Relationship Of Socioeconomic Status Research Articles

Household food expenditures and socioeconomic status in relation to dietary nutrient intake in Iranian families

Purpose Examining the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) and expenses spent on food preparation on nutritional intake has always been one of the critical concerns for policymakers. This study aims to investigate the association between household food expenditure as well as SES and dietary nutrient intake in Kermanshah, Iran. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, households were randomly selected from different strict in Kermanshah, Iran. Data were collected with an SES questionnaire, a demographic data collection form, a weekly food purchase checklist and a food record. The authors performed the analysis of covariance to determine the relationship of dietary nutrient intake of study participants across quintile categories of SES and total food expenses per day. Findings Out of 125 households, 119 households including 401 people finished the study. A significant association was observed between higher SES and higher intake of vitamin B2 (p-value = 0.03). Moreover, the household members at the top level of total food expenses per day had significantly greater dietary nutrient intake of energy (p < 0.001), potassium (p < 0.001), magnesium (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.001), zinc (p < 0.001), vitamin B2 (p < 0.001), B6 (p < 0.001), B12 (p = 0.002) and vitamin C (p = 0.04). Originality/value In our study, higher dietary nutrient intake was observed in the household members at the highest level of total food expenses daily as well as SES. Therefore, governments and policymakers should pay basic attention to optimizing food costs and improving the economic status of people.

A STUDY ON SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS IN RELATION TO THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The main objective of this research is to study the level of socio-economic status of high school students in relation to their academic achievement. This study involves a survey method. The sample size of the study was 200 high school students who were selected through random sampling technique. The main hypotheses of the study are the level of socio-economic status among high school students in relation to their academic achievement. There is no significant difference between the mean score on the level of socio-economic status in relation to their academic achievement among high school students with respect to their demographic variables such as gender, school location, family types and birth order. The statistical procedures used in this study were; Mean, standard deviation, t test and F-test to analyze the data. Major findings of the study: i). The level of socio-economic status and academic achievement among high school students is above average. ii). Male high school students are significantly higher than female students in terms of socio-economic status and academic achievement. iii). Rural and urban high school students were found to be similar in level of socio-economic status in relation to their academic achievement. iv). Individual families of high school students have significantly higher socio-economic status relative to their academic achievement than joint families. v). Consequently, there is no significant difference in the level of socio-economic status among high school students with respect to their birth order in relation to their academic achievement. My conclusion is that the present study reveals that the level of socio-economic status and academic achievement among high school students is above average. KEYWORDS: Socio-Economic Status, Health Status, Environment, Academic Achievement, High School Students.

Walkability and socio-economic status in relation to walking, playing and sports practice in a representative Spanish sample of youth: The PASOS study.

Physical activity (PA) provides multiple health-related benefits in children and adolescents, however, at present, the majority of young people are insufficiently physically active. The aim of this study was to evaluate if neighborhood walkability and/or socio-economic status (SES) could affect the practice of walking, play outdoors and sports practice in a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A sample of 4092 youth (aged 8-16 years old) from 245 primary and secondary schools in 121 localities from each of the 17 Spanish autonomous communities participated in the study. Walk Score was used to evaluate walkability of the neighborhood and household income was used as an indicator of SES. A 7-item self-reported validated questionnaire, was used to assess PA levels, and in a subsample of 10% of the participants, randomly selected from the entire sample, PA was objectively measured by accelerometers. Youth from more walkable areas reported more minutes walking per day compared with those from less walkable neighborhoods (51.4 vs 48.8 minutes, respectively). The lowest average minutes spent in playing outdoors was found among participants from low-SES and low-walkable neighborhoods. Neighborhood SES influenced on the participation in team sports during the weekend, being this participation higher in high SES neighborhoods. Providing high walkable environments seems a good strategy to promote PA regardless SES levels. It seems that improving the walkability is a key component to partially overcome the SES inequalities, especially in urban areas with low SES. High-SES environments can offer better sports facilities and more organized physical activities than low-SES ones.

