Socio Demography Research Articles

IJCM_322A: A Study on Nutritional Status and its Determinants among Under-Five Children in Brick-kilns of a Rural Area of Hooghly District, West Bengal

Background: Brick-kiln workers’ children face elevated malnutrition risk from limited healthcare, poor facilities, poverty, infections, nutritional deficits, and awareness gaps, complicating intervention efforts due to their migratory work. Objectives: 1. To assess the nutritional status of under-5 children in brick kilns of a rural area of Hooghly district, West Bengal 2. To find out the factors associated with the nutritional status of the study participants. Methodology: A setting based cross-sectional study was conducted with simple two-stage cluster sampling in selected brick kilns of a rural area of Singur, Hooghly district, West Bengal from June to December 2023 among 162 participants. Participants were interviewed after obtaining informed consent about socio demography, Immunisation, WASH practices (WHO/ UNICEF JMP), dietary diversity (IDDS) and Household Food insecurity (HFIAS). Quantitative analysis was done using SPSS v16. Thematic analysis was done for qualitative strand and is still under process. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee of AIIH&PH, Kolkata. Results: One-third of the children were more than 2 years old while male: female ratio was 1:1. 60% caregivers were illiterate. Stunting, underweight and Wasting was found to be 64%, 45%, 26% respectively. WASH practices were found inadequate for water practices (20%), sanitary practices (41%) & hygiene (50%). Still one-fourth of the participants were not fully immunised. Food diversity was absent in half of the participants while two-third participants were found to be food insecure. Maternal malnutrition, unimproved sanitary & hygiene practices, incomplete immunization, dietary diversity and household food insecurity were found to be significant (p value <0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed poor immunization status, malnutrition in children of Brick kiln workers. There is an urgent need for strengthening the health and nutritional interventional programmes for children of migratory population.

A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding self-care management among HIV/AIDS clients receiving art at art Centre BIMS Belagavi

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the chronic and progressive diseases that have complex health problems. Promoting self-care management for people living with HIV includes addressing complex issues such as lack of knowledge, social stigma and medications adherence. This under taken investigation is aimed to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding self-care management among HIV/AIDS clients receiving art at art centre BIMS Belagavi. Research design: The pre- experimental one group Pre-test and post-test Design is find suitable for the present study. Setting of the study: This study has conducted at ART center at BIMS Hospital, Belagavi. Sampling Technique: The 60 HIV/AIDS Clients attending ART center at BIMS Hospital Belagavi, were selected using non- probability convenient sampling technique. Tools for the study: Structured questionnaire tool has used to collected desired data it has two parts, a) socio demography variables b) structured knowledge questionnaires on knowledge on self-care management Results: The result reveals that the average age of participants was 40 years In pre-test none of the participants had good knowledge, around 11.66 percent had average knowledge, 75 percent of participants has poor knowledge and 13.33 percent had very poor knowledge regarding self-care management. In post-test around 21.66 participants had good knowledge, 61.66 percent had average knowledge, 16.66 percent of participants has poor knowledge and none of the participants had very poor knowledge regarding self-care management. Significant association was found between the pre-test knowledge score of clients with their socio-demographic variables like age, gender, education, occupation and Marital status among the clients attending ART centre at BIMS Belagavi. Conclusion: Results shown that in pre-test majority of the HIV/ AIDS clients had poor knowledge about self-care management and in post-test majority of the clients had good knowledge about self-care management. Hence it indicates that the video assist teaching is effective in enhancing the knowledge about self-care management among HIV/ AIDS clients attending ART centre.

A cross-sectional survey-based study of the cold and heat pattern of recovering patients after COVID-19 at the University medical center at Ho Chi Minh City branch 3 and students of the faculty of Traditional medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City.

