Socio-economic Status Of Farmers Research Articles

Climate change adaptation: Challenges for agricultural sustainability.

Climate change poses a substantial threat to agricultural sustainability globally. Agriculture is a vital component of the gross domestic production of developing countries. The multifaceted impacts of climate change on agriculture, highlighting how extreme weather events such as water stress, heatwaves, erratic rainfall, storms, floods, and emerging pest infestations are disrupting agricultural productivity. The socioeconomic status of farmers is particularly vulnerable to climatic extremes with future projections indicating significant increment in ambient air temperatures and unpredictable, intense rainfall patterns. Agriculture has historically relied on the extensive use of synthetic fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides, combined with advancements in irrigation and biotechnological approaches to boost productivity. It encompasses a range of practices designed to enhance the resilience of agricultural systems, improve productivity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By adopting climate-smart practices, farmers can better adapt to changing climatic conditions, thereby ensuring more sustainable and secure food production. Furthermore, it identifies key areas for future research, focusing on the development of innovative adaptation and mitigation strategies. These strategies are essential for minimizing the detrimental impacts of climate change on agriculture and for promoting the long-term sustainability of food systems. This article underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and the integration of advanced technologies to address the challenges posed by climate change. By fostering a deeper understanding of these issues to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners about effective strategies to safeguard agricultural productivity and food security in the face of changing climate.

Identification of Agroforestry Systems and Socio-Economic Status of Farmers in Rural Areas of Jogindernagar in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh, India

The present study was carried out in rural areas of Jogindernagar in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh with the aim of identifying the agroforestry systems and assessing the demographic features and socio-economic status of farmers. The methodology followed for the present study in order to site selection, sampling procedure, identification of agroforestry systems, data collection, an analytical framework and valuation. The study site was selected by multistage random sampling technique. The study revealed that there are six agroforestry systems viz., agrisilviculture, agri-silvi-horticulture, agri-horticulture, agri-silvipastoral, pastoral-silviculture and pastoral-horticulture which prevails among different categories of farmers. In the medium and small categories of farmers, all the six agroforestry systems were present, while in the marginal category of farmers, the agri-silvipastoral system was absent. The average family size of the sampled households was 5.59 individuals per family. The highest sex ratio was observed in marginal farmers (990) and the lowest in medium farmer category (834). The literacy rate was recorded at its highest (91.70) in the marginal category of farmers. Most of the women were employed in the agroforestry and their livelihood depends on the farm’s income. The highest percentage of local breeds of cows was found in the all three categories of farmers. Overall, average land holding was recorded at 3.07 hectares in all sampled categories of farmers. The average land holding area was found to be maximum (1.58 ha) in medium, followed by small (1.01 ha) and marginal (0.48 ha) categories. Thus, small scale agroforestry viz., Agri-silvi-horticulture system in the subtropical region of Himachal Pradesh is recommended for social, economical and environmental benefits to the rural population for their livelihood and food security in the climate change era.

Impact of pulses on technological gap and socio-economic status of farmers in North Eastern India

The study was carried out to assess the performance of cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) in terms of the Technological gap and Socioeconomic status of farmers in fieldpea crop in three states of North East i.e. Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Sikkim. Krishi Vigyan Kendras of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Sikkim conducted 1285 demonstrations in 465 ha area, 465 demonstrations in 270 ha area, and 126 demonstrations in 50 ha area, respectively in four years using improved production technology. The results revealed that the average yield of demonstration plots was highest in Arunachal Pradesh i.e 1,543 kg/ha during 2019-2020 as compared to farmers’ practices 1008 kg/ha with 53.07 percent increase in yield followed by Assam 1297 kg/ha during 2018-2019 compared to farmers’ practices (921 kg/ha). Results showed that net return in demonstration plots was Rs. 28,539/- per ha in Assam, Rs. 46,726/- per ha in Arunachal Pradesh, and Rs. 45,393/- per ha in Sikkim over farmer practices (Rs. 13,890, Rs. 24,108 and Rs. 24,056, respectively). The majority of farmers (62.66 percent) belong to medium level of knowledge in Assam and also it has adopted most of the improved technologies (53.02%), followed by Sikkim (48.99%) and Arunachal Pradesh (47.00%) which is highly encouraging and it is suggested to adopt these technologies for sustainable production of fieldpea in North East India.

