Socio-economic Empowerment Of Women Research Articles

Saving and Credit Cooperatives Services and Socio-economic Empowerment of Women in Temeke Municipality, Tanzania

The majority of the SACCOS clientele consists of low-income women who form solidarity groups to obtain credit. However, poverty has persisted among women and their communities for a very long time. This study assessed the financial services that SACCOS offer to women and the impacts that SACCOS have on women's empowerment and household livelihoods in Temeke Municipality, Tanzania. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were used in a qualitative research design to gather primary data from female members of the selected SACCOS (Mbagala Lutheran and KIUMA) on the research issue. The survey found that women use SACCOS for a wide range of services, such as savings accounts, low-cost loans, options for investing and financial advisory services. Additionally, the study revealed that SACCOS have both non-financial and financial impacts on women's empowerment and household livelihoods, including greater financial security through saving and insurance products, strengthening of financial literacy and decision-making skills among women, empowerment through participation in SACCOS leadership and decision-making, business development through access to capital and credits from SACCOS, and enhanced household ability to meet basic and material needs. This study concludes that it is through its services that SACCOS is an instrumental entity in addressing the financial inclusion gap, especially for women in Tanzania. Moreover, it is recommended based on this study that, apart from mere financial services, SACCOS and other microfinance institutions should invest in education and financial advisory services to assist women in making wise financial decisions, such as budgeting and making productive investments of capital. This is because women save more in SACCOS; however, a large number of them have continuously been trapped in a vicious cycle of financial debt, poverty, and dependency syndrome

Socio-economic Empowerment of Women in Rural Area of Udham Singh Nagar District (With Special Reference to Kiccha Block)

Socio-economic Empowerment of Women in Rural Area of Udham Singh Nagar District (With Special Reference to Kiccha Block)

Role of Microfinance and Self Help Groups in Rural Women Empowerment – A Study of Two Sub district under Mahisagar District, Gujarat

Being the most important program in the SHG movement in India, NABARD started the pilot phase of SHG Bank Linkage Program in February 1992. This was the first example of a viable SHG financed directly by a commercial bank. Informal saving and borrowing groups of the poor were recognized as bankable customers. Soon after the SHG-bank linkage was in place, RBI advised commercial banks to consider lending to SHGs as part of their rural credit operations. Linking SHGs with the financial sector was good for both sides. Because banks were able to enter the money lending market, borrowers were lower income families, household costs were lower, and repayment rates were higher. By joining SHGs they were able to expand their operations with more credit and they had productive surplus funds for more credit. (Reddy and Maneck, 2005). This research paper attempts to examine the impact of microfinance in the context of poverty alleviation and socio-economic empowerment of women. Help empower women through microfinance by supporting women's economic participation, thus promoting gender equality and improving household welfare. To study the role of microfinance and self-help groups (SHGs) in women empowerment, Santrampur and Virpur sub district of Mahisagar district have been selected, for the present study a total of 20 SHG organizations have been selected from these two sub district and Out of these 20 SHGs, 150 respondents have been selected for the research. has been selected to start the job. Here tabular analysis has been used to analyze the data collected from local survey reports.

Young Child Undernutrition: Crucial to Prioritize Nutrition Interventions in the First 1000 Days of Life.

The implications of young childhood undernutrition on health, development and productivity are grave. In the last two decades, global and Indian studies on undernutrition in under five years have concluded that stunting and underweight rate increases steadily between 0-24 mo, and then stabilises. The available evidence highlights the significance of concentrating interventions to tackle child undernutrition in the first 1000 d of life, which should aim at universal coverage of essential nutrition interventions (ENIs) and maternal-child health care package comprising maternal nutrition care, adoption of appropriate infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF), iron-folic acid supplementation, immunization, deworming, appropriate management of childhood illness etc. Additionally, it is critical to address context specific nutrition sensitive measures such as socio-economic empowerment of women, preventing domestic violence, adolescent conception, appropriate water -sanitation-hygiene and family planning services etc. Mapping of the 'at risk' households having a member falling in the 1000 d window needs special attention and is central to the ongoing efforts in India through the National Nutrition Mission/ POSHAN Abhiyaan. However, for effective implementation, there is an urgent need to consider to shift the lead responsibility of ENIs in the first 1000 d of life to the health care system in India and strategize to integrate maternal nutrition care interventions and establishing of IYCF practices by ensuring optimum use of contacts with antenatal care and routine child immunization services.