Due to the surge of the post-COIVD-19 patients, numerous publications were recently presented, including applying Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in accelerating recovering pace. However, most TCM studies mainly focused on interventions and their effect on the patients. In the general characteristic of the post-COVID-19 syndrome in TCM, this study identified the relationship between post-COVID-19 syndrome and cold–heat patterns, one of the essential principles of the Eight Principles in TCM. We established a cross-sectional study on 384 participants at University Medical Centre HCMC - branch No.3 and the faculty of Traditional medicine, UMP, from January 2022 to April 2022 (including outpatients, inpatients, and students). A questionnaire was built to collect data on socio–demography, post-COVID-19 status, and cold-heat patterns. Cold-heat patterns were gathered based on the “Cold and heat patterns identification questionnaire” developed by Yeo M et al. (2016). All eligible participants were free to choose a suitable interview method, including by phone, by URL link, or by face-to-face interview. We enrolled 384 eligible patients, and 17 samples were removed due to missing. The median age was 33 (24 - 42) and the median BMI was 21.97 (19.78 – 23.88), and females took up to 62%. We found the relationship between gender and cold-heat pattern with post-COVID-19 status (p<0.05). The relevance of post-COVID-19 status and cold–heat patterns took the first step in comprehensively observing general TCM characteristics of the post-COVID-19 syndrome.

A Cultural Approach (Socio Demography) in Preventing Covid-19 Disease in the Family

Handling the Covid-19 pandemic can be assisted by a cultural approach as disease and culture are two related things, disease is often caused by culture or in other words, disease can occur due to certain cultures that exist in social life. In addition, the disease can have a socio-cultural effect. Thus, socio-cultural factors generally affect efforts to control and prevent Covid-19 disease. In addition, the involvement of the family in the control and prevention of Covid-19 is very important, in addition to controlling the transmission, it also stabilizes the control of the spread of the virus. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of culture on the prevention of Covid-19 in the family. This study used an associative analytical design through a transversal approach. The population consisted of all families affected by the Covid-19 case in South Kalimantan. Bivariate data were analyzed with chi-squared and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. There was a relationship between sex, education, marriage, occupation, income and distance from health services with the prevention of covid 19 in the family (ρ <0.05), and there is a shared influence between gender, education, marriage and work on the prevention of covid 19 in the family (ρ <0.05). It is up to the community to redouble its efforts to prevent covid 19 disease in the family, so it is necessary to take a cultural approach to prevent covid 19 in the family.

Motivasi Wisatawan Mancanegara Berkunjung Ke Taman Nasional Kelimutu, Kabupaten Ende, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

East Nusa Tenggara Province is one of the tourist destinations in Indonesia, by offering various kinds oftourism objects both natural attractions, beach tourism, and cultural tourism. One of the tourist destinations in EastNusa Tenggara that is rich in tourism objects and attractions is Kelimutu National Park Ende Regency, Flores, NTT,noted from the Kelimutu National Park Hall, that tourist visits continue to increase from 2014 to 2018, for the pastfive (5) years. From this it is an interesting thing to be used as a research entitled Motivation of Foreign TouristsVisiting Kelimutu National Park. With the aim of this study to obtain profiles and motivations of foreign touristsvisiting the Kelimutu National Park. The method of this study uses data types namely qualitative and quantitativedata (by carrying out 93 questionnaire distributions to foreign tourists). The results of this study are profiles offoreign tourists visiting Kelimutu National Park based on the Trip Descriptor and Tourist Descriptor which are seenfrom the characteristics of Socio demography, Geography, Psycography. Then the motivation of foreign touristsvisiting the Kelimutu National Park is based on the types of tourists, namely Allocentric.Keywords : Tourist Motivation, Kelimutu National Park, East Nusa Tenggara

Organic farm products and socio demography

The literature highlights the growing consumers wish to purchase products produced organic. They believe that it is healthy and concerned about their environment. This way of consumers, which leads to willingness in purchase decision on products produced organic. The present study focuses on examining the relationship among various demographic factors and consumer willingness to buy Organic farm Products. To collect a primary data from respondent’s survey method is used. The study consists of 100 samples a non-probability convenience sampling technique is used. Further, one way-ANOVA were used to predict the relationship among demographic factors and consumer willingness to buy Organic farm Products. For statistical analysis, version 20 of SPSS is used. The study found that gender and consumer willingness to buy Organic farm Products, age and consumer willingness to buy Organic farm Products, educational qualification and consumer willingness to buy Organic farm Products and employment status and consumer willingness to buy Organic farm Products have a significant relationships. However the study test other demographic character marital status, this characters don’t have a relationship with willingness to buy Organic farm Products.