Drivers of Urban Agriculture and their Influence on the Socio-Economic Status of the Urban Farmers in Uganda, A Case Study of Kampala and Mbarara Cities

The study analyzed the influence of forms and drivers of urban Agriculture on the socio-economic status of the farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. The specific objective of the study was to examine the influence drivers of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of farmers. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design using multiple data collection methods. A multistage cluster sampling technique involving simple random sampling to get both primary and secondary sampling units, snowball to get target respondents and purposive sampling for key informants and focus group members was used. Data were collected using social survey questionnaires for households, focus group discussions checklist (FGDs), key informant interview guides and observations, from a sample of 384 respondents. The study found a strong association between drivers of UA and the socioeconomic status of the urban farmers in Kampala and Mbarara Cities. Household socio-economic status has substantially correlated with the drivers of the urban farmers and out of 9 items considered only 5 was significant which include access to capital (x2 = 1.175, p< 0.047), access to agriculture extension services (x2 = 3.634, p< 0.026), access to financial grants (x2 = 5.190, p<0.001), access to markets (x2 = 6.993, p< 0.001), value addition(x2 = 3.718, p<0.014). The study confirmed a significant relationship between drivers of urban agriculture and the socio-economic status of urban farmers. Urban agriculture drivers like access to capital and financial grants, nature of market access and value addition had a significant influence on household socio-economic status.

Rainfall Patterns, Cropping Systems, and Groundwater Dynamics in Maharashtra: A Comprehensive Analysis

Maharashtra is one of the largest agricultural states in India, with agriculture being the primary source of livelihood for a majority of the rural population. However, the state has been facing several challenges, such as water scarcity, depletion of groundwater resources, and climate change, which have a significant effect on the agricultural production and socio-economic conditions of farmers. The present study collected secondary data from various sources, which was analyzed using statistical tools and techniques to determine the correlation between rainfall and cropping patterns, the impact of cropping patterns on groundwater resources, and the socio-economic conditions of farmers in the selected districts. The findings of the study suggest that there is a direct correlation between rainfall and cropping patterns, and the impact of cropping patterns on groundwater resources and socio-economic conditions of farmers varies in the selected districts. The result highlights the need for sustainable agricultural practices that are suitable for the local agro-climatic conditions and can help improve the socio-economic conditions of the farmers.

Effects of Urban Agriculture on the Socio-Economic Status of Farmers in Cities of Sub-Sahara Africa. A case of Zambia, South Africa, and Nigeria: A Review

This paper reviews the current literature concerning the effect of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of urban farmers in Sub-Sahara African Cities. The main objective of this review is to examine the impacts of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of urban farmers in Sub-Sahara African Cities. Specifically, the paper reviews the impact of urban agriculture on income and food security as well as the benefits and challenges affecting urban Agriculture development in selected cities of sub-Saharan African countries. This paper reviews different articles and papers on urban farming in Sub-Sahara Africa and globally. The review posits that there is scanty information on how urban agriculture affects farmers' socio-economic status in sub-Saharan Africa. How farmers derive their social and economic status by engaging in urban agriculture, and the types and motivations of farmers are not clear. The review suggests that understanding the factors that are crucial for food security, income and related benefits in urban agriculture is essential to developing the right technologies and policies

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND CONSTRAINTS FACED BY DAIRY FARMERS

Socio-economic status of farmer is the position of an individual on the socio economic scale, which is determined by a combination of social and economic factors such as education, income, occupation, herd size and milk production. The present study was conducted in Banaskantha, Sabarkantha and Gandhinagar district of North Gujarat. The data was collected from 180 dairy farmers from 18 villages of selected districts by personal interviewing. The result revealed that majority of dairy farmers were (78.89 per cent) in middle age group, (79.99 per cent) educated up to high school to graduate level, (81.67 per cent) were engaged in dairy farming along with agriculture, (70.00 per cent) had medium level of experience in dairy farming, medium level of knowledge and adoption about recommended animal husbandry practices. They had medium level of extension participation and mass media exposure and majority of them had received one training in a year regarding on scientific dairy farming. With regards to socio-economic characteristics the majority of dairy farmers (41.67 per cent) were in medium to big farmer category, (57.22 per cent) had small sized herd and economic motivation.

