Socio-economic Development Of Territories Research Articles

НАПРЯМКИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЛІСОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ РЕСПУБЛІКИ КОМИ

The forestry complex plays an important role in the rural economy of the municipalities of the Komi Republic. However, due to the nature of the distribution of forest resources and types of forestry activities, its effectiveness and impact on the socio-economic development of territories is different. This provision actualizes the development of a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the forest complex in rural areas of the Komi Republic and proposals for directions and mechanisms for its improvement. The purpose of the research is to develop ways to improve the efficiency of the forest complex of rural areas of the Komi Republic. The object of the research is the methodology for assessing the efficiency of the forest complex in rural areas of the Komi Republic, as well as the directions for its improvement. The hypothesis of the research is to measure the effectiveness of the functioning of the forest complex of the region based on the structural-territorial differentiation of territories. The methods used of the research. The methodological features of the study are: structuring the efficiency of the forest complex on the production, socio-economic, spatial and bioeconomic; use of a set of indicators characterizing these aspects of efficiency; aggregation of indicators into group and final efficiency ratings by districts; analysis of the factors that determined the spatial differentiation of the efficiency of the forest complex. The statement of basic materials. As a result of a study on a structured set of indicators, a picture of the structural and territorial differentiation of the efficiency of timber industry activity was obtained, formed by the distribution of relevant indicators characterizing the influence of various factors using a rating score. The modern limitations of the development of the forest complex of municipalities of the republic with a rural economy are highlighted. The оriginality and practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of conducting a typology of rural areas according to the level of efficiency of the forest complex, as well as proposing directions and mechanisms for its improvement, applicable to each group of districts. Conclusions of the research. An integrated assessment of the efficiency of the forest complex of rural areas has allowed to identify areas with high, medium and low levels of efficiency, as well as a separate group of areas with “non-forest” specialization or with a weak forest industry. Prospects for the further use of the results obtained can be adjusted by the strategy of socio-economic development of territories, as well as new approaches to the location of productive forces in the North.

Natural resources as a factor of socio-economic development of the Arctic territories: theoretical components of the research problem

A number of modern scientific ideas concerning natural resources as factors of socio-economic territorial development have been considered in the paper. The relevance of considering arctic direction of such research and their specificity, i.e. interdisciplinary of the problem statement, theory and methodology has been stated. It has been emphasized that the issues of the relationship between the development of natural resources and the level of socio-economic development of the Arctic territories make the environmental aspect of research particularly relevant. It has been shown that the analysis of the state of the problem should also include the objectives of modern policy and management of Russia’s Arctic zone. It allowed not only to systematize and critically comprehend the existing knowledge, but to highlight some problem areas of theoretical ideas from the standpoint of practical problems of the Arctic territories management as well. The significant activity of world research of this problem; extreme variety of views; the availability of fundamental contradictions that cannot be settled on modern level of scientific thought have been established. It has been concluded that a number of contradictions are due to the fragmentation of the consideration of natural resources problem as factors for increasing the level of socio-economic development of territories. It has been noted that up-to-date requirements for the Arctic development determine scientific relevance and practical need for interdisciplinary methodology development. This methodology is based on an understanding of the rationality of scientific knowledge that can ensure the quality of management of noospheric evolution in the context of natural resources involving in social relations.

УПОРЯДКУВАННЯ ПОЛЯ ФУНКЦІЙ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

УПОРЯДКУВАННЯ ПОЛЯ ФУНКЦІЙ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Arrangement of budgets management of united territorial communities

The problem of formation of budgets of joint territorial communities, budget funds management, development of proposals for improvement of the mechanism of management of funds of united territorial communities in order to increase the efficiency of using budget funds are considered. The subject of the study is the budgets of the united territorial communities. The purpose of the article is to study the process of forming budgets of the joint territorial communities and to determine the directions of improvement of the mechanism of management of the funds of the united territorial communities. In the article was used the method of comparison, economic-statistical, analytical and logical methods, the method of analysis and synthesis. Research results. The general condition of the development of the respective territories depends primarily on what budget resources will be at the disposal of the united territorial communities and through which financial leverage it will be implemented. The formation of a plan for the creation and use of financial resources necessary for the provision of functions and powers of local self-government, creation of comfortable living conditions for citizens, provision of high-quality and affordable public services is one of the most important issues, which, to a large extent, depends on the success of the functioning of the united territorial communities. Conclusions. The main goal of the next research should be to develop and implement measures to improve the efficiency of budget management, create favorable conditions for the socio-economic development of territories, improve the quality and standard of living of the population.