THE EFFECT OF ABILITY, SOCIO DEMOGRAFI AND SELF EFFICACY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF MENTAWAI ISLAND INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY

This research aims to test the effects of ability, socio demography, self efficacy on entrepreneurial intention of Mentawai Island indigenous community. This research is based on National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) 2014-2016 which describe the number of unemployment, Statement by Regent of Mentawai Island about enterprises in Mentawai Island Regency were more dominated my migrants and foreign workers, Mentawai Island Regency was including in the 122nd underdeveloped regencies in 2015-2019, and development of entrepreneurs is considered as a strategic step in maintaining national economic problems. The number of samples in this study 90 respondents, obtained by using accidental sampling method. Hypothesis testing using multiple regression. Based on testing results in the first hypothesis, it is found out that ability influences significantly on entrepreneurial intention. The second hypothesis shows that socio demography influences significantly on entrepreneurial intension. And the third hypothesis also shows that self efficacy influences significantly on entrepreneurial intension

Knowledge and practice towards glaucoma among glaucoma patients at University of Gondar Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center.

For better treatment outcome, exploring the knowledge of glaucoma and practices among glaucomatous patients is much more important. The aimed of this study was to determine the knowledge and self-care practice and their associated factors towards glaucoma and its medications among glaucoma patients. Cross section design study was conducted between May and July, 2017. The data was collected from glaucoma patients. Descriptive statistics was done to summarize socio demography data and associated factors with good knowledge and good practice were determined using binary logistic regression. Statistically significant variables were generated by considering p-value < 0.05. A total of 360 glaucoma patients were participated in this survey. The median age of the participant was 65 years. About 177 (49.25%) (95%CI: 43.9, 54.4) had good knowledge and a total of 197 or 54.7% (95%CI: 49.4, 59.7) had good practice about glaucoma and its medical treatments. The factors such as residence, marital status, educational status and stages of glaucoma of study participants were independently associated with having good knowledge. With respect to practice, educational status, duration of glaucoma, laterality and frequency of follow up were significantly associated with practice status of study participants. In this study among glaucoma patients in a tertiary hospital, only half of patients have good knowledge about the disease and good practice pattern. Those with urban residence, higher education status and advanced stage of glaucoma were more likely to have good knowledge.

Prevalence, Knowledge and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Among Pregnant Women in the Loum Health District, Cameroon

Infection with Hepatitis B virus continues to be an important global public health problem with millions of people worldwide affected. Around 2 billion people have been exposed to hepatitis B globally, and about 257 million people are living with hepatitis B particularly in the Low and Middle-income countries. Cameroon is endemic and pregnant women are rarely screened routinely in most health facilities in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, knowledge and risk factors of hepatitis B among pregnant women in Loum Health District. This study was a cross sectional hospital and community-based carried out among pregnant women in the Loum Health District. All the 5 health areas and 24 health facilities were included. Data on the socio demography and knowledge on hepatitis B infection was collected using a structured questionnaire. Pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) using the DiaSpot One Step Hepatitis B test. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. The Chi square test was used to compare proportions and the logistic regression model was fitted to find out factors independently associated with knowledge, prevalence and attitude. Of the 200 pregnant women screened, 18 (9%) were positive for hepatitis B virus. Higher prevalence was observed for the age group 16-25 (10.8%) and primary level of education 7 (13.5%). The results showed that pregnant women had inadequate knowledge on HBV infection. History of multiple sex partners (AOR=5.58, P=0.001), history of surgery (AOR=3.04, P=0.026) and history of tattooing (AOR=2.36, P=0.041) were all significantly associated with hepatitis B sero-positivity. The prevalence of HBsAg was 9% with only one third of participants having adequate knowledge on Hepatitis B. Although hepatitis B is recognized to be one of the major health problems, pregnant women in the Loum health district were less aware of its mode of transmission, consequences and prevention. History of surgery, tattooing, multiple sexual partners were factors that increase hepatitis transmission. Compulsory screening of pregnant women in hospital and health educative talks on Hepatitis B during antenatal visit could create more awareness among pregnant women.

Household travel survey method for vehicle kilometers travel estimations: A case study in a developing country

Vehicle Kilometers Travelled (VKT) represents number of kilometers travelled by vehicles during a specific period of time in a specific area of concern. Transportation planners, policy makers, urban planners, and estimators of vehicle emission, energy consumption and fuel-price encourage the calculation of VKT for various analytical purposes. However, in most of the developing countries VKT is not estimated due to data challenges. This study aimed at proposing a household travel survey method for estimating VKT in developing countries where timely VKT data are not available. Also, estimating Personal Kilometers Travelled (PKT) seems important in developing countries, since the majority is using public and non-motorized transport modes rather than personal vehicles in those countries. This proposed method allows to collect data that are needed for estimating both VKT and PKT together with socio demographic information. A case study was conducted in three different regions; Northern, Eastern and Southern areas of Sri Lanka, which is a developing country. Questions were asked regarding to trips in a typical week, trips in holidays, special seasons or vacations, number of passengers travelled, travel modes and, socio demography of the respondent. Pilot surveys were conducted prior to the actual surveys to verify the efficiency of developed questionnaire. Samples were taken satisfying all the selected socio demographic categories within the community. Collected data through surveys were aggregated to annual level and, weighted using relevant census and population data. Weighted VKT and PKT estimates were obtained under each selected socio demographic category. Also, VKT estimates were statistically compared for studying the travel behavior of people across different regions. ANOVA and Post Hoc tests were employed for statistical comparisons. These findings can efficiently be used for transport planning, policy making activities, emission calculations, energy consumption estimations etc. by transport and environmental agencies of the country. The case study revealed the experience of utilizing the household travel survey method in Sri Lanka, making it possible to be replicated in other developing countries as well.

Ocular Biometry and Intra Ocular Lens Power among Cataract Patients in Rural Eastern Ethiopia.

The objective of the study was to report on the main parameters of ocular biometry and Intraocular lens (IOL)power of patients attending a cataract surgical campaign in Eastern Ethiopia. The study was a cross-sectional study on 765 eyes which were eligible for cataract surgery during a mass cataract surgical campaign conducted from April 04 to April 10, 2018 at Bisidimo Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Ocular biometric parameters were measured by automated keratorefractometer and Sonomed A-Scan (Model 300AP) using contact applanation method. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to determine association of ocular biometry components with socio demography of the study subjects. The mean corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth (ACD, measured from corneal epithelium to lens) were found to be 7.61 mm and 2.88mm respectively. The mean axial length was estimated to be 22.98 mm. The mean refractive power of IOL was calculated to be 19.34D. The mean axial length in females was shorter than that of males by 0.24 (P - value = 0.01). The mean ACD in males was also larger than that of females by 0.1 (P - value = 0.001). This study provided a larger population based normative data on ocular biometry in Ethiopia. The female sex was a strong predictor of small axial length. Increasing age had no effect on axial length but was found to be a stronger predictor of shallow ACD.