Examining delusional ideation: Relationships with race and socioeconomic status

Race and socioeconomic status (SES) are commonly cited as risk factors for psychosis and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, few studies have investigated the relationships between race and SES with specific domains of PLEs. Specifically, little work has examined the relationships between race and SES with delusional ideation, severity (preoccupation, conviction, distress), and delusional themes. Using cross-sectional, general population data (N = 727) from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland (NKI-Rockland) database, we investigated racial differences in delusional ideation and severity between Black and White participants, including differences in delusional themes. Then, we investigated SES's relationship with delusional thinking and the interaction between race and SES on delusional thinking. Black American participants endorsed higher delusional ideation with stronger severity than White Americans. A significant interaction between race and delusional theme revealed that Black Americans endorse significantly more delusional ideation in themes of grandiosity, religiosity, and referential-guilt. Black Americans endorse greater delusional severity in grandiose and religious ideations. Black Americans endorse stronger preoccupation and conviction – but not distress—in their referential-guilt ideation. SES was not significantly associated with delusional thinking, nor did SES moderate the significant relationships between race and delusional ideation. These results illuminate the clear racial disparity that exist in delusional ideation within a general population, which did not extend to SES in this dataset. Future work should investigate deeper into the contributory factors to these racial disparities, particularly whether they are based in psychological and/or cultural differences or are the result of assessment/measurement bias.

The Relationship of Socioeconomic Status with Motivation for Learning in Religious Studies at SMA Advent Nabire

The socioeconomic status of parents can be a factor affecting students' learning motivation. If a child's learning facility needs are not met due to the socioeconomic status of their parents, it may potentially impact the child's learning motivation. This study involves two variables: the independent variable (the variable that influences other variables) is socioeconomic status, and the dependent variable (the variable influenced by other variables) is the learning motivation in religious studies. This research uses the quantitative-descriptive correlation. Data collection was done using both population and sample methods. The researcher used the mean score to determine the level of parents' socioeconomic status and the level of student motivation in religious studies. Furthermore, the study aimed to ascertain whether there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and learning motivation in religious studies at SMA Advent Nabire, using Pearson correlation. The results of the research conducted at SMA Advent Nabire, Papua, indicate that the level of parents' socioeconomic status is moderate with a mean of 2.89 (rounded from 2.8807), and students' learning motivation in religious studies is moderate with a mean of 3.22 (rounded from 3.2135). Additionally, the study at SMA Advent Nabire, Papua, shows that there is no significant relationship between parents' socioeconomic status and students' learning motivation in religious studies. This conclusion is based on the calculation result with p-value = 0.543, which is greater than α = 0.05, and a correlation value of -0.073, which is less than the table value of 0.227.

Exploring young people's experiences of race, gender and socioeconomic status in relation to everyday challenges: A focus group study

AbstractReports indicate a decrease in youth mental health in Sweden but at the same time research suggests that what is interpreted as mental ill‐health could be considered everyday challenges by young people themselves. The distribution of mental health and illness among young people is uneven based on inequities related to factors such as race, gender and socioeconomic status. Sweden in particular is a country with large socioeconomic inequities in youth mental health and in school results, compared to other European countries. The aim of this study was to explore young people's experiences of the role of race, gender and socioeconomic status in relation to everyday challenges. Sixty‐five young people aged 13–15 years old were recruited by student health services and participated in focus group discussions at schools in the southernmost part of Sweden. Data were analysed by secondary analysis with deductive qualitative content analysis using Ecosocial theory of disease distribution as theoretical framework. The analysis resulted in one main theme; Navigating inequities to gain and keep social status, with three underlying themes; Guided by social norms, Negative impact in everyday life and Importance of family influence. Participants were aware and critical of norms and expectations related to race, gender and socioeconomic status. Experiences of prejudice and unfairness was both own lived experiences by the participants as well as observed through friends and classmates. Young people spontaneously identify everyday challenges related to race, gender and socioeconomic status, even when not asked directly about these issues. Conforming to sexist, racist and classist, expectations is a way to lose and gain status in a school setting. Many of the inequities discussed related to socioeconomic status and the direct consequences of having or not having money. Young people's everyday experience of inequities is important to consider in youth mental health promotion aiming to tackle health inequities. Further research is needed on those experiences and how this affects mental health.

Interaction of smoking and social status on the risk of respiratory outcomes in a Swedish adult population: A Nordic Epilung study

BackgroundEvidence abounds on the independent roles of social class and smoking in relation to obstructive airway diseases, but data are sparse on the impact of their interaction. We evaluated whether and to what extent social class and smoking interact in relation to risk of respiratory diseases in adults. MethodsData from the population-based studies, West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS, n = 23,753) and Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden studies (OLIN, n = 6519), were used, constituting randomly selected adults aged 20–75 years. Bayesian network analysis was used to estimate the probability for the interaction between smoking and socioeconomic status in relation to respiratory outcomes. ResultsOccupational and educational SES modified the association between smoking and the probability of allergic and non-allergic asthma. Former smokers who were at intermediate non manual employees and manual workers in service had higher probability of allergic asthma compared to professionals and executives. Furthermore, former smokers with primary education had higher probability of non-allergic asthma than those with secondary and tertiary education. Similarly, former smokers among professionals and executives had higher probability of non-allergic asthma than manual and home workers and primary educated. Likewise, allergic asthma due to former smoking was higher among highly educated compared to low educated. ConclusionsBeyond their independent roles, socioeconomic status and smoking interact in defining the risk of respiratory diseases. Clearer understanding of this interaction can help to identify population subgroups at most need of public health interventions.

IDENTIFYING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF LOW ACADEMIC GRADES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AS A MEDIATOR

Considering the psychological factors that significantly associated either positive or negative with student’s academic grades is vital to help the student’s success and persist in higher education. Therefore, this study was carried out to address the psychological correlates of low academic grades among university students. This study also highlighted the mediating role of socio-economic status in relation to psychological correlates (stress, anxiety, and depression) that affect the low level of academic outcomes among university students. For that purpose, a sample of (N=300) students belonging to diversified socio-economic status were selected by using an online G. Power sample calculator. The sample was chosen by using a convenient sampling method. In this study, the psychological correlates were level of stress, anxiety and depression that was measured by using DASS-42 item scale and the current CGPA was considered as student’s level of academic grade. Similarly, self reported socio-economic status was considered as a mediating variable in relation to stress, depression, and anxiety among students. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. The results of this study revealed that stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly correlated with the low level of academic grades among the students. The findings also showed that the level of socio-economic status of university students plays a significant mediating role in relation to stress, anxiety, and depression. Based on the results, the study suggested minimizing the level of stress, anxiety, and depression to improve the academic grades of the students. Keywords: Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Socio-Economic Status, Mediator.

Analyzing the effect of economics education on students' financial literacy and decision-making with the moderating role of the family's socio-economic status

The aim of the current research is to analyze the effect of economics education on financial literacy and decision-making of students with the moderating role of the socio-economic status of the family. In terms of practical purpose, the research is based on structural equation modeling according to the method of descriptive-correlation data collection. The statistical population studied is students studying in Urmia University in two faculties of Economics and Management and Literature and Human Sciences in the academic year of 2021-22 in the number of 1632 people, of which 313 people were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection was done using questionnaires of risk-taking, social norms, probabilistic thinking, financial literacy and socio-economic status of the family, and to analyze the data, firstly, the indicators of the research variables were analyzed using the analysis method. Multiple correspondence was calculated with XLSTAT 2019 software and then the desired model was estimated using generalized structural equation modeling with Stata 17 software. The findings indicate that economics education has a positive and significant effect on students' financial literacy and decision-making, and economics education through financial literacy has a significant effect on students' risk preferences, social preferences and probabilistic beliefs, and the moderating role of socio-economic status in relation to education. Economics and financial literacy were approved. The results of the present research support the effectiveness of policies promoting general and specific economics education and emphasize the distributive and egalitarian nature of such policies.

Relationship of Socioeconomic Status with Special Reference to Leucorrhoea

Leucorrhoea is a common female problem; recurrent especially in women of reproductive age that may or not be associated with vaginal infection or elevated estrogen levels. It may accompany vaginal discharge, vulvae burning and itching, low backache, pains in lower abdomen and legs, general weakness and loss of appetite. This disorder is associated with psychological, physiological and pathological problems. Objectives: To investigate nutritional status of girls having leucorrhoea. The aim of this study was nutritional health status assessment of girls of university with special reference to leucorrhoea. Methods: The volunteer girls of sample size 150 were interviewed in the study. For this study leucorrhoea is categorized into 3 group’s mild moderate and severe. Results: The volunteers were from university of Sargodha between the ages of 16-40. In this study it was observed that out of 150 volunteers 82.5% were leucorrheal and 17.33% were none leucorrheal physiological status of girls were mostly influenced by socioeconomic status like 53.33% girls belong to lower middle income group and physical activity was also a major factor for leucorrhoea like most girls with leucorrhoea have sedentary lifestyle (56.66%). Further it was notice that one of the major causes of severe leucorrhoea was constipation which affects 76.47% girls. Conclusions: Leucorrhoea can be reduce or by better our socioeconomic status eating well natural food, reduce tension of income and overcome constipation which is bone of contention. If we stay in nature the diseases will avoid us.

