Socioeconomic Domains Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence in Banking : The Evidence from Poland

The widespread use of new technologies has reduced the precise boundary between physical and digital realities. Dynamic development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has contributed to the digital transformation of the global economy. Given its extensive range of potential applications, AI has the potential to impact a multitude of socio-economic domains, including politics, security, health care, medicine, economy, trade, finance, taxes, and production. As the banking sector plays a crucial role in the global economy, the question arises as to whether and to what extent banking market entities are willing to use artificial intelligence solutions in their business processes. This study aims to determine the scope of AI use by key banks operating in the Polish banking market. Achieving this goal requires determining what categories of AI are used by key banks operating in Poland, analysing AI methods used by those banks, and the fields of AI implementation. The research scope covers the analysis of AI applications in the largest banks operating in Poland, which together cover almost half of the market share (PKO Bank Polski S.A., Bank Pekao S.A., Santander Bank Polska S.A., mBank S.A. and ING Bank Śląski S.A). To obtain an up-to-date overview of AI usage, the research period is 2019-2024. The empirical part of the research is supported by an analysis of the widespread use of artificial intelligence and its dynamic international development based on academic papers and industry reports.

The IMPACT Survey: the humanistic impact of osteogenesis imperfecta in adults

BackgroundThe IMPACT Survey explored the humanistic, clinical, and economic burden of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) on individuals with OI, their families, caregivers, and wider society. Two previous publications report research methodology, initial insights of the survey, and cost of illness of OI. Here, we present data on the impact of OI on the quality of life (QoL) of adults with OI and explore potential drivers of this impact.MethodsThe IMPACT Survey was an international mixed methods online survey in eight languages (fielded July–September 2021), aimed at adults (aged ≥ 18 years) or adolescents (aged 12–17 years) with OI, caregivers (with or without OI) of individuals with OI, and other close relatives. Survey domains included demographics, socioeconomic factors, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, QoL, and health economics. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the QoL data, as well as exploratory regression analyses to identify drivers of impact of OI on QoL (independent associations between patient characteristics and the impact on QoL).Results1,440 adults with OI participated in the survey. The proportion who reported an impact of OI on their QoL across individual areas in the physical, socioeconomic, and mental well-being domains ranged between 49 and 84%. For instance, 84% of adults reported an impact of OI on the types of leisure activities they could do and 74% on the type of job they could do. More severe self-reported OI and higher fracture frequency were consistently identified as drivers of OI’s impact on QoL. The proportion of adults who reported worrying about different aspects of their lives due to their OI, such as mobility loss, future fractures, and ageing, ranged between 31 and 97%.ConclusionIMPACT provides insights into the humanistic burden of OI on adults, revealing that OI has a substantial impact on the QoL of adults. OI severity and fracture frequency were consistently identified as drivers of impact on QoL across all domains. Understanding these drivers may aid in identifying areas for targeted interventions, such as fracture prevention.

Risk Scores for Five Early Life Domains and Odds of Obesity and Hypertension Comorbidity

Abstract Background For outcomes such as obesity and hypertension, determinants are likely to be complex and multidimensional. Therefore, to design realistic interventions, epidemiological research should incorporate information from multiple risk exposure domains to assess the effect on health. In this paper we explore risk scores for five early life domains and odds of obesity and hypertension comorbidity. Methods We used data from 17,196 participants in the 1970 British Cohort Study. The outcome was obesity (BMI of ≥ 30) and hypertension (blood pressure>140/90mm Hg or self-reported doctor’s diagnosis) comorbidity at age 46. Early life domains included: ‘prenatal, antenatal, neonatal and birth’, ‘developmental attributes and behaviour’, ‘child education and academic ability’, ‘socioeconomic factors’ and ‘parental and family environment’. Stepwise backward elimination selected variables for inclusion for each domain. Predicted risk scores of obesity and hypertension for each cohort member within each domain were calculated. Logistic regression investigated the association between domain-specific risk scores and odds of obesity-hypertension, controlling for demographic factors and other domains. Results In unadjusted models, higher domain-specific risk scores were associated with increased odds of obesity-hypertension comorbidity. In adjusted analyses, higher domain-specific risk scores remained associated with increased odds of obesity-hypertension comorbidity, with the strongest associations to the parental and family environment domain (OR1.11 95%CI 1.05-1.18) and the socioeconomic factors domain (OR1.11 95%CI 1.05-1.17). Conclusions Appropriate modelling choices of combined effects of early-life risk factors need to be explored and tested. Targeted prevention interventions aimed at population groups with shared early-life characteristics could have an impact on cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Key messages • Targeted prevention interventions aimed at population groups with shared early-life characteristics could have an impact on obesity-hypertension prevalence. • Appropriate modelling choices of combined effects of early-life risk factors need to be explored and tested.

Agriculture and Automation: Potential Benefits, Difficulties and Economic Impacts

In contemporary agriculture, automation and robotics are the main players. They present viable answers to issues with the world's expanding population, changing demographics, and economic standing. This analysis examines the potential and difficulties of utilizing new technologies as well as the frequently overlooked connection between automation technology and agricultural economics. This study examines the potential of automation and robots in farming techniques, as well as their socio-economic impacts, through a methodical analysis of the literature. It also offers practical advice for those involved. For this reason, a variety of robot types used in diverse agricultural fields have been examined, along with the difficulties and technical viability of adopting automation. Additional significant aspects have been examined, such as changes in the labour market, economic conditions, and demographic trends. This study also looks into the social effects of automation, specifically with regard to worker adaption and employment. It discovers that although automation increases sustainability and efficiency, it also results in labour displacement and necessitates significant technological investment. This in-depth analysis closes a significant gap by evaluating precision agriculture's future, labour market change, and economic viability. Along with outlining a future roadmap for research and policy, it also plots a course for future studies and policy-making at the nexus of agricultural technology and socioeconomic domains.

Quality of life of Retinoblastoma survivors in tertiary care eye hospital in South India.

With the increased survival of retinoblastoma (RB) patients, it is important to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of RB survivors as well as caregivers to provide comprehensive care to the children and caregivers. This study aims to assess the QoL of survivors of RB, as perceived by parents and the self-report by patients, through a pediatric QoL (PEDs-QoL) questionnaire. The study cohort included 86 RB survivors, 86 age-matched controls, and their primary carers. PedsQL 4.0 generic core scale and structured interview were administered. QoL in physical, social, emotional, and school health was evaluated and correlated with clinical and sociodemographic parameters. The mean age of the RB survivors was 5.7 years with an M:F ratio of 1.1:1. Disease was bilateral in 79% of cases. About 45% (39/86) underwent enucleation, while others received combination therapy (16; 18%), chemotherapy (30; 34%), and radiation (1; 1%). As reported by parents, the QoL of physical health domain of RB survivors was 70.2 SD ± 27.8 and 96.15 ± 13 SD, emotional health was 72.1 ± 27.4 SD and 94.4 ± 12.5 SD, social health was 80.4 ± 24.9 SD and 98.6 ± 6.2 SD; and school health was 71.9 ± 2 6.5 SD and 96.1 ± 12.2 SD. As per the self-report perception, the QoL of physical health was 68.2 ± 27.8 SD and 96.2 ± 13 SD, emotional health was 66.2 ± 28.4 SD and 95.3 ± 12.5 SD, social health was 69.5 ± 24.9 SD and 98.7 ± 6.2 SD, and school health was 63.5 ± 26.5 SD and 95.1 ± 12.2 SD. There was a significant relationship between enucleation and QoL domains, where χ2 = 67.75, degrees of freedom (df) = 36, and P < 0.01. There was a significant association between vision in the better eye (6/18 or better = 8, 6/18-6/60 = 8, 3/60 or worse = 42) and QoL scores (χ2 = 95.36, df = 62, P < 0.01). There was a substantial association between socioeconomic status and QoL domains, where χ2= 88.5, df = 56, P < 0.01. The results of the study showed that the QoL of parents of RB survivors and self-proxy reports were negatively affected in many ways, including physical, social, emotional, and school-related dimensions. Despite the small differences, self-proxy reports indicated a lower QoL than the parents' group. The study findings indicate that there are notable correlations between enucleation and visual acuity less than 6/18, as well as socioeconomic status, with various aspects of QoL domains among individuals who have survived RB.

Developmentalism, technocracy and legitimacy crises of humanities: A Third World perspective

PurposeThe visible ill-effects of the developmental enterprises in the ex-colonies and the tendency towards technocratic totalitarianism, in many ways, have altered the way modern humans perceived the idea of “progress” and “development” historically since the Cold War. This paper presents a deconstructive-transdisciplinary critique of the pervasive ideology by focusing on three nodal points in the stages of “development”: (1) the rise of technocratic modern science; (2) the making of the Third World; and (3) de-legitimisation of its indigenous knowledge paradigms.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the first-hand accounts of the researchers, social scientists, activists and environmentalists, this paper presents an extensive critique of the violence involved in the development enterprises and recommends possible ways to move beyond the developmental hegemony. This paper is a theoretical investigation that adopts an interpretative, pluralistic, transdisciplinary approach, in order to deconstruct the development ideology and analyse the ramifications of the developmental propaganda and practice as they unfolded in the Global South.FindingsThis paper highlights the need to decondition the social imaginary from the hegemony of developmentalism and its by-product scientism and “technological rationality” for an inclusive, pluralistic, democratic social order.Research limitations/implicationsThe focal area of this work is India in particular and Global South in general. It studies the era between the 1950s and 1980s when the major development enterprises took place and studies the consequences they entailed.Social implicationsThe scope of this paper encompasses every socio-economic, ecological and epistemological domain affected by the detrimental effects of the developmental enterprises in the Global South.Originality/valueThe originality of this work lies in its transdisciplinary approach. The scope of this paper is extensive and covers nearly every domain of human existence that has been affected by the development debacle and technocratic totalitarianism in the post-War era.

Mapping domains of early life determinants of future multimorbidity across three UK longitudinal cohort studies

Many studies use a reductionist approach to isolate the influence of one factor in childhood on multimorbidity rather than consider the combined effect of wider determinants. We explored how potential multiple early life determinants of multimorbidity can be characterised across three UK cohort studies. We used the National Child Development Study (NCDS), the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), and the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Study (ACONF) to identified early life variables that fit into 12 conceptualised domains of early life determinants of multimorbidity. Variables were assigned into 12 domains; principal component analysis reduced the dimensionality of the data and structured variables into subgroups. The data audit identified 7 domains in ACONF, 10 domains in NCDS and 12 domains in BCS70. Dominant components included maternal fertility histories within the prenatal, antenatal and birth domain, long-term illnesses within the child health domain, educational ability within the child education and health literacy domain, ethnicity within the demography domain, parental health behaviours within the transgenerational domain, housing within the socioeconomic domain and parental-child interactions within the parental-family domain. We demonstrated that if multiple large scale longitudinal studies are used, there is enough data available for researchers to consider conceptualising early life risk factors of multimorbidity across groups or domains. Such conceptualisation can help challenge the existing understanding of disease aetiology and develop new ideas for prevention of multimorbidity.