The Ways in Which Village Saving and Loan Associations Have Contributed Towards Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in Rubaya Sub County

The study examined the ways in which village saving and loan associations have contributed towards the socioeconomic empowerment of women in Rubaya Sub County. The researcher used a cross-sectional survey design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis. The study population consisted of members and leaders of village savings and loan associations fully registered with the community development officer in the Rubaya sub-county, village saving and loan associations trainers, and local government leaders from selected wards of Rubaya Sub County. The study used a sample of 144 respondents. Purposive and simple random sampling was used during sample selection. Questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions were used during data collection. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were applied. The study established that the main motives for women joining the village saving and loan associations were to save money, inculcation saving discipline, access to savings and loans as well as enjoyment of social networking with friends and other community members. It was concluded that; the women who participated in this study admitted that there is an improvement in their welfare than there was before they joined savings groups. It has put women in a position to acquire money for different activities, especially educating their children. All these benefits have been a solid channel towards empowerment. This is because it helps in the building of not only self-sufficiency but also self-confidence and esteem, hence giving women a sense of belonging in the community. It was recommended that in order to maintain the sustainability of the outcomes secured by women through village savings and loan associations and to provide capacity-building training related to their activities. It is necessary to provide demand-oriented and timely training by either government or nongovernmental organisations, particularly on saving, business skills, entrepreneurship, and bookkeeping which are basic to the associations and income-generating activities

Factors Affecting Adoption of Home Garden Farming among Disadvantaged Group (DAG) of Jhapa District

Home garden provides fruits and vegetables to the household with direct access to important nutrients that may not be readily available or within their economic reach. Therefore, home gardening would be a good means to improve household food security. The study was conducted in the Dharampur, Dangibari and Dhaijan area of Jhapa to assess the factors affecting adoption of home garden farming among disadvantaged group of people. Altogether 120 respondents (40 respondents from each places mentioned above) were randomly chosen for study. The study showed that the home garden contribution on annual household income was 19.23% and livestock component was identified as most profitable component as it contributes 50.92% of home garden incomes followed by vegetable component (25.02%). It was found that the mean annual income from home garden was NRs 37697.24 in practitioner household and was significant (P=0.05). The study revealed that age of household head, years of schooling were negatively related to home garden adoption, whereas trainings, exposure, number of species were positively related to home gardens adoption. In regard to the problems related with production, respondents ranked unavailability of quality seedling or sapling (64.2%) as major problem followed by limited cultivable land (57.5%). Home garden was sustainable approach as it relies on low external input use system and better institutional linkage, socio economic empowerment of women and disadvantaged groups made it further sustainable. This necessitates diversifying home garden approach so as to cover social and economic dimension of household resources for sustainable development and to support in livelihood system.

Socio-economic empowerment of women in India

Socio-economic empowerment of women in India

Electrification and Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in India

This study moves beyond the consensus of counting electrified households as a measure of progress in gender energy parity. Using the India Human Development Survey, we examine the effect of reliability of electrification on empowerment of women in terms of economic autonomy, agency, mobility and decision-making abilities, underscoring the labor market and respite effects of service reliability. We develop a comprehensive set of empowerment indices using principal component analysis and assess the causal effects of power outages on the indices with instrumental variable regressions while controlling for individual, household, district and caste characteristics. Results show that reliability of electricity lias significant positive effects on all empowerment indices and improves women’s labor market outcomes, however, the effects differ at the margin of deficiency, location, living standards and education. The study recommends policy focus on electrification from a gendered lens for cost-effective solutions.

Socio-economic Empowerment of Women through Self Help Groups: An Empirical Study in Odisha, India

The past three decades have witnessed tremendous emphasis and policy support to the collectivization of women into self-help groups (SHG) for their socio-economic empowerment; consequently, there is a surge in the numbers of the SHGs in the country. The present study was undertaken in Khordha district of Odisha with 80 SHG women to reflect on the impact of being in SHG on incremental employment, income, expenditure, and savings. It also assessed how the decision-making ability of SHG members is influenced by different determinants. The constraints that challenge SHG were also evaluated. The majority of SHG members were able to get additional employment under different activities by SHG finance. All the members (100%) reported increased income after they join the SHGs. Gini ratio-a measurement of inequality has shown improvement from 0.489 to 0.154 after the women joined an SHG. An upward shift in expenditure has been observed as 85% of women after joining SHG expend more than INR 2000 compared to just 11.25% before they were part of the group. Before SHG inclusion, only 25% of women used to save INR 100 or more a month but post participation in SHG, 85.25% of members reported to have saved more than INR 100 every month. However even after joining SHG, both household and financial decision-making capacity is largely determined by education level of the women, age, the number is working days. Challenges in marketing products, competitive market environment, inadequate financial services, and lesser scope of business skilling opportunities are the major challenges, the SHGs face very often. A target-specific and well-directed supports from the government will act as an enabler for the sustainable growth of this SHG initiative.

The Silent Pandemic: Increased Initimate Partner Violence in Nigeria

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been identified as a global public health problem of human rights concern. It is a global issue with far reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women, regardless of social, economic, religious or cultural group. Most of the times, IPV is usually perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner of a woman or girl and this is often due to the emotional attachment with or economic dependency of the women on the perpetrators of violence. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measure, although effective in reducing the disease spread has led to unintended negative consequences. The social, economic and financial distress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown period has increased the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence. The financial difficulty associated with the lock-down period has been known to precipitate stress and frustration, and subsequent negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse and depression; all of which are baseline triggers for intimate partner violence. This has been labelled the silent pandemic. This article examines the rise in incidences of Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic and contends that Individual Risk Factors, Financial Dependence on the Abuser, Poor Implementation of the rights of women, Cultural Perception of Women, Poor Governance and Resource Management, Lack of Adequate Social Welfare Palliative Schemes, in addition to the complications arising from dealing with COVID-19 pandemic are major factors that have resulted in the surge of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria. This work underscores recommendations to curb Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, and ensure better realization of the rights and welfare of women and girls such as Legal Framework Reform, Socio Economic Empowerment of Women and girls, Community Mobilization and Behaviour Change Communication, Awareness Creation, and establishment of Sexual Assault Referral and Counselling Centres.

Optimization of the Role of Social Worker Service Units in Legal Protection Effort against Children in Contact with the Law

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been identified as a global public health problem of human rights concern. It is a global issue with far reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women, regardless of social, economic, religious or cultural group. Most of the times, IPV is usually perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner of a woman or girl and this is often due to the emotional attachment with or economic dependency of the women on the perpetrators of violence. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measure, although effective in reducing the disease spread has led to unintended negative consequences. The social, economic and financial distress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown period has increased the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence. The financial difficulty associated with the lock-down period has been known to precipitate stress and frustration, and subsequent negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse and depression; all of which are baseline triggers for intimate partner violence. This has been labelled the silent pandemic. This article examines the rise in incidences of Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic and contends that Individual Risk Factors, Financial Dependence on the Abuser, Poor Implementation of the rights of women, Cultural Perception of Women, Poor Governance and Resource Management, Lack of Adequate Social Welfare Palliative Schemes, in addition to the complications arising from dealing with COVID-19 pandemic are major factors that have resulted in the surge of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria. This work underscores recommendations to curb Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, and ensure better realization of the rights and welfare of women and girls such as Legal Framework Reform, Socio Economic Empowerment of Women and girls, Community Mobilization and Behaviour Change Communication, Awareness Creation, and establishment of Sexual Assault Referral and Counselling Centres.

Community-based new born care practice and its associated factors among women who give birth at home in Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

Background In Ethiopia, perinatal mortality rate was 33 per 1000 pregnancies and 64.4% of this death was occurred within the first 7 days of neonatal life. Moreover, more than 2.1% of new born babies were died within their first seven days of life in Ethiopia. Majority of neonatal deaths are preventable by applying an effective and lifesaving interventions. However, little is known about newborn care practice at the community level. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was used. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to get a total of 540 mothers who gave birth at home within the past six months from their kebeles in Ethiopia. Data was collected by using face-to-face interview with structured questionnaires. Then the data was coded, cleaned, and entered into Epidemiological data version 3.1 and exported to statistical package for social science version 23.0 for analyses. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify statistically significant associations between dependent and independent variables. The odds ratio at 95% confidence interval with P-Value 0.05% was computed. Results A total of 540 women were participated with a response rate of 98.3%. Only 208 (44%) of the women had good practice towards essential newborn care. Head of households [AOR (95%CI) 2.7417 (1.80–4.25)], type of birth attendant [AOR (95%CI) 3.962 (3.329–7.171)] and bad obstetrical history [AOR (95%CI) 3.151 (2.209–4.969)] were significantly associated with maternal newborn care practice. Conclusion Less than half of the mothers had good newborn care practice. In this study, head of household, type of birth attendant, and bad obstetrical history were significantly associated with maternal newborn care practice. Therefore, Ministry of Women and Woreda women and Child offices needs to promote the socioeconomic empowerment of women to increase the practice of essential newborn care practices.

Effects of Financial Inclusion and Awareness Creation on Women Empowerment in Kalawa Ward, Makueni County-Kenya

Despite the ever-increasing number of NGOs in Makueni County aimed at socio-economic empowerment of women, gender inequalities are persistent and poverty levels are high. This is evident by low participation of women in decision making process, control over ownership and access of resources and wealth, increased poverty levels, increased cases of gender-based violence. This has necessitated the need to establish the role of NGOs in women empowerment in Makueni County. The purpose of the study was to establish the role of NGOs in financial inclusion of women and the creation of awareness on property rights for women. The anchor theory for this study is the Women Empowerment Framework by Sara Longwe and the other theories used in the study include Kabeers 3-dimensional model; the public goods theory of financial inclusion. The study population was 60 women groups in Kalawa ward, Makueni County who have benefited from the NGOs programs. The total number of respondents were 1254 and a sample size of 294 was used. The findings revealed that financial inclusion and awareness creation on the right to own resources and property influence women empowerment. The focus group discussions highlighted that the NGOs are doing very little in regards to awareness creation on the right of ownership of resources and property. Women cited that discrimination, being left out of development agenda, illiteracy and patriarchal nature of the society as the major challenge. The study recommendations were that NGOs, National and County Governments should provide linkage to markets for the products from the income generating activities by women groups. Both Government and NGOs should develop frameworks to engage women in development agenda. Keywords: Women Empowerment, Financial Inclusion, Awareness Creation, NGOs, Makueni County.

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIO ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF MANIPURI RURAL WOMEN PARTICIPATED IN FISHERIES IN MANIPUR

The study, investigated the information management behavior and socio-economic empowerment of women, who participated in fisheries activities in Manipur. One hundred and twenty women formed the sample for the study. The Information Management Behaviour of the women was operationalised as the process of identification and collection of information on fisheries technologies of origin, evaluating, storing, updating and retrieving it whenever necessary. Majority of the respondents belonged to medium category of (64.2%) information management behaviour, followed by low (18.3%) and high (17.5%) categories. Majority of the respondents used personal contacts for seeking information on different aspect of fisheries. Around 97.5 % of the respondents had the habit of evaluation of the information through discussion with the family members followed by discussion with neighbours and on the light of past experiences. Almost 94% of the respondents followed the method of 'memorization' for storage of farm information and 33.33% of the respondents were 'taking down in a note book/diary for storage of farm information. Chi-square showed highly significant association between empowerment and information management behaviour of the sampled women in the study area. Positive and significant relationship was also found between information management behavior of women with their education, level of participation in fisheries activities, experience in fisheries, management orientation, economic motivation, annual income and knowledge level. Key words: Information management, information seeking, information evaluation, information preservation, women, fisheries

The role of vocational training centers in socioeconomic empowerment of women in Nakuru Town, Kenya

The project sought to look into the role of the Community vocational training centers in the wider socio-economic empowerment of women. It aimed to find out the effects of skills training on social-economic empowerment of women, examine the impact of Technical and Vocational Education and Training on social-economic empowerment of women and explore ways of improving the performance of Technical and Vocational Education and Training on social-economic empowerment of women. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive and explanatory design. This way the detailed description comes before the final explanation. The study primarily depended on questionnaires to get study data. Findings indicate that indeed vocational training can enable women to create employment opportunities and give them access to the job market. The findings identified equal pay, access to education (including vocational training), Gender equality in the workplace, respect for human rights and non-discrimination, and gender-sensitive recruitment as factors that TVETs use to reduce discrimination and improve women’s quality of life. Vocational training centers are still subject to negative perceptions where people think that they are “lesser” institutions. The vocational centers need to shed the label that they are for failures, that they are lesser institutions, and that they are not prestigious enough. Improvement can also come through advocacy. Overall, the study ascertained that vocational training provides positive outcomes especially in the lives of women and girls. They get to enjoy increased wages, employment mobility, employment opportunities, entrepreneurship and social transformation. Therefore, there should be an increase in the number of vocational centers.

INFLUENCE OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN SELF-HELP GROUPS ON THEIR INCOME IN TIGANIA WEST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

Women’s participation in self-help groups’ activities aims mostly towards their empowerment. In Tigania West Sub-county, there was insufficient empirical literature that could be used to enhance support for the self-help groups by development agencies. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of participation in self-help groups on socio-economic empowerment of women. The study was guided by the family systems theory. Women groups that had been in operation for a minimum of four years and registered with the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection, Department of social Development were considered. The study used descriptive and exploratory research design. This was important in enabling an objective description of the items as they are on the ground without any manipulation. The explorative research design on the other hand was key in enabling an exploration of relationships among variables. The target population was all women in self-help groups in Tigania West Sub-County in which accessible population was 3610 women from 25 registered self-help groups. A sample size of 150 was selected through stratified simple random sampling. The p-value less than 0.05 (significance level) indicates that participation in self-help groups has statistically significant influence on their income. The conclusion was participation in self-help groups helped in improving level of income amongst women in self-help groups. The study recommended that women groups to diversify their sources of income to ensure that they are not over dependent on agricultural activities.
 
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Two Different Narratives of Hijab in Iran: Burqa and Niqab

Burqa and niqab are currently the two most challenging manifestations of face veil in the West. Developed based on an interpretive method, the present research is an attempt to study and analyze semantic implications of face veil among 24 Muslim Iranian women in Baluchestan Province and Qeshm Island in Iran. Semi-structured interviews and field observations were employed. The findings indicated that the connotation of niqab for the ethnic-religious minority women in Baluchestan was different from that of burqa for the religious minority women living on Qeshm Island. The Baluch women wear niqab as a sign of their collective identity and differentiation as well as maximal religious commitment vis-a-vis Shia-Persian majority; whereas burqa more than representing religious or ethnic identity, is an expressive language for native women to differentiate their personal identity. Burqa, produced in different colors and forms, is rich enough to show the marital status, social class, economic wellbeing and the age of women wearing it in a traditional patriarchal society; whereas all-black niqab prevents the identification and differentiation of the users. Burqa and niqab trade in both regions under study has led to the women-only employment in its manufacturing market, sewing and sales, although applying gold threads on some brands of burqa has turned them into capital goods, playing a more decisive role in socio-economic empowerment of women in Qeshm. Given the findings of this study, it may be concluded that various types of face veils in the world of Islam represent certain signs and symbols within ethnic-religious structures that need further deliberation before enactment of any law.

Psychohygiene as a disciplinary direction of psychological science

The article reveals the purpose of psychology as a field of knowledge related to the life sciences, and aims to learn as much as possible about the mental life of all living beings on our planet, and therefore life in general, although most in the second century of its scientific design is primarily interested in its own representations and their communities. The division into currents, directions, specializations, experiments studied by R. Trach is given, which reflects parts of integrity in the study of human mental life, which when combined do not reflect human integrity. It is noted that this natural general civilizational tendency to restore lost in the scientific period knowledge of integrity led to the need to develop a vitacultural methodology, ie a methodology for the culture of human life. The guidelines of V.A. Romenets are presented, which at the beginning of the XXI century were embodied in the development by A.V. Furman of the vitacultural methodology of psychological knowledge, presented in the metaphor of the mill of human life and cultural heritage by its thinking. A.V. Furman’s restoration of the subject field of psychological knowledge in the outlines of canonical psychology as defined by V.A. Roments as the most natural form of psychology as a science is revealed. The definition of psychohygiene as a system of means used by man and society as a whole to maintain their own mental health and, consequently, health as a whole, which does not exist without this essential property, is substantiated. In particular, it is clarified that these tools are contained in the mental health of man and in society itself and are unconsciously required in everyday life, just as the need for homeostasis is not realized until the need for special efforts to maintain the integrity of its own functioning. The article presents the methodological foundations of psychohygienic conditionality of the development of psychological theories, their general civilization and individually significant for human demand in the practical context of maintaining mental health in communities where its vital functioning; revealed the cyclical nature of the development of psychohygiene in conjunction with the psychological expression of the respective societies and communities of risks and threats to their own integrity, life purpose and the unimpeded realization of their natural capabilities. The section “Strengthening Mental Health: Strengthening the Response of the World Health Organization” outlines WHO’s approaches to promoting and protecting mental health worldwide. Ways to enhance the WHO response to mental health are specified, including early intervention, child support, socio-economic empowerment of women, social support for the elderly, vulnerable people, including minorities, indigenous peoples, migrants and affected by conflict, mental health advocacy, mental health interventions at work, housing policy, violence prevention, community development, poverty reduction and social protection of the poor, anti-discrimination laws and campaigns, promotion of rights, opportunities and care people with mental disorders. The sections devoted to the world development of the methodology, theory and practice of psychohygiene are presented chronologically: “Development of psychological knowledge and psychohygiene. The last third of the XIX – beginning of the XX century: emergence in Ukraine “,” The first third of the XX century: theoretical and practical rise and development in Ukraine “,” 60s of the XX - the first decades of the XXI century: the return of the forgotten “. It has been proven that the psychological content of psychohygiene is the purpose of all branches of psychological knowledge to create a mental culture of a person, including the culture of his own mental health. The tendencies of the current state of development of theoretical and methodological problems of psychohygiene are presented, which testify to the irreversible process of restoring the humanistic orientation of public consciousness, and with it - the appeal of psychological research to the problems of pedagogical tact, attentiveness, caution, respect for human dignity, mental and physical health. I am a person who has a particularly significant tradition in Ukrainian psychological culture. It is noted that this tradition is a reflection of the extremely tragic history of the development of phylogenetic conditions for the preservation of the life of the Ukrainian nation during the last millennium.

Role of Business Correspondence Model in Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women

In order to achieve the government objectives of equality and inclusive growth, the RBI has taken major initiation for financial inclusion. Whereas, banks have introduced the Business Correspondence (BC) Model in order to reach unbanked and under banked arrears. Whereas some of the MFIs (NGOs, NBFCs etc,.) are also collaboratively working with various public and private sector banks to act as BC network managers. In Karnataka, SKDRDP (Shri Kshetra Dharmastala Rural Development Project) is one such institution which has collaborated with various banks to provide formal financial services to poor women and unbanked area of operation. However, this study is conducted to evaluate the role of BC Model in socio-economic empowerment of women through SKDRDP. This study has collected primary data from Shivamogga region only. After testing the hypothesis the study revealed that, SKDRDP’s Business Correspondence model truly contributing for socio-economic empowerment of Women in the study area.

The Effects of NGOs on Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women: Empirical Evidence from Some NGOs Operating in Ethiopia

Women have been the most disadvantaged and discriminated sections of society all over the world, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NGOs on socio-economic empowerment of women by conceptualizing and developing five basic dimensions of women empowerment including income, saving, decision-making ability, expenditure level, and assets ownership rights of women based on empirical evidence from some NGOs operating in Ethiopia. To test the hypotheses in this paper the researcher targeted three NGOs operating in the study area for a long period of time. For analysis purposes data were collected from 80 respondents selected proportionally by stratified random sampling technique. Data collected classified, edited, and analyzed using SPSS V20. The result of the five hypotheses tested indicated the existence of a positive and significant statistical difference at 5% of significant level between prior and post involvement of women in the various intervention approaches mainly micro credit and training offered on different issues of empowerment by the NGOs to empower the women’ socio-economic perspectives.