Areas of improvement of the regulatory policy of small business development in rural areas

There is a difficult economic and social situation, especially in the formation and functioning of the small business sector at the present stage of development of the state in rural areas. Insufficient consideration the specificity of rural areas during economic reforms exacerbated their labor relations, unemployment has led to a significant scale. Implementation of the socio-economic and cultural development programs of communities in these cities did not provide financial resources. The importance of economic mechanisms determining future development of rural areas is increasing due to the role of local authorities in connection with the transfer to the regions many functions and powers of the management of socio-economic development that strengthens the influence of local communities on the formation of the town-forming base and the scope of employment. The study used general scientific and special methods groupings, logical analysis, strategic management, economic modeling, systematic and comparative analysis. It was shown that activation of participation of rural areas in business allows for socio-economic development of territories and surrounding rural areas, increase employment, reduce the amount of mass migration and outflow of active population abroad, suspend the process of reducing the level of quality employment capital. Proved that the development of small businesses in rural areas is a significant reserve for further business development in Ukraine and bringing it closer to the performance level of the developed countries. It was established that the level of entrepreneurship in rural areas is low, increase excessive imbalances in the distribution of economic potential of the regions between the regional centers and rural areas and districts, imperfect is the branch structure of the economy and low innovation activity of enterprises of rural areas and districts which negatively affects the socio-economic development of regions and the state as a whole. Based on the relevance and timeliness of small businesses in small towns, and later in rural areas, the strategic objectives of the state policy of small businesses in rural areas of the world experience. In further studies attention should be paid to the problem of implementation of government programs and strategies for the development of small business in foreign countries for their effective implementation in Ukraine, as well as problems of efficient funding of such programs through the budgets of different levels.

The mechanism of polarization leveling in the development of multi-level territorial socio-economic systems

The article reveals the structure and functions of the polarization leveling mechanism elements in the development of multi-level territorial socio-economic systems. As the main directions of leveling the polarization of territories, the formation of zones of advanced development, the formation of growth points in them, the prevention of depressive areas, the formation of areas of new development, which should be provided by taking advantage of the spatial location, the existing natural potential, the generation of innovations and the implementation of institutional advantages. Also, the factors of leveling and polarization of socio-economic development of regions are systematized. Polarization in the socio-economic development of territorial entities is considered as a result of the action of the market element. Leveling, on the contrary, is recognized as a field for state and municipal authorities. The criterion of optimality of differences in socio-economic development is considered by analogy with the methods of justice assessment. Comparisons of equity are considered horizontally and vertically. Horizontally, equal differences in indicators of social and economic development are recognized as fair. Vertically – the presence of differences in the same indicators, but equally. As the main criterion of horizontal optimality, the author suggests a coincidence in the rating of the quality of life of the population and the level of labor productivity in certain territorial entities. As a criterion of optimality of differences in the level of socio-economic development of territories, which is provided by the redistribution of resources, it is proposed to achieve the maximum level of growth in production in the future. Project management of territorial systems is considered as an effective measure to level polarization in the development of multi-level territorial socio-economic systems. The structure of the system of relevant institutions is shown.

The hierarchical structure of social comfort of living

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the social comfort of living in the regional hierarchical structure, which allows continuous assessment of this category by monitoring individual indicators as well as combining those with an integral statistical indicator.Materials and methods. The study utilizes a systematic method to establish a whole set of indicators that are representative enough to adequately characterize social comfort. The informational base includes monographic and scientific literature on the thesis topic, regulatory documents, publications in periodicals and the Internet, documents and materials of international organizations, official statistics of the ROSSTAT (Federal State Statistics Service), methodological provisions on statistics, information and analytical materials of research institutions, specialized reviews by various professional associations, news agencies and companies in Russia and abroad. These materials are sufficient to form an a priori set of indicators of social comfort of living.Results. The result of applying the proposed hierarchical structure is an effective statistical assessment of the social comfort of living and the empowerment of the population of the regions of Russia to increase their well-being in the long-term perspective in line with rational measures of state regulation. The research materials can be used in the development of target indicators of the strategy of socio-economic development of territories, monitoring the current situation in the field of social comfort of living.Conclusion. This article proposes an approach to the hierarchical structure of social comfort parameters, which are largely close to the index of living standards and quality of life of the population. However, this index should not be narrowed down only to the monitoring of standard socio-economic indicators. That is why we suggest that it is necessary to extend the Federal Statistical Work Plan of ROSSTAT with the list of the following indicators such as civil liberties, the ratio of work and rest time, surveys of people's satisfaction with life and basic public services which are already being developed in most developed countries, in order to address the subjective element of social comfort.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

