Socio-demographic Situation Research Articles

Population Longevity Trends in the Republic of Uzbekistan

A scientific analysis of the trends in longevity of the population in the Republic of Uzbekistan was conducted. Various approaches to the classification of old age of human life, the study of longevity in scientific subjects, the results of research conducted by specialists in this field, the main characteristics of various factors affecting longevity were covered. The indicators of old age and life expectancy in the Republic and regions were studied. Including: longevity indicators for the entire population, longevity indicators for men and women, an index, a longevity table in the Republic of Uzbekistan were calculated, and an assessment of the socio-demographic situation in the regions was given.

The development of Africa's first unified hypertension management guidelines.

Hypertension is a leading cardiovascular risk factor, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality in Africa. The continent is plagued with a high incidence, coupled with low treatment and control rates. The causes are multifactorial, and among the major causes is an absence of standardized African guidelines for the management of hypertension. Systems of care vary across the continent, with low-income countries having less care than middle-income countries. International guidelines include recommendations for Black populations, but do not account for the cultural and sociodemographic situation of the African. There is therefore the need for African guidelines based on local data to improve the quality of hypertension care. These guidelines will cover the clinical approach to hypertension and its complications at facilities with physicians and nonphysician health workers (NPHW). It will also proffer suggestions for policies to improve the care for patients with hypertension on the continent.

Prevalence of parenthood among hospitalized adult patients with severe mental illness: a quantitative data analysis.

In the Western world, more than one-third of the patients of productive age hospitalized for severe mental illness (SMI) are parents. Each of their offspring is exposed to several stressors related to their parent's illness and hospitalization, which puts them at an increased risk of developing mental health problems. In the Czech Republic, no statistics are currently available about the families of patients with SMI, inpatients who are parents, or data about their children (ages ≤18 years). Therefore, our research aim was to describe the prevalence of parenthood among hospitalized patients with SMI, assess the number of children and determine the extent to which offspring information was present in medical records. Quantitative data from medical records (2,768 patients, aged 18-63 years, hospitalized for SMI between 2017 and 2020) from two large inpatient psychiatric facilities were examined. Parental information, demographic characteristics, number of children, and other available data were collected. The prevalence of parenthood among inpatients with SMI was 34.6%. Parenthood was most prevalent among female patients and patients with recurrent depressive and bipolar disorders. The total number of offspring in 957 patient-parents was 1781 (41.7% minors under the age of 18). Information on parenthood was available in 99.7% of cases; information on the age of offspring, custody, and sociodemographic situation varies, being included in 73% to 89.7% of the medical records (some details were more frequently recorded than others). The data obtained may help to better understand and address the specifics of these families and thus serve as a basis for the development of prevention programs.

КЫРГЫЗ РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДАГЫ СОЦИАЛДЫК-ДЕМОГРАФИЯЛЫК ӨНҮГҮҮНҮН ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ ЖАНА ФАКТОРЛОРУ

This study deals with the peculiarities of the socio-demographic situation in Kyrgyzstan. It analyzes the trends of population growth, declining birth rate, migration, youth unemployment, problems of access to healthcare and education, and ethnic inequality. This study used statistical data and sociological surveys. This reveals an increase in poverty, reaching 33.2% by 2022. The reasons for this are unemployment, low incomes, and dependency. There is a high level of external labor migration. Remittances from migrants improve living standards; however, migration has negative consequences. The government is taking measures to improve the situation, including programs to support families, develop education and health care, and increase employment; however, the problems of poverty, unemployment, and high mortality require further solutions. Kyrgyzstan's demographic policy needs to be improved, considering the best practices of other countries.

To the Issue of the Socio-Demographic Situation of the Russian Population on the Territory of Western Kazakhstan (late 19th – early 20th centuries)

To the Issue of the Socio-Demographic Situation of the Russian Population on the Territory of Western Kazakhstan (late 19th – early 20th centuries)