Drivers and obstacles on refugee entrepreneurship. The host country perspective

Refugee entrepreneurship encompasses the enterprising endeavors undertaken by individuals forced to flee their home countries. This research area has gained scholarly traction due to its profound relevance in the socio-economic perspective. To provide a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon, a thorough systematic literature review was conducted, drawing upon the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The review scrutinized a corpus of 57 scholarly articles, which were analyzed and categorized into two main themes: the profile of refugees regarding their entrepreneurial intentions, and the contextual factors within the host countries that either facilitate or impede their entrepreneurial pursuits. Refugee entrepreneurship is associated with the necessity-driven perspective, as individuals often embark on entrepreneurial ventures due to the shortage of viable employment opportunities in their host countries. However, there exists a nuanced perspective wherein some refugees leverage their innate entrepreneurial traits, finding resonance between the economic landscapes of their home and host countries. Nevertheless, the inception of entrepreneurial endeavors is invariably accompanied by some obstacles, spanning legal, financial, and socio-economic domains. These obstacles do not deter the entrepreneurial spirit ingrained within many refugees. Instead, they serve as catalysts for resilience and innovation, prompting the formulation of adaptive strategies to surmount barriers and carve out pathways to success, underscoring the economic activity of displaced individuals and exemplifying their capacity to effectuate positive change amidst adversity.

Compound events in the coupled climate and socio-ecological system

The most devastating climate-related impacts are typically a result of multiple compounding drivers among the atmospheric and socio-economic domain. Originally promoted by the climate sciences, compound event research extends to more and more disciplines, thereby turning into a truly interdisciplinary field. This is well reflected in the special issue "compounding effects as drivers of extreme events in socio-ecological systems".

Race, social determinants of health, and comorbidity patterns among participants with heart failure in the REasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study

BackgroundAmong individuals with heart failure (HF), racial differences in comorbidities may be mediated by social determinants of health (SDOH).MethodsBlack and White US community-dwelling participants in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study aged ≥ 45 years with an adjudicated HF hospitalization between 2003 and 2017 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. We assessed whether higher prevalence of comorbidities in Black participants compared to White participants were mediated by SDOH in socioeconomic, environment/housing, social support, and healthcare access domains, using the inverse odds weighting method.ResultsBlack (n = 240) compared to White (n = 293) participants with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) had higher prevalence of diabetes [1.38 (95% CI 1.18–1.61)], chronic kidney disease [1.21 (95% CI 1.01–1.45)], and anemia [1.33 (95% CI 1.02–1.75)] and lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation [0.80 (95% CI (0.65–0.98)]. Black (n = 314) compared to White (n = 367) participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) had higher prevalence of hypertension [1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.07)] and diabetes [1.26 (95% CI 1.09–1.45)] and lower prevalence of coronary artery disease [0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.94)] and atrial fibrillation [0.70 (95% CI 0.58–0.83)]. Socioeconomic status explained 14.5%, 26.5% and 40% of excess diabetes, anemia, and chronic kidney disease among Black adults with HFpEF; however; mediation was not statistically significant and no other SDOH substantially mediated differences in comorbidity prevalence.ConclusionsSocioeconomic status partially mediated excess diabetes, anemia, and chronic kidney disease experienced by Black adults with HFpEF, but differences in other comorbidities were not explained by other SDOH examined.

Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions.

The extensive history of pandemics has spanned many centuries, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and public health, and thereby shaping the course of history in various ways. Advances in medicine, science, and public health practices have played a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of pandemics over time. This review explores the scientific landscape of contemporary pandemics, examining their diverse and complex nature. It goes beyond the biological aspects of pandemics to consider socioeconomic, environmental, and technological factors. Through a scientific lens, this study aims to understand the complexities of pandemics and contribute to the expanding knowledge base that helps humanity strengthen its defenses against global health threats. By elucidating the enigmas of pandemics, the study hopes to foster a more resilient and prepared global health environment. Highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and transdisciplinary approach, this exploration emphasizes the critical need to integrate biological, socioeconomic, environmental, and technological domains to develop more robust defenses against these global health challenges.