PROFIL PENGGUNA, TUJUAN PERJALANAN, DAN FAKTOR PENDORONG PENGGUNAAN OJEK ONLINE DI YOGYAKARTA

Abstract&#x0D; The phenomenon of the increasing number of online motorcycle-based ride-hailing (MBRH) users from year to year raises the hypothesis that this paratransit transportation service is the most common use by the Indonesian people in general. A few studies revealed that the characteristics of the ride-hailing user are younger, highly educated, and relatively higher income. Yogyakarta City Area (YCA) is a city of education that has a similar citizen characteristic, as mentioned before. This study aims to investigate the relation between socio-demography factors with the frequency of using motorcycle-based ride-hailing in YCA as alternative transportation modes used by the local citizen. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to explore the characteristic of ride-hailing user, trip destination and latent variable that affected of using motorcycle based ride-hailing. The result of this study showed that trip to airport/station is the most potential destination to use MBRH. In the other side, driver-friendly behavior is the most preferred factor for MBRH users in Yogyakarta&#x0D; Keywords: Motorcycle-Based Ride-Hailing, Socio Demography, Descriptive analysis

Prevalence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) at Khulna Division of Bangladesh

Back ground: Cervical cancer is the most common genital tract cancer and the important cause of cancer death among Bangladeshi women. Information about actual number of women living with preinvasive phase of cervical cancer and their diagnosis and treatment is limited. For strengthening the programme and policy for cervical cancer prevention , the baseline prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN) need to be assessed.&#x0D; Methods: This population based study aimed to determine the prevalence of CIN among women of Khulna division of Bangladesh. Data has been collected from four upazila of four districts of Khulna division. VIA and colposcopy and histopathology was used for detection of cervical pre-cancers and early cancers among 1232 women of the mentioned population.&#x0D; Results: Crude prevalence of CIN was 5.84 %,CIN-II 1.1% and CIN- III .73% in colposcopically directed biopsy. Ninety two participants with CIN received treatment at the Colposcopy Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Khulna Medical College Hospital (KMCH).&#x0D; Conclusion: This population based prevalence study of CIN and socio demography would have conducive effect on future cervical cancer prevention programme.&#x0D; Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 21-28

Impact of Hydrocarbon Extraction in Neduvasal: A Psycho- Social Assessment

Hydrocarbon extraction clean extraction method that leaves little or no hydrocarbon residue when properly utilized. At the end of the hydrocarbon extraction process, the resulting extract is clean and contains very high levels of cannabinoids and terpenes. The present study dealt with the critical analysis of the Environment Impact Assessment as if the report has given the explanation on the diverse effects of environment and precise mitigation process of the project in Neduvasal. Secondly the study dealt with the socio demography profile of the people in Neduvasl and its village system. The study is thirdly also dealing with the psycho socio impacts of the village people in Neduvasal as how far they have understood the project. The study has also analyzed the causes of the protest executed by the people movement. The study is also trying to suggest by intervention strategy that the hydrocarbon extraction project must find some other alternate ways of doing it and also it is people’s responsibility of reducing oil usage in whatever the way it is possible for example, trying to use mostly the public vehicles.

Pengaruh Moral Etika Pajak Penghasilan Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Sosio Demografi Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

Taxes are the main source of state income and reception, and are used to increase the prosperity and welfare of the people as a whole. The income tax collection system currently provides loopholes for taxpayers to prepare reports on tax payments to a minimum as long as they do not deviate from the applicable legislation.Important issues in taxation include awareness of paying taxes, tax paying behavior, obedience in paying taxes and tax avoidance. In connection with this research conducted aims to examine empirically about: (1) The moral-ethics effect of income tax on tax avoidance, and (2) Socio-demographic relations on the moral-ethical influence of income tax on tax avoidance. In connection with this research conducted aims to examine empirically about: (1) The moral-ethics effect of income tax on tax avoidance, and (2) Socio-demographic relations on the moral-ethical influence of income tax on tax avoidance. The data needed in this research is obtained from a questionnaire filled in by the income taxpayer sample registered at the KPPP Padang, which consists of 100 taxpayers. The collected data was analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression tests and the MRA (Moderating Regression Analysis) test for moderating variables. The research results obtained are (1) Moral-ethics of income tax affects the intention of personal taxpayers to carry out tax avoidance income tax. (2) Socio Demography does not moderate the relationship between moral-tax ethics and personal taxpayer intentions to carry out tax avoidance income taxes. (3) Moral-Ethics of Income Tax and Socio-Demographic influence together towards Tax Avoidance. In addition Socio Demography is proven only as an independent variable (predictor) in relation to Tax Avoidance.