Region’s inclusive development index as a criterion of evaluation of the territories’ socio-economic development level

The paper is devoted to examining of theoretical and practical aspects of introduction of the Regions’ Inclusive Development Index. At current stage, the works of contemporary foreign and domestic scientists are focused on the research of inclusive development and inclusive growth, where they more or less outline substantial misbalances of global economy growth models – GDP volumes growth is accompanied by inharmonious distribution of income between the entities, leading to stratification of population and aggravating poverty – and suggest a new balanced model of economic growth of socio-economic systems with growing involvement of all residents in economic growth processes and fair distribution of their results. Growing gaps in regions’ development, low credibility of GRP per capita in terms of estimation of socio-economic development of territories, their competitive ability and problematic nature objectively cause the need to introduce a new aggregated index to systemically and complexly make constructive managerial decisions to overcome negative tendencies, to conduct efficient state regional policy and to provide state financial assistance. The author’s approach to introduction of «Region’s Inclusive Development Index» in Ukraine at the level of regions, which is an analogue to international «Inclusive Development Index», which should show the growth (fall) of residents’ welfare in the region more comprehensively and promote achievement of European standards of the quality of life, which correspond to the principles of inclusive growth. The results of calculations of suggested Region’s Inclusive Development Index and comparative analysis by the rate of GRP per capita in followup of socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions in 2016-2017 show the reasonability of introducing this criterion as far as it reveals the advantages and defects of each region’s socio-economic development.

Особливості застосування smart-підходу під час розробки стратегій соціально-економічного розвитку територій

Особливості застосування smart-підходу під час розробки стратегій соціально-економічного розвитку територій

К ВОПРОСУ О ТИПОЛОГИЗАЦИИ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ

The approval in February 2019 of the Strategy for spatial development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025, in which one of the principles of spatial development of the country is designated as a differentiated approach to directions and measures of state support for socio-economic development of territories, requires scientific substantiation of the appropriate methodological tools for typology of municipalities. In this regard, this article analyzes a number of methods for a comprehensive, integrated assessment of the level of development of municipalities. Four options of our own methods are proposed for assessing the level of socio-economic development of municipal districts, urban districts and their classification: a method for calculating an integral indicator of socio-economic development level, a method of summing up places, a method for scoring each indicator, and a method for scoring each block of indicators. Testing the proposed tools on the materials of the Vologda region determined the most optimal methodology for the purposes of implementing regional and local socioeconomic policies.

Implementation mechanisms of strategies of socio-economic territorial development: methodological approach

The article analyzes strategic planning and management in Russia. At present the latter can be characterized as lacking a unified methodological approach to devising strategies of territorial socio-economic development, including mechanisms of strategy implementation. Conceptually this study relies on the theory of strategic management, regional and spatial economics, on dialectical, cause-and-effect, and other methods. An overview of approaches to strategies in Russian and international studies is provided. The article also describes the long-term challenges faced by Russian economy at the turn of the millennium and the goals of national development. The main stages of strategic planning are outlined as well as the current state of strategic planning and management. It is shown that strategic planning and management are crucial for the development of territories on all levels (municipal, regional and national). A special emphasis is placed on the case of Ekaterinburg and other large Russian cities and the possibilities of using their experience in other territories. Some recommendations are formulated as to the ways and means of creating mechanisms for implementation of socio-development strategies. The resulting algorithm is shown to be optimal for building strategy implementation mechanisms, which makes this study both theoretically and practically relevant.

An Agent-Based Model of Eurasia and Simulation of Consequences of Large Infrastructure Projects

The implementation of large infrastructure projects has a significant impact on the spatial location of production and change of trade flows. It causes the changes in migration flows and influences the socio-economic development of territories involved in the project. Preliminary assessment of the consequences of the implementation of similar projects requires the use of models. One of the modern directions of simulating is the agent-based approach. It allows to recreate a structure and behaviour of real socioeconomic systems in an artificial environment and to imitate their behaviour if external conditions change. The realism of the simulation of the main socio-economic processes determines the success of pursuing agent-based models to meet the challenges of forecasting. The article describes the construction of the agent-based model of the countries of Eurasia, imitating the basic processes of population movement in these countries, as well as the consequences of implementing large infrastructure projects as a result of the actions of many independent agents. There are two types of agents in the model: a) countries that are capable of lobbying for the implementation of profitable projects, and b) people who live in these countries, who create families, give birth to children and choose the type of activity and place of residence. In agents behaviour’s algorithm, we consider factors, revealed as a result of the research of actual migration processes in the countries of Eurasia. This has allowed to recreate in the model the imitation of people’s behaviour close to reality. The model construction was tested for two routes of New Silk Road. During the experiments, we monitored the changes of economic and demographic indicators for each participating country. Thus, for Russia the growth of total trade turnover (9.6 %) and net export (1.5 %) was observed. Participation in the project gave to China the growth 3.8 % and 7.7 %, respectively. The small countries (Georgia, Bulgaria) showed the reduction of migration outflow and improvement of age structure of the population. The model can be used for preliminary assessment of the consequences of the large infrastructure projects implementation.

Agglomeration of rural settlements as a strategy for socio-economic development of territories

Agglomeration of rural settlements as a strategy for socio-economic development of territories

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

The systemic crisis in the sphere of socio-economic development of territories is a consequence of the lack of a modern management mechanism for the development of territorial communities, which is based on the corresponding development programs.Despite the depth of studying of these scientific studies, the financial aspects of developing programs for the innovative development of territories in the conditions of financial independence of local government bodies require detailed consideration.Focused attention of researchers on the problems of management of territorial development. Attracted attention to the necessity of creating a mechanism for funding work on the development of relevant programs. It is determined that without such mechanism it is impossible to create and effectively implement territorial development programs at all levels of the administrative-territorial system of the country. All elements of the process of territorial development programming that are in need of financing are considered and which should be considered such a separate cost items of the corresponding estimate. On the basis of foreign experience (first of all the USA), it is proposed to create a nation-wide network of state information and consulting (advisory) services that would be the implementers and coordinators of work on the development of territorial development programs. It is determined that the financing of the development of territorial development programs should be carried out precisely through such services, which will ensure the efficiency and transparency of this process in conditions of financial decentralization and creation of united territorial communities in Ukraine. The proposed basic model of the process of programming the innovative development of joint territorial communities will ensure the effectiveness and transparency of this process in the context of financial decentralization.

Social oriented cluster as an instrument for sustainable development of communal economy enterprises

The approaches to understanding the concept of a socially oriented cluster are analyzed in the article. It was determined basing on the system approach that a socially oriented cluster is a regional system of interacting organizations and institutions of various branches of economy and forms of ownership whose activities contributes to solving social problems, to ensure sustainable socio-economic development of territories and to improve the competitive position of cluster-participator enterprises based on using innovative technologies. A clusterization ensures the integration of communal services into a regional economy and promotes for increasing of enterprises’ competitiveness in this sphere. The polycomponent model of the socially oriented cluster in the city of Mariupol is proposed. As an area of cluster activity city improvement, tourism and ecology were chosen. Companies in the field of city improvement will provide comfortable living conditions for the population. Planting the territory will contribute to improvement of the ecology of industrial city. Mariupol is located on the seafront and it is attractive for tourists. City improvement and solving environmental problems will increase the flow of tourists to the city, and the development of tourism will initiate the increase of small and medium businesses. The socially oriented cluster will contribute to development of the infrastructure, improvement of the ecological state of environment, rational use of the resources, development of the communal economy and tourist potential, increase of the investment attractiveness, growth of the living standard and in general increase of competitiveness of the city of Mariupol.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROLE OF LOCAL BUDGETS INCOME AS AN INSTRUMENT OF BUDGET MECHANISM IN THE CONTEXT OF DECENTRALIZATION