Socio-ecological Challenges and Adaptation Strategies of Farmers Towards Changing Climate in Vindhyan highlands, India.

The Indian agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change which adversely affects crop production and livelihood of farmers. The effect is more intensified in Vindhyan highlands, where prolong drought and high rate of poverty exist in depredation environment. In this context, present study conducted to explore farmers' perception, attitude about climate change and adaptive capabilities. We undertook an interview schedules survey through structured questionnaire in Duddhi block of Sonbhadra district. A total of 400 households were selected in which 347 (86.75%) male and 53 (13.25%) female respondents have participated. The perception of farmers on climate change is presented in SI (severity index) which varies from 36% to 68.63%. The statement 'rainy season decreases' ranked first with SI (68.63%) followed by 'temperature increases' SI (66.06%). This investigation identified 17 types of adaptive practices which are frequently performed in the Vindhyan highlands. Based on the WAI (Weighted Average Index) score, crop diversification (2.0), cultivation of drought-adapted crop varieties (1.99), changing plantation calendar (1.95) were the most adopted practices. Multiple regression analysis between the socio-economic status of farmers and the adaptation practices, recorded a significant positive relationship with age (P < 0.01), family size (P < 0.05), education (P < 0.01), caste categories (P < 0.05) and livestock ownership (P < 0.01) of farmer. This study will be helpful in developing drought resilience farming practices for sustaining the livelihood of farmers and inform policy making.

DAMPAK PENGEMBANGAN AGROWISATA KOPI TERHADAP SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI DI DESA COLOL KECAMATAN LAMBA LEDA TIMUR KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR

This research was conducted in Colol Village, East Lamba Leda District, East Manggarai Regency in February 2023. This study aims to determine: (1) the activities carried out by coffee agrotourism farmers in Colol Village (2) the impact of developing coffee agrotourism on the socio-economic conditions of farmers (3) Differences in income of coffee agro-farmer farmers before and after Colol Coffee Agro-tourism was established (4) contribution of coffee farming income to coffee farmer household income. The analytical tool used is the Paired Sample T-test and Revenue Contribution analysis. The results showed that (1) the activities carried out by Colol Coffee Agrotourism farmers in tourist attraction areas such as: land clearing, promoting and selling coffee, making agrotourism facilities, a guide caffee shop and home stay (2) the impact of Colol Coffee Agrotourism development brought socio-economic changes to the people in Colol Village such as: Increasing job opportunities and training people to be more creative and innovative (3) the income of farmers after the inauguration of agro-tourism is higher than the income of farmers before the inauguration of agro-tourism, which is shown by the results of the Paired Sample T-test which has a value of 0.015 (&lt;0.05) (4) The amount of contribution from coffee farming to the total farmer household income that is equal to 79,55%.

Impact Assessment of Check Dams on Irrigation Potential and Effect on Socio Economic Condition of Farmers in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Impact Assessment of Check Dams on Irrigation Potential and Effect on Socio Economic Condition of Farmers in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

The Determinants of Socio Economic Status of Farmers – A Systematic Literature Review

Socio-economic status (SES) is conceptualized as the social and economic standing or class of an individual or family. Socio-economic status of farmers is an important variable in agricultural social sciences studies. While it is often estimated with various indicators, however, these indicators are inconsistent and irrelevant. An attempt was made to extract the various variables used to measure the socio-economic construct and redefined it into a precise concept. A systematic review of the studies reporting the socio-economic conditions of farmers was performed by adopting the The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) best practices method and identified 235 studies. Vote counting was used to generate the determinants of SES in the selected studies. It was observed that the precise concept of SES in agricultural studies was not found. Literature Review identified 39 variables in measuring the socio-economic conditions of farmers. These variables were observed, redefined, and relevant indicators were classified into two groups: social and economic status. These include their education, occupation, income per capita, expenditure, savings, land ownership, livestock status, indebtedness, area under crops and material possession in house and farm, housing conditions, social participation, family size, caste, marital status, dependency ratio, extension contact, and mass media participation. The above-mentioned variables under the social and economic standing of farmers could be adopted by the researchers, and policymakers based on the areas of interest in studying the SES of farmers.