A Self-Sovereign Identity Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Logistics Transportation Based on One-Time-Use Tokens

The advancement of the logistics industry has fostered the enhancement of operational efficacy within the socioeconomic domain. However, the current inevitable privacy leaks in the process of logistics transportation have seriously affected the development of the industry, which led to a crisis of consumer trust and even caused economic recession. This paper proposes a self-sovereign identity privacy protection scheme tailored specifically for logistics transportation contexts. First, the scheme entails furnishing users with one-time-use tokens while establishing decentralized identities capable of concealing identity information and ensuring the secure transmission of data. Furthermore, the scheme integrates fuzzy identity-based encryption to encrypt identity information, thereby guaranteeing the confidentiality and integrity of logistics user identities along with their associated data. Compared with other schemes, this scheme exhibits superior security in the realm of logistics transportation. Its targeted encryption technology and self-sovereignty strategies address the critical issue of privacy leakage, thereby safeguarding consumer privacy rights and interests while facilitating the sustainable development of the logistics industry.

Childhood Opportunity and Acute Interstage Outcomes: A National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Analysis.

The interstage period after discharge from stage 1 palliation carries high morbidity and mortality. The impact of social determinants of health on interstage outcomes is not well characterized. We assessed the relationship between childhood opportunity and acute interstage outcomes. Infants discharged home after stage 1 palliation in the National Pediatric Quality Improvement Collaborative Phase II registry (2016-2022) were retrospectively reviewed. Zip code-level Childhood Opportunity Index (COI), a composite metric of 29 indicators across education, health and environment, and socioeconomic domains, was used to classify patients into 5 COI levels. Acute interstage outcomes included death or transplant listing, unplanned readmission, intensive care unit admission, unplanned catheterization, and reoperation. The association between COI level and acute interstage outcomes was assessed using logistic regression with sequential adjustment for potential confounders. The analysis cohort included 1837 patients from 69 centers. Birth weight (P<0.001) and proximity to a surgical center at birth (P=0.02) increased with COI level. Stage 1 length of stay decreased (P=0.001), and exclusive oral feeding rate at discharge increased (P<0.001), with higher COI level. More than 98% of patients in all COI levels were enrolled in home monitoring. Death or transplant listing occurred in 101 (5%) patients with unplanned readmission in 987 (53%), intensive care unit admission in 448 (24%), catheterization in 345 (19%), and reoperation in 83 (5%). There was no difference in the incidence or time to occurrence of any acute interstage outcome among COI levels in unadjusted or adjusted analysis. There was no interaction between race and ethnicity and childhood opportunity in acute interstage outcomes. Zip code COI level is associated with differences in preoperative risk factors and stage 1 palliation hospitalization characteristics. Acute interstage outcomes, although common across the spectrum of childhood opportunity, are not associated with COI level in an era of highly prevalent home monitoring programs. The role of home monitoring in mitigating disparities during the interstage period merits further investigation.

An integrated approach to the concept and elements of tax administration: theoretical and legal aspects

The objective of this investigation is to thoroughly revise both the theoretical and legal underpinnings of tax administration. This effort entails a comprehensive review and synthesis of scholarly perspectives on the essence of tax administration, juxtaposed with a comparative examination of scholarly debates surrounding its legal and economic facets. Additionally, the study delineates the oft-conflated concepts of tax administration and tax control, clarifying their distinct attributes and interrelations within a unified framework. A meticulous analysis of tax administration's core components is undertaken, including an exploration of its various forms and methods, as well as the examination of international tax authorities' cooperative endeavors in tax administration via tax control mechanisms. Central to this inquiry is the assertion that effective tax administration, predicated on lawful tax collection practices and the principle of taxpayer integrity, constitutes a pivotal element of state strategy in the socio-economic domain. Tax administration, thus, seeks to fulfill tax policy objectives through a comprehensive array of legal and economic tools, mechanisms, and incentives.

Well-being domains in U.S. military veterans: identifying modifiable factors to promote whole health.