Introduction. In the conditions of the transformational changes in the national economy, there is a need for modernization of the formation and strengthening of the financial base of local authorities, which are subject to the exercise of powers in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine. And the very financial decentralization to date allows solving the problematic issues of ensuring the current needs of local self-government bodies, and hence the increase of local budget revenues and the sustainable development of territorial communities. Among the main tasks of the reform of decentralization of the budget system it is an increase in the financial capacity of local self-government and capacity building. At present, financial decentralization is one of the key instruments provided to local self-government in order to implement the strategy of socio-economic development of territories. By providing a significant portion of the financial resources to local self-government, in particular the united territorial communities, the government delegated some of the authority to local councils that are responsible for the management decisions made and the rational use of budget funds. The purposeof the article is to assess the role of local budget revenues as an instrument of the budget mechanism, monitoring their formation and transformation in the context of fiscal decentralization. Results. It has been established that decentralization is necessary to maximally approximate the provision of public services to the population, to improve the management system, to increase the efficiency of problem solving, transmitted to the local level. Financial decentralization reflects the urgent need to ensure the independence of local self-government bodies. The changes made to the Budget and Tax Codes of Ukraine concerning the allocation of local budgets by sources of income are considered. A new model of intergovernmental relations, which provides incentives for local authorities, is outlined. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of local budget revenues for 2013-2017 has been made, which allowed to establish the strengthening of their role as a tool of the budgetary mechanism, taking into account changes that have taken place in the context of decentralization. The features of the new model of intergovernmental relations are considered and the proposals on the formation of the revenue base of local budgets in the context of decentralization are substantiated. Conclusions. As a result of the research, it was found that in order to increase local budget revenues it is expedient to: ensure effective interaction between state authorities, local self-government, private entities and civil society institutions; to improve the mechanism of attraction and use of international technical assistance, financial resources of international financial organizations for the support of regional development; to identify and realize the hidden and underestimated development potential of each region, district, united territorial community; to raise the level of entrepreneurial initiative, use of business opportunities and the level of investment attractiveness in order to implement investment projects; to introduce self-regulation by local government tax rates for real estate and land, as well as providing incentivesfor their payment.

Актуальные подходы к управлению социально-экономическим развитием территории

The paper focuses on the main approaches to the management of socio-economic development of territories. The methodological basis of the work is the logical analysis of the existing theoretical approaches, as well as cause and effect analysis in terms of formulation of the core definitions. The authors presents an in-depth assessment of the application of the complex and integrated approaches to territorial management using the case studies of a number of regions of the Russian Federation. We also conclude that the efficiency of territorial development mirrors the level of involvement of economic and social resources in economic turnover, i.e. the degree of exploiting the socio-economic potential which is directly related to the choice of a particular approach to management of territories. That is why the optimal approach in combination with special features of a particular territory are capable of producing a significant managerial effect. The case of Perm kray’s territories aptly illustrate this condition

Social well-being of regional community in a crisis

The article is devoted to a problem of modern society’s adaptation to crisis reality. As the main indicator reflecting the level of adaptation processes the category “social well-being” is used. On the basis of monitoring of the public opinion which is carried out The Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS (ISEDT RAS) since 1996 in the territory of the Vologda region change of social well-being of inhabitants in the region for the 2000th is analyzed. The main attention is paid to the crisis periods — 2008–2009 and also 2014–2016. It is revealed that the crisis of 2014–2016 hasn’t caused a sharp deterioration in an emotional background and mental health, as in 2008–2009 what positive dynamics in reduction of people’s share with displays of mental disorders in the form of alarm, depression, and neurosis testifies to; improvement of social mood, etc. At the same time adaptation processes differently proceeded among separate social and demographic groups, first of all depending on their welfare. A conclusion that modern specifics of society’s adaptation to the crisis phenomena is the accustoming of the population to an unsatisfactory situation because of the duration of problems social and economic character which is followed by growth at people of uncertainty in the future, a habit to live for “today”.

Socio-economic development of territories based on the principles of public-private partnership in the sphere of comprehensive mineral exploration

The article explores the possibility of using instruments of public-private partnership for a paradigm shift in subsoil use in the fuel and energy complex of Russia. The modern Russian fuel and energy complex (FEC) is characterized by high depreciation of production assets, technological inferiority compared to the developed countries, etc. The solution to all these problems seems to be closely connected with the transition from extensive use of natural resources to comprehensive mineral exploration (CME), with a stable socio-economic development of territories and mutually beneficial partnership between science, business and government based on the principles of public-private partnership (PPP). The article discussed the three main directions of PPP projects development in subsoil use. The first direction comprises the projects aimed at the establishment of core mineral resource businesses on the basis of concession agreements and production sharing contracts. The second direction concerns the projects focused on the development of territories and objects of industrial and social infrastructure in resource regions. The third direction is formed by the projects aimed at the development of new industries, focused on the creation of centers of innovative development, formation of markets for innovative products and innovative clusters in the energy industry.