A Child with Crohn's Disease: Problems and Stress Level of Parents-Caregivers-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The perception of the disease, its troublesome symptoms and the highly involved treatment mean that living with CD requires not only the affected child having to learn to cope with it, but also their parents. The aim of the study was to examine the problems and levels of stress in parents-caregivers of children with CD. The study was cross-sectional and conducted using the diagnostic survey method. An original questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic situation and problems of caring for a child with CD, and the standardised PSS-10 questionnaire was added. The study group consisted of 60 parents who accompanied their children during hospitalization. The surveyed caregivers of children with CD found it difficult to maintain a specialised diet and deal with the need for hospitalization and the chronic use of medications. Access to the necessary knowledge about the disease posed the least difficulty in everyday life for a child with CD. The vast majority of parents (50, 83.34%) felt a high level of stress related to caring for a child with CD and, simultaneously, a lack of acceptance of the child's disease (39, 65%). The age of the respondents did not have a statistically significant effect on the occurrence of problems related to everyday functioning. The acceptance of the child's disease by the parents and informal caregivers of children with CD reduced their stress level. Parents could count on support from their relatives but, unfortunately, institutional support was not properly provided.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR BIGAMY IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The purpose of the research. The article attempts to analyze foreign experience in terms of offenses against family values, for which criminal prosecution is required. As practice shows, at the present stage of development of many states, the marriage and family institution are the most vulnerable element of society, requiring comprehensive political, socio-economic protection. In particular, we will be talking about such a traditional institution, since ancient times, as bigamy (polygamy), which has recently become very widespread, especially in connection with increased migration processes in order to earn money. Results. Having analyzed the problem in the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in the modern world the problem of bigamy (polygamy) is relevant, as it finds its manifestation in countries and cultures with different levels of development. Therefore, the current state of affairs allows each State individually, relying on its traditional values, to approach the issue of legitimacy or its absence in matters of bigamy, taking into account the socio-demographic situation. We also come to the conclusion that foreign legislation, with the help of criminal law norms, protects such an important institution as the institute of family values in a more thorough and pragmatic way. In this connection, it is possible to borrow positive experience in the domestic criminal law legislation of the norms of foreign law in terms of regulating such an institution as bigamy (polygamy).

Sociodemographic and nutritional situation of children under six years of age in the Nasa Indigenous Reservation, Iquira, Colombia

Sociodemographic and nutritional situation of children under six years of age in the Nasa Indigenous Reservation, Iquira, Colombia

Changing Status of Women in Nepal

The study attempts to examine the trend in socio-demographic, economic and political situation of Nepalese women, and tries to explain the changes in these areas throughout time. It also tries to review the initiatives taken by the government to improve the lives women in Nepal. The study employs an exploratory and descriptive research design using the published data sheets from National Population Censuses and other National Surveys. The analysis found noticeable changes in all the social, demographic, economic and political areas in favor of women across the years. More than half of total population belongs to female (51%). With the socio-political transformations of the country, the role and status of women have also been dramatically changed in community and household and thinning the barrier to gender inequality. Over the last four decades (1991-2021), they have experienced significantly increased life expectancy (55.5 years - 72.7 years), reduced fertility (5-2.1children), and maternal mortality (575-151/000 live births) and raised the simulate mean age at marriage from 18 to 22 years. They have also significantly improved their educational attainment at all levels. A substantial proportion (52%) of Nepalese women are economically active. Female-headed households and fixed property owners have also been raised to 32 and 24 percent, respectively, which is a significant step toward enhancing women's status and bargaining power in society. After provision of the new Constitution, they experience remarkable progress in the political sphere and at the levels of decision-making. In addition to these achievements, the trend in the values of the GDI, GII, GEM, and HDI also confirms the significant improvements in their socioeconomic and political roles, and the gap in gender inequality between males and females has narrowed over time. These developments and achievements could be the outcome of government initiatives and women's struggles to secure their rights.

Managing the social potential of the information environment as a basis for demographic sustainability

In the context of increasing instability in international relations it is one of the forms and strategies in the struggle for human potential. Ideologies, which are actively used to destroy the socio-economic systems of other countries, influence the value orientations of individuals, change their motivation for effective interaction in the preservation and sovereign development of their own national model, become a powerful weapon in the era of digital transformation of society. Under these conditions, it becomes necessary to manage the social potential of the information environment as a condition of demographic security. The article describes the results of the research concerning the influence of information environment on the changes in demographic attitudes and migratory behavior, as well as on the socio-demographic situation in the country in general. The necessity of identifying informational and socio-cultural factors that have an impact on sustainable demographic development of the republic is reviewed.

Demographic Situation in the Baikal Region

The article deals with current issues and problems of demographic development of municipalities within the central ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. The purpose of the study is to analyze demographic and migration processes under environmental restrictions. It is especially important to update the data and revise the general provisions on the presented processes in the context of global economic and political instability in the period 2014–2023. It is expected to obtain results indicating a change in demographic trends in the presented region. In the course of the study, data from the Federal State Statistics Service and an expert survey of the population of Irkutsk, Olkhon and Slyudyansky districts were analyzed. Cartographic materials fixing spatial features of demographic processes in eight municipalities of the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia are presented. The result of the work was a comprehensive view of the demographic and migration situation in the region under consideration. Updated statistical data of the entire Baikal region. The classification of the considered municipal districts and urban districts according to the parameters of natural and migration growth, gender and age composition of the population is carried out. As a result of the expert survey, most of the respondents were represented by residents of the Slyudyansky district. It is in this municipality that, apparently, socio-demographic problems are of the greatest concern to local governments. The work is of interest from the point of view of a comprehensive study of the demography of the entire territory of the Baikal region at this time stage. The analysis of the socio-demographic situation in the region together with the results of the expert survey can be used in the implementation of management initiatives.

Caregiver burden and its associated factors among primary caregivers of stroke survivors at Amhara regional state tertiary hospitals: a multicenter study

BackgroundCaregivers of stroke survivors play a crucial role in post-stroke functional recovery and the prevention of complications. Although the situation is incredibly stressful and intimidating and the caregiver burden is high, there is little evidence in the local Ethiopian context of the extent of the burden among caregivers of stroke survivors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of caregiver burden and its associated factors among primary caregivers of stroke survivors in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Amhara regional state tertiary hospitals from April to June 2022. A standardized questionnaire was used to record factors associated with caregiver burden, including sociodemographic, clinical, and care situation factors. The Zarit caregiver burden interview (short form) was used to assess the level of caregiver burden. A systematic random sampling method was employed to select the study participants. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to identify the potential factors associated with the level of caregiver burden.ResultsThe overall prevalence burden among primary caregivers of stroke survivors was 67%. 61.1% had a mild to moderate burden, while 5.9% had a severe burden. In multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis, sex, household income, duration of care, and duration of caregiving hours per day were factors significantly associated with the level of burden among caregivers of stroke survivors.ConclusionsBeing female, having a low household income, caring for more than 3 months, and caring for more than 6 h per day were factors significantly associated with the burdens of the primary caregivers of stroke survivors. It is better: health care providers must recognize and screen for burdens and provide special attention.

Проблемы сбалансированности и устойчивого развития здравоохранения Республики Татарстан

Sustainable development and its balance are paradigms that determine the efficiency of the functioning of the economy of the country and regions and its component – the socio-demographic situation. Healthcare is one of the sectors included in the socio-demographic sphere at the macro and meso levels of the Russian economy. The criteria for sustainable development and balance are not defined, they are in conflict with other parts of sustainable development. Despite some commercialization, its development is supported from the outside, despite the well-being of the Tatar Republic. This brings its own results. The social component in the republic is developed on a par with the economy as a whole.

Alcohol, drug and tobacco prevention in Swedish municipalities - impact from the COVID-19 pandemic considering socio-demographic context.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and measures to prevent the spread of the virus challenged public health practice at the local level in Sweden. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of the pandemic on the prevention of alcohol, drugs and tobacco (ADT) in Sweden during 2020-21 considering socio-demographic context. Data were collected through the Public Health Agency's survey on ADT prevention in Swedish municipalities (N = 290). This study used data from 2020 and 2021, with a response rate of 90% and 88%, respectively. Survey data were analyzed in logistic regression models (odds ratios, P < 0.05, 95% confidence intervals) against variables of education level, income level and population size from national registers. A majority (n = 198, 76%) of the municipalities reported a decrease in ADT prevention during the pandemic. No correlation between the decrease in ADT prevention and socio-demographic conditions was detected. A majority (2020: n = 165, 63%; 2021: n = 174, 68%) of the municipalities also reported that ADT prevention was adapted, however less common in smaller municipalities and municipalities where residents had lower levels of education and lower incomes. ADT prevention carried out by municipalities in Sweden was initially (2020) deeply affected by the preventive strategies against COVID-19. Adaptation of activities was less common in municipalities with more vulnerable socio-demographic situation. In policy, practice and research, the findings are important not only for continued progress on the national goal of equity in health but also for preparedness for future crises.

Ageing and its consequences - the use of virtual reality (VR) as a tool to visualize the problems of the elderly.

The population ageing phenomenon is mainly attributable to the increasing proportion of people >60 years of age. This demographic situation requires more attention to the needs of the elderly. Given the lack of effective methods to expand the knowledge of and increase sensitivity to elderly people's problems, especially among the younger generation, an attempt has been made to use virtual reality (VR) to prepare an educational tool focused on these problems. This paper will focus on the use of VR in depicting fundamental problems in the daily live of older people. For project purposes, a questionnaire (26 question) was developed, concerning data on socio-demographic situation, health and physical conditions; social, living and housing support needs. Additionally, qualitative interviews were conducted with elderly people regarding their needs about housing arrangements and daily activities. It was distributed to 100 people, 34 completed questionnaires were obtained from 30 women and 4 men. The study results were intended as information that would provide the basis for developing VR scenarios, not for the epidemiological purposes. The mean age of the respondents was 73.7±7.5 (60‒86 years). Different situations, as heavy housework, lifting/carrying heavy objects, lifting hands above the shoulder level, bending and squatting were identified that pose problems for elderly people. Based on these results, 3 scenario proposals were prepared, including situations: in the bathroom, in the supermarket, on a trip to the city. These scenarios were used to prepare the exercises in VR in the frame of European project - the Mixed Reality on Universal Design's Secret Service (Mr. UD) Project. The use of immersive technology such as VR can be beneficial for young people to be able to see perspectives of the elderly. Students from various fields (medicine, nursing, future engineers, designers, sociologists, etc.) may feel like the elderly and experience their daily challenges. Med Pