles displayed by older adults and determine brain and sociodemographic features potentially shaping these profiles. A sample of Southeast-Asian older adults (N = 386) participated in a multi-session study comprising cognitive testing, neuroimaging, and a structured interview. We used computational models to extract latent mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility and response inhibition. Data-driven methods were used to construct cognitive profiles based on standard performance measures and model parameters. We also investigated grey matter volume and machine-learning derived ‘brain-ages’. A profile associated with poor set-shifting and rigid focusing was associated with widespread grey matter reduction in cognitive control regions. A slow responding profile was associated with advanced brain-age. Both profiles were correlated with poor socioeconomic standing and cognitive reserve. We found that the impact of sociodemographic factors on cognitive profiles was partially mediated by total grey and white matter, and dorsolateral prefrontal and cerebellar volumes. This study furthers understanding of how distinct aging profiles of cognitive impairment uniquely correspond to specific vs. global brain deterioration and the significance of socioeconomic factors in informing cognitive performance in older age.

Burden and causes of anemia in Vietnam: insights from the global burden of disease data

BackgroundAnemia is a significant global health issue, impacting 1.92 billion people and ranking as a leading cause of disability. It is marked by low hemoglobin levels, which hinder oxygen delivery to vital organs and result from causes such as nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases. Despite some progress, anemia remains a major concern in Southeast Asia, including Vietnam. Although the country has reduced its anemia rates, the progress is insufficient to achieve the WHO’s 2030 targets for anemia reduction among women of reproductive age. This study explores anemia trends and socio-economic determinants in Vietnam, with a focus on age and gender differences, to inform targeted interventions and policy development.MethodsThis study used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) dataset to explore the burden of anemia and its causes in Vietnam from 1990 to 2021. The GBD study provides data on anemia prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) by age, sex, and 37 causes across 204 countries and territories. Further, this study employed a regression model to examine how the anemia burden (i.e., prevalence rate and YLD rate) relates to socio-economic factors such as the Human Development Index (HDI), gender disparities in human development achievement, and gender-based inequalities in reproductive health, empowerment, and economic status in Vietnam over this period.ResultsIn 1990, there were 16.30 million anemia cases in Vietnam, decreasing slightly to 16.05 million by 2021. Male prevalence dropped from 34.90 to 26.58%, while female prevalence increased from 65.10 to 73.42%. Iron deficiency was the main cause, affecting 68.35% of cases in 1990 and 68.84% in 2021, with 24.96% in males and 75.04% in females in 2021. While anemia has decreased among infants, young children, and adolescents due to improved healthcare, it has increased among middle-aged and older adults, especially females. Regression analysis shows that higher human development and gender equality reduce anemia prevalence and disability, whereas gender inequality worsens the issue.ConclusionsThe study underscores that anemia remains a major health concern in Vietnam, marked by significant gender and age disparities. Despite a decrease in overall anemia rates and the effectiveness of specific interventions like iron-folic acid supplementation, females, particularly those of reproductive age and older adults, continue to face higher rates. Socio-economic improvements, including higher income and better human development, are linked to lower anemia rates, though the impact differs by gender. The persistent gender disparity and the shift in burden to older adults highlight the need for more comprehensive, gender-sensitive interventions. Future efforts should integrate nutritional support with broader socio-economic enhancements to effectively address anemia and improve public health in Vietnam.

Pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi dan lingkungan terhadap prevalensi demam berdarah dengue di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sangurara, Bulili dan Birobuli Kota Palu

Dengue fever is one of the diseases that is still a problem in Indonesia. The incidence of DHF cases in Central Sulawesi, especially Palu City, has increased every year. Environmental and socio-economic factors affect the breeding of Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes. This study aims to determine the effect of socio[1]economic and environmental conditions on the incidence of DHF in the working areas of Sangurara, Bulili and Birobuli health centers in Palu City, Central Sulawesi. The method used quantitative with cross sectional research design. Sampling using Simple Random Sampling technique. The number of samples was 51 cases and 51 controls. Analysis technique used Chi- Square. From the results of the study, the variables that significantly influenced the incidence of DHF were education (p-value = 0.012), occupation (p-value = 1.000), income (p-value = 0.029), frequency of draining containers (p-value = 0.008), habit of hanging clothes (p-value = 0.031), home environment conditions (p-value = 0.005). While the variables that did not affect the incidence of DHF were the availability of lids on containers (p-value = 1.000), and the presence of larvae in containers (p-value = 0.127). This study concluded that education, income, frequency of container draining, habit of hanging clothes and home environmental conditions had a significant influence on the incidence of DHF and there was no influence between occupation, availability of container lids and the presence of larvae in containers.