Relationship of Socioeconomic Status, Depression and Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus has different presentations and the outcome of this illness is variable. It is associated with significant psychological distress and the outcome of this disease has been shown to be influenced by socioeconomic factors. Objective: To determine the association between socioeconomic status, depression and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study carried out at department of Rheumatology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. 150 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Demographic detail, clinical history and examination findings were noted down. Socioeconomic status was assessed by history, depression was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory and disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI-2K and findings were noted down and was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.12±7.44, mean BDI score was 19.2±10.7 and mean SLEDAI-2K score was 9.94±4.91. There were 33.7% males and 66.3% females. Depression was present in 32% of the patients. Depression was more common in patients with higher scores of disease activity. This association between depression and its severity and the disease activity was found to be statistically significant as indicated by a p value of 0.04. The scores of disease activity were found to be higher in patients who were of middle socioeconomic status and low socioeconomic status i.e. in 48% and 34% respectively and the association was statistically significant (p-value 0.000). Conclusion: Depression, socioeconomic status and disease activity are significantly associated with each other in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and must be screened in every patient. Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Depression, Socioeconomic status, disease activity

Relationship of socioeconomic status and lifestyle in college going male students

Relationship of socioeconomic status and lifestyle in college going male students

Who's at the Research Table?

In this reflection, a group of undergraduate research assistants and student changemakers use a podcast to explore which students are at the research table, and what barriers are keeping many others outside of it. This student-authored paper and SoTL-inspired auditory experience dives into multiple demographic topics such as gender, race, and socio-economic status in relation to student-faculty partnerships in the research realm. Both listeners and readers are encouraged to reflect on the recruitment process they use in finding their student partners, and how they can better serve priority populations and implement diversity and inclusion in their practice.

A cross-sectional study evaluating cardiovascular risk and statin prescribing in the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network database

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. Assessment and management of CVD risk is essential in reducing disease burden. This includes both clinical risk factors and socioeconomic factors, though few studies report on socioeconomic status in relation to CVD risk and treatment. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the cardiovascular risk of patients attending primary care practices across Canada; secondly, to evaluate concordance with care indicators suggested by current clinical practice guidelines for statin prescribing according to patients’ cardiovascular risk and socioeconomic status.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study used the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) database, which is comprised of clinical data from primary care electronic medical records. Patients aged 35-75y with at least one visit to their primary care provider between 2012 and 2016 were included. Patients were assigned to a CVD risk category (high, medium, low) and a deprivation quintile was calculated for those with full postal code available. Descriptive analyses were used to determine the proportion of patients in each risk category. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the consistency of statin prescribing according to national clinical guidelines by risk category and deprivation quintile.ResultsA total of 324,526 patients were included. Of those, 116,947 (36%) of patients were assigned to a high CVD risk category, primarily older adults, males, and those with co-morbidities. There were statistically significant differences between least (quintile 1) and most (quintile 5) deprived socioeconomic quintiles, with those at high CVD risk disproportionately in Q5 (odds ratio 1.4). Overall, 48% of high-risk patients had at least one statin prescription in their record. Patients in the lower socioeconomic groups had a higher risk of statin treatment which deviated from clinical guidelines.ConclusionsPrimary care patients who are at high CVD risk are more often male, older, have more co-morbidities and be assigned to more deprived SES quintiles, compared to those at low CVD risk. Additionally, patients who experience more challenging socioeconomic situations may be less likely to receive CVD treatment that is consistent with care guidelines.

Self-Rated Health and Socioeconomic Status in Old Age: The Role of Gender and the Moderating Effect of Time and Welfare Regime in Europe

Research has shown that health status and self-rated health (SRH) are correlated not only with age and gender but also with socioeconomic determinants, such as income, education, and employment status, in the course of life and in late life. Much less investigated, however, are gender differences in the association between socioeconomic factors and SRH and how the connection differs among the European welfare state regimes. This study examines the association between SRH and socioeconomic status in later life and in relation to gender and welfare state regime characteristics. Using SHARE data, it builds an analytical sample of respondents aged 60–70 (1275 men, 1544 women) who participated in Wave 1 and, ten years later, in Wave 6. The analysis regresses SRH by gender on socioeconomic status, controlling for various sociodemographic, health, and socioeconomic variables, as well as welfare regime indicators, at two points in time. Past health variables are also controlled for in order to evaluate their effect on SRH at the time of the investigation. A significant gender gap in SRH is found from childhood to late life. The association of socioeconomic status with poorer SRH is significant over time and within welfare state regimes. Consequently, the relationship between gender and SRH, and the extent to which it varies by socioeconomic position, does appear to differ across welfare state regimes. In all regimes and all points in time, including retrospective childhood SRH, women report poorer health than men. The analysis underscores the association between SRH and socioeconomic status in relation to gender in late life and finds that it correlates differently for men and women. The odds of women experiencing poorer SRH are higher, although they become more moderate over time. Even under the most egalitarian welfare regimes, gender differences in the nexus of SRH and socioeconomic status do not favor women.

Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and Its Association with Socioeconomic Status in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The prevalence of overweight and obesity had considerably increased in developing countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, there is a large variation in prevalence across different regions. There is also inconsistency in the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) and overweight/obesity across regions. These inconsistencies could make policymakers difficult to make a decision and designing appropriate intervention strategies.

The Effect of Childhood Emotional Adversity and Later Life Friend Solidarity on Cognition

Early life experiences can influence later life outcomes such as physical, mental, and cognitive health. Previous research investigated the effect of childhood socioeconomic status in relation to mid-to-later life cognition (Liu & Lachman, 2019); however, the effects of childhood emotional adversity on cognition have not been examined. Controlling for age, education, sex, and race, the current study investigated the influence of childhood emotional adversity and later life friend solidarity on change in later life episodic memory, executive functioning, and subjective memory (i.e., perceived memory compared to others same age). Utilizing the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) database, we studied 2,752 participants (50-75 years, M=60.09, SD=6.97, 53% female, 84% White) with completed measures on MIDUS 1 retrospective childhood adversity, MIDUS 2 friend solidarity, and MIDUS 2/3 cognition. Multilevel modeling (Mplus) was used. Higher friend solidarity was associated with higher executive functioning (b=0.122, p<.01) and higher subjective memory (b=0.267, p<.001), suggesting the positive impact of supportive friendships. Higher childhood emotional adversity was associated with lower perceived subjective memory (b=-0.037, p<.05). There was no significant friend solidarity by emotional adversity interaction. Together, these findings suggest that later life friend solidarity may be important for objective and subjective cognition; whereas, childhood emotional adversity may play a role in subjective cognition. Given the associations in prior research between lower perceptions of memory and lower mental well-being and quality of daily life, experiencing childhood emotional adversity may increase risk of lower perceptions of well-being, including cognitive functioning.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Diet Quality on Overweight and Obesity in Adults Aged 40-59 Years in Inner Mongolia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES), diet quality and overweight and obesity in adults aged 40–59 years in Inner Mongolia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the survey of Chronic Disease and Nutrition Monitoring in Adults in Inner Mongolia in 2015. Diet quality was evaluated by the Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMeds). SES was measured by household annual income. Generalized estimating equations and path analysis were performed to determine the association of SES, diet quality and overweight and obesity. Results: Among participants, 63.0% had overweight and obesity. In high SES group, 66.4% had overweight and obesity. Higher SES was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 1.352, 95%CI: 1.020–1.793). And higher aMeds was associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 0.597, 95%CI: 0.419–0.851). There was a positive correlation between SES and the intake of red and processed meat (r = 0.132, p < 0.05). Higher intake of red and processed meat was associated with lower diet quality (β = −0.34). And lower diet quality was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity (β = −0.10). Conclusion: In Inner Mongolia, during the period of economic transition, people aged 40–59 years in high SES had poor diet quality, which was related to a higher risk of overweight and obesity.

Socioeconomic status and trends in utilization of catheter ablation in patients hospitalized with atrial fibrillation in united states

Abstract Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in a hospital setting. However, there is little data on the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) and the utilization of catheter ablation amongst patients admitted with AF. Methods The National Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2003 to 2014 using ICD 9 revised diagnosis codes to identify patients who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AF. SES was determined by median household income (MHI) and divided into quartiles (0–25th, 26–50th, 51–75th, and 76–100th). Trends were analyzed using Cochran Armitage test. Results We analyzed 3,618,133 patients with AF that were admitted from 2003 to 2014 (median age: 72 [IQR 61 – 81], female 52.6%). Trends stratified by MHI to compare catheter ablation rates of all 12 years revealed significant differences (Figure 1). A multivariable logistic regression accounting for sociodemographic factors revealed an increasing trend of catheter ablation utilization with higher MHI (Figure 1). Conclusion Over a 12-year period, patients admitted to the hospital with AF with higher MHI were found to have increasing rates of catheter ablation utilization due to AF. Conversely, a decline in catheter ablation rates were noted in patients with lower MHI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Relationship of socioeconomic status and oral-dental health in the Southeastern Anatolia

Aim: Oral and dental health is affected by many factors such as general health status, socioeconomic status.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of socioeconomic status on DMFT and oral hygiene habits of patients. &#x0D; Material and Method: 400 patients who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry for dental treatments were asked to fill in a questionnaire to reflect their oral hygiene habits along with their descriptive information and socioeconomic status.&#x0D; Clinical and radiological examinations of the patients were made, and the value of the DMFT index was determined for each patient. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney U and Chi-Square tests. &#x0D; Results: According to our study, the education status, monthly income and frequency of tooth brushing affect the DMFT index value statistically significantly (p