Intelligence Quotient and Nutritional Status of 4–6 Year Old Children from Fishermen Community of Goa, India

Infancy, upto the period of 6 years of age, is a crucial phase for cognitive, social, emotional and physical development. Various factors related to health and nutrition can result in significant changes in cognitive abilities while the child is growing. The objective was to assess nutritional status and intelligence quotient of children from fisherman community. Thus healthy children(n=100) belonging to fishermen community in age group 4–6 years whose either parent's occupation was fishing were included from schools and communities across Goa. Assessment of intelligence quotient using Draw-a-man test was undertaken. Data on socio demography, anthropometry and dietary habits was also collected. Statistical analysis using chisquare, Pearson's correlation and t-test was performed. The mean IQ score among the children was (105.5± 11.6) under the moderate average IQ category. There was a significant association between occupation and education of the father and IQ (X2=14.5 p=0.02, X2= 23.9, p=0.02).The anthropometry of the children, height and MUAC had positive correlation with IQ (p=<0.05). The difference of means of Height, MUAC and foods (Soybean and Mackerel) with IQ scores were higher in moderate to above average IQ category. Increased consumption of soybean and fish correlated with better anthropometric measurements and higher IQ scores (p=<0.05). Factors such as socio demographic status of the parents, anthropometry, nutritional status and fish consumption affected the IQ of children.

The Prevalence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level (Vo2max), Socio Demography, Risk Factors and Diseases among Hajj Pilgrim of Indonesia 2016 (1437H)

The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of Cardiorespiratory fitness level (CRF), Socio demography characteristic, risk factors and diseases of Indonesia hajj pilgrim 2016. Methods: all secondary data of cardiorespiratory fitness was collected from Siskohatkes 2016-Computerized system of hajj health data-MOH with STATA 13 version. Descriptive analysis was used to find the risk of hajj pilgrims. Results: A total of 71686 completed all physical fitness from 152429 participant. Prevalence of cardiorespiratory fitness good level = 33.43%, Moderate level= 54.79%, and Poor level was 11.78%. Discussion: The fitness prevalence of Indonesian hajj pilgrims in 2016 found for fitness level = 33.43% good, 54.79% moderate, and 11.78% poor. In addition, 44.66% hajj pilgrims were employees, who were likely to have good physical activity. Similar what WHO founding (2015) Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability of the heart and blood vessels to function optimally in rest and exercise to take oxygen and distribute it to active tissue for use in the process of body metabolism (Permaesih, 2001). Table 4 above shown prevalence for obesity was 12.8% and overweigh was 35.46%. Conclusion: the proportion of most fitness status is Moderate level (54.79%), age 50–59 (35.55%), Medium Education level (35.46%), Households/employees (44.66%), female gender (54.82%). Hajj pilgrims with IMT overweight (35.46%), hypertension (71.34%), Anemia (21.53%). hyperglycemia (43.76%), Hajj pilgrims with high cholesterol (59.46%), waist circumference (59.46%), hajj behavior with smoking (13.23%). For pre-existing, circulatory disease rank was the highest (31.94%). For outpatient, respiratory diseases was the highest (53.20%), and inpatient rank (0.41%).