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs is actively transitioning away from a disease-centric model of healthcare to one that prioritizes disease prevention and the promotion of overall health and well-being. Described as Whole Health, this initiative aims to provide personalized, values-centered care that optimizes physical, behavioral, spiritual, and socioeconomic well-being. To inform this initiative, we analyzed cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of primarily older U.S. military veterans to estimate levels of well-being across these domains, and identify sociodemographic, military, and potentially modifiable health and psychosocial correlates of them. Results revealed that, overall, veterans reported high domain-specific well-being (average scores ranging from 6.7 to 8.3 out of 10), with the highest levels in the socioeconomic domain and lowest in the physical domain. Several modifiable factors, including purpose in life, resilience, and social support, were strongly associated with the examined well-being domains. Interventions targeting these constructs may help promote well-being among U.S. veterans.

Effect of Nutrition Health and Hygiene Education on Knowledge Attitude and Practices KAP among Selected Transgender Community

The Transgender (TG) community has been steadily growing over the decades, yet they face a unique set of challenges. Apart from communicable diseases many transgenders suffer from nutrition deficiency associated non communicable diseases, which decreases the quality of living. The purpose of this study was to examine how nutritional, health and hygiene education influences the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the TG population. The participants were TG individuals over 18 years old. TG individuals visiting ESI hospital Gulbarga and few TG from Bengaluru city were selected for the research. A total of 300 TG individuals were initially screened, out of which 120 were selected for the study. The study comprised administering a detailed socio-economic demographic questionnaire, pre-KAP questionnaire, conducting an awareness program with distribution of education material, and then having a gap period of 60 days a post-KAP assessment was done. The results were statistically analysed, before the awareness session (Group I), the majority of participants (60.83%) were categorized as having "Poor" knowledge, only (7.5%) had "Good" knowledge, after the awareness session (Group II), there was a significant improvement in knowledge levels. The percentage of participants with "Poor" knowledge decreased drastically to only 1.67%, with "Good" knowledge increased to 36.67%. Before the awareness session (Group I), the majority of TG participants (66.67%) held "Unfavourable" attitudes, a smaller percentage (24.17%) held "Neutral" attitudes, the least common attitude was "Favourable," held by 9.17% of participants. After the awareness session (Group II), there was a noticeable shift in attitudes. The percentage of participants with "Unfavourable" attitudes decreased dramatically to only 2.50%, with "Neutral" attitudes increased substantially to 67.50%, similarly, with "Favourable" attitudes increased to 30.00%. Before the intervention (Group I), the majority of participants (70.83%) exhibited "Poor" practices. After the intervention (Group II), "Poor" practices decreased to 7.50%, with "Average" practices increased substantially to 65.83%, similarly, with "Good" practices increased to 26.67%. Rank correlation between pre and post KAP and socioeconomic domains had significant association These findings suggest that educational qualification, family size, facilities available, are important factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the subject under study.

Association between the social vulnerability index and breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rates in Rhode Island.

Cancer screening is effective in reducing the burden of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers, but not all communities have appropriate access to these services. In this study, we aimed to identify under-resourced communities by assessing the association between the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) with screening rates for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers in ZIP-code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in Rhode Island. This study leveraged deidentified health insurance claims data from HealthFacts RI, the state's all-payer claims database, to calculate screening rates for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers using Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set measures. We used spatial autoregressive Tobit models to assess the association between the SVI, its four domains, and its 15 component variables with screening rates in 2019, accounting for spatial dependencies. In 2019, 73.2, 65.0, and 66.1% of eligible individuals were screened for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, respectively. For every 1-unit increase in the SVI, screening rates for breast and colorectal cancer were lower by 0.07% (95% CI 0.01-0.08%) and 0.08% (95% CI 0.02-0.15%), respectively. With higher scores on the SVI's socioeconomic domain, screening rates for all three types of cancers were lower. The SVI, especially its socioeconomic domain, is a useful tool for identifying areas that are under-served by current efforts to expand access to screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. These areas should be prioritized for new place-based partnerships that address barriers to screening at the individual and community level.

Social care in childhood and adult outcomes: double whammy for minority children?