Village Adoption Programme: A Benchmark Survey Report of Damera Village

Benchmark survey was conducted during the year 2020 in adopted village, Damera of Agricultural College, Warangal to collect information on various aspects like socio-economic conditions of farmers, demographic profile, land holding, cropping pattern, farming system practices and constraints faced by farmers, adoption and technology gaps of new agricultural technologies/varieties. Participatory rural appraisal techniques like direct observation, social mapping, venn diagram, timeline, seasonal calendar, resource mapping and transect walk were followed with the involvement of farmers to find out the information about problems, needs and potentials of the village. The study report shows that, majority of the farmers belong to marginal farmers (75.20%). It was observed that farmers highly depend on local dealers for purchasing seeds. Hybrids were preferred in cotton and maize cultivation and mainly purchased from local shop dealers. Hence, demonstration on popularization of new agricultural varieties/knowledge on remunerative cropping systems and need based location specific capacity building programmes must be conducted to the farmers for improvement in their socio economic status.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Integrated Solar Photovoltaic Winnower-Cum Dryer for Drying Date Palm Fruit

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits are widely grown in rural areas of arid Rajasthan of India. The grown date palm fruits are generally dried in forced convection mode. However, given the socio-economic status of farmers, dryer facility affordability has become crucial. Additionally, there is a critical need for a simple winnower, especially with its operation. To address the highlighted issues with the dryer and winnower and given a location already receiving abundant solar radiation, a solar photovoltaic (PV) winnower cum-dryer was designed and developed. The developed winnower cum-dryer was tested in actual conditions to realize the performance. First, the drying experiment for dehydrating date palm fruits and, second, the winnower experiment for separating grains from straw were carried out. The date palm fruits used for experimentation have a moisture content of 65% on a wet basis. During the drying trial, the dryer reduced this moisture content by 39% in 6 days. In contrast, in the open sun drying, it took 8 days. The drying chamber’s temperature gradient was reduced to 2–3 °C from 6–8 °C in the system provided with a preheater, resulting in uniform drying. The observed effective moisture diffusivity and the dryer’s efficiency are 4.34 × 10−9 m2·s−1 and 16.1%, respectively. A high IRR of 57.4% and a shorter payback period of 2.10 years were found in the economic analysis, indicating that the dryer is cost-effective. The winnower operation results suggest that about 200–300 kg grains could be separated daily when used as a winnower without natural wind. Overall, the developed winnower cum-dryer produced better-quality dried date palms in a shorter time than open drying by efficiently using solar energy and separating the grains from straw to enhance the utility throughout the year.

DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI DI NAGARI SALIDO KECAMATAN IV JURAI KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN

Agricultural land is now starting to be converted for development because agricultural land can be purchased at affordable prices and then the land is conditioned to be used as development land. The shift in the function of agricultural land will certainly have an impact on people's lives in the future, both from a social and economic perspective. The purpose of the study was to describe the impact of housing development on the socio-economic conditions of farmers in Nagari Salido, District IV Jurai, Pesisir Selatan Regency. The theory used in this research is the Structural Functional theory proposed by Robert K Merton. The research was conducted in Nagari Salido, District IV Jurai, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This research uses qualitative research method with descriptive research type. Withdrawal of informants is done by purposive sampling technique. The method of data collection in this study began with observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. Data analysis techniques in research can be carried out in several stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there were several impacts of housing development on the social and economic conditions of the community, including: 1) Farmers lost their jobs. 2) Lack of interaction between immigrant communities and local communities, and 3) Opening new job opportunities for the surrounding community

Management and protection of large old tree species in farmlands: Case of Milicia excelsa in southern Benin (West Africa)

Agroforestry systems are the last refuge habitats for many large old trees. This study assessed the management and the protection of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) trees in agricultural landscape of Dogbo district in southern Benin. A socio-economic survey with 288 respondents combined with an inventory of M. excelsa trees in agricultural lands were carried out. A total of 404 Iroko's trees were geolocated in 10 stands ranging in size from 102 to 1476 ha. The pair correlation function has been used to assess the spatial patterns of Iroko trees. The density of Iroko trees varies moderately from 1.69 ± 0.19 to 0.07 ± 0.02 stems/ha respectively in farmland and landscape with a spatial distribution ranging from gregarious to random - gregarious - random. The diametric structure of Iroko trees presents a bell-shaped appearance with a left asymmetry. The vertical structure shows a bell-like appearance centered on the modal class made up of individuals of height between 14 and 16 m. Timber exploitation (14%), rarefaction of the species and its attribute of sacred tree (98%) are the main motivations for protecting plants in agricultural lands. The medicinal use of the plant parts of Iroko is mainly based on the bark (33%) and leaves (24%). Except the socioeconomic conditions of farmers, the cultural foundations contribute the most to the preservation of M. excelsa in the agricultural lands. Thus, a participatory reforestation program integrating the endogenous values of local populations in the use of agroforestry systems as biological corridors could be successfully implemented. It would allow the preservation of large old trees from the increasing pressure on their populations in the future.

A Study on Personal Demographic Traits of Farmers towards Kisan Call Centre in Ayodhya District of Uttar Pradesh

India is known as the "Land of Farmers" because agriculture employs the majority of the country's population. The current scenario of farmers' socioeconomic status should be studied in regards to substantial government initiatives to raise the status of both the agricultural sector and the farmers to a commendable level of development. Socio economic condition of farmers have a connection with the level of efficiency and success rates of government projects and initiatives. This study was conducted on 150 farmers reaching out to the Kisan Call Centre of Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh about their queries.

Study of Agroforestry System and Socio Economic Status of Farmer in Leparada dist of Arunachal Pradesh

Study of Agroforestry System and Socio Economic Status of Farmer in Leparada dist of Arunachal Pradesh

Collaborative Management of Rice Field for Household Food Security: The Case of Santri Tani Sukabumi Regency

The collaborative rice field management that has been carried out in Ciracap Village, Ciracap District, Sukabumi Regency, aims to achieve the level of food security of farmer households. The stakeholders have roles as capital providers, facilitators, and off-takers. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the effectiveness of collaboration can provide positive changes to the level of food security of farmer households in Ciracap Village. This research started from February to August 2021, using mixed methods. The data collected was obtained based on a survey method with a questionnaire instrument for quantitative methods, as well as observations and in-depth interviews for qualitative methods. Quantitative data were processed using a multivariate test with MANOVA analysis, while qualitative data is processed by data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results showed that the collaborative process of rice field management was based on a high level of trust between the closest stakeholders. However, based on the administrative data that is not on field conditions, the effectiveness of the collaboration process on the level of household food security is less effective. The effectiveness of collaboration tends to be weak because the program implementation has not yet fully guaranteed the fulfillment of food for farmer households. This is indicated by the socio-economic conditions of farmers that have not changed positively because the quality and quantity of rice production are not in line with the target.

Peran Kelompok Tani dalam Peningkatan Status Sosial Ekonomi Petani Padi Sawah

This study aims to determine the role of farmer groups in improving the socio-economic status of rice farmers before and after becoming members of farmer groups. This research method is descriptive. Determination of the number of samples using the proportional sampling method. The results showed that farmer groups played a role in improving the economic status of lowland rice farmers with a total score of 1,283 and an average of 33.76. In conclusion, the socio-economic status of farmers before becoming a member of a farmer group was low and increased to high after becoming a member of a farmer group.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Farmers Group, Rice Fields, Role, Farmers

Prospect of Floriculture on Socio-Economic Condition Of Farmers in Gadkhali, Jashore, Bangladesh

Abstract not available&#x0D; Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(1): 77-87, March 2020