Influence of Socio Demography Factors on Knowledge of Intimate Partner Violence among Soldiers in Ibadan: A Cross Sectional Survey

The global dimensions of intimate partner violence are alarming. It occurs in all parts of society, regardless of geographic location, socio-economic status, age, cultural and ethnic background, or religious belief, and it’s often devastating effects -psychological, social and economic, short-term and long-term — rebound on families, children, and the community as a whole. This study investigated influence of socio demography factors on knowledge of intimate partner violence among soldiers in Ibadan. Prevalence of knowledge of IPV was also examined. The non experimental study adopted cross sectional design. A total of 26- item carefully structured self report questionnaire was administered to three hundred and fifty-five (N=355) purposively selected married soldiers from Adekunle Fajuyi cantonment, Ibadan, out of which 294 (82.8%) were male and 61 (17.2%) were female. All the respondents (100%) completed at least secondary school education. It was found that prevalence of knowledge of IPV was 192(54.5%). Age of the participants was more on knowledge of IPV than Spouse’s age, years in marriage and educational qualification. Soldiers’ rank did not have significant influence on knowledge of intimate partner violence (IPV) (F(16 339)=.584; P>.05). Male are more on knowledge of IPV than female (t (353) =3.21; P .05). There is need for proactive action on sensitization on intimate partner violence in the Nigerian military.

A Statistical-Based Public Health Perspective: Effects of Dietary Behaviour on the Risk and Incidence of Breast Cancer

Background Cancer affects all human beings. However, the type and patterns of occurrence vary depending on geographical location, socio-economic status, life style, genetic variation and other risk factors. Like other sub-Saharan countries, the incidence of cancer is rising in Ethiopia. The number of patients with a diagnosis of cancer is alarmingly rising in University of Gondar Hospital. Here, we describe the pattern of cancer diagnosed with their socio demography. Methodology Study design: This was a retrospective record analysis of pathology service results, biopsy and FNAC. Population: All patients with a record of diagnosis as cancer according to the pathology (FNAC and biopsy) from Sept 2014 to Aug 2015 were included. Data collection and handling: Data was collected from the pathology department record books by physicians working in the department. It was documented in an excel sheet and cross checked for consistency by the investigator. It was transferred to SPSS version 20 and descriptive analysis was done. Result Out of 3231 samples (1263 biopsies and 1968 FNAC) evaluated in university of Gondar hospital in 2014 – 2015, 540 (16.7%) were malignant cancer cases. Among this 346 (64%) were females and the rest 194 (36%) were males. The age pattern shows, 499 (92%) were occur in adults and 41 (8%) are occurred in children. Lymphomas, cervical cancer and breast cancer are the three top common cancers of all age groups. In adult population cervical cancer, breast cancer and lymphoma are most common. In children of age less than 14 years lymphomas, wilm’s tumor and retinoblastoma were the three top cancers. Cervical cancer, breast cancer and lymphomas are found to be the commonest cancers in females. On the other hand, lymphomas, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and colorectal cancer are the three top commonest cancers in males. Conclusion This first study on cancer pattern in North-west Ethiopia indicates cancer is one of the common finding from cytology and histology samples analyzed in the pathology department. Comprehensive demographic and clinical data using population or facility based registry is required to get better information and for planning and monitoring cancer pattern in the region. Additionally, it will help in resource prioritization and decision making in the treatment strategies of cancer in the country.

Analisis Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, Sosio Demografi, Kemampuan Dan Self Efficacy Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha (Studi Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Pekalongan)

Indonesia as a developing country still has problems in terms of unemployment. BPS data says that open unemployment in 2016 as many as 7,024,172 people. Based on that fact, entrepreneurship has an important role in alleviating unemployment and improving country's economy. McCleeland in Silvia (2013) states that a country can advance if 2% of the total population is an entrepreneur. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a positive influence either simultaneously or partially between the socio-demographic variables, ability and self efficacy to entrepreneurship interests (Case Study of College Student Faculty of Economics, University of Pekalongan) 2016/2017 academic year. This research is a sample research with Accidental Sampling technique using 100 respondents. Data collecting method was done by questionnaire method which then processed using quantitative analysis method consisting of validity test, reliability test, autocorrelation test, classical assumption test, and statistical test of t and F. The result of analysis showed that entrepreneurship education, socio demography, ability and self efficacy have influence on entrepreneurship interests either simultaneously or partially.