Background Children in social care report poor outcomes in many aspects of their later lives. Less is known about differences by ethnicity. Objective We examined the health, socio-economic, family and living arrangements across the first three decades of adult life by the intersection of ethnicity (White, Black, South Asian) with social care. Participants and setting Linked census and life events data for a 1% sample of the population of England and Wales in the ONS Longitudinal Study. Participants were dependent children in 1971–2001 (analytic sample n = 669,474). Methods Categorical regression models compared health, socio-economic circumstances, living arrangements and relationships, controlling for country of birth, childhood census year, childhood and adult age in years, gender, and head of household social class, qualifications, employment status and marital status. Results Adverse adult outcomes following social care in childhood were conditional on the interaction of social care with ethnicity, mainly in the socio-economic domain. For some outcomes the White group had the poorest outcomes: for example, 15% lower probability of being employed than other White people (65% versus 80%). Black adults with a history of social care did not differ from other Black adults, except for the lowest probability of acquiring their own home, while care-experienced South Asian adults did not differ from other South Asian adults. Conclusion Minority ethnicity moderated the social care to adult outcomes relationship in both positive and negative ways. Overall, there was little evidence of intersectionality for Black children in social care affecting their life chances.

Examining COVID-19 pandemic-related economic and household stress and its association with mental health, alcohol, and substance use in a national sample of Latinx sexual minority and heterosexual adults.

Sexual minority adults of Latinx descent faced compounded intersectional stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic across socioeconomic and health domains. Latinx people have experienced some of the highest COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates in the United States in addition to significant economic challenges. Yet, current data have not observed the unique pandemic-related experiences of sexual minority Latinx (SML) adults. We examined sexual identity differences in economic and household stress, social support, mental health symptomatology (depression, anxiety), alcohol, and substance use among sexual minority and nonsexual minority Latinx adults in the United States. Primary data were collected via the AmeriSpeak panel, a national probability sample of U.S.-based 2,286 Latinx adults [sexual minority = .34% (n = 465)]. Data were collected from November 2020 to January 2021, during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. SML adults endorsed higher levels of economic and household stress, mental health symptomatology, and alcohol and substance use than nonsexual minority Latinx adults. Economic stress was associated with increased mental health symptomatology, alcohol, and substance use among SML adults. Social support moderated the association between economic stress and mental health symptomatology and substance use, but not alcohol use. Findings highlighted unique intersectional considerations among SML adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the importance of social support and the negative toll of economic stress on mental health and substance use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract MP04: Socioeconomic Spatial Social Polarization and Blood Pressure at Three Spatial Levels

Spatial social polarization (SSP) indices measure how a population is distributed at extremes of privilege and deprivation. The choice of spatial level for analysis impacts the results of studies of SSP, resulting in a bias known as the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). The objective of this study is to examine the association between participant SSP with systolic and high blood pressure among Black and White adults in the CHS and REGARDS studies across three spatial levels: ZCTA, census tract, and county. We used the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) to measure SSP across socioeconomic domains including race/ethnicity, income, joint race/ethnicity with income, and home ownership using ZCTA-, census tract-, and county-level data. We computed quintiles for each geographic level, with quintile 1 representing the most deprived area and quintile 5 representing the most privileged for each SSP domain measured. High BP was defined as a treated or untreated blood pressure &gt;140/90 mmHg. Multilevel mixed-effects regression models were adjusted for source study and a priori defined covariates with a random intercept for spatial level. The magnitude of the association between spatial privilege and blood pressure was higher at more local levels. We found that study participants who resided in the most polarized and disadvantaged quintile for race/ethnicity had an odds ratio of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.16), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.35), and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.40) at the county, ZCTA, and tract level respectively for high blood pressure compared to those in the most polarized privileged groups for race/ethnicity. Similar results were found for systolic blood pressure, though results varied by the ICE domain examined. These varying effects as a result of MAUP may be functions of the larger area units not capturing the underlying granular SSP distributions of deprivation and privilege and washing out the total effects of spatial polarization on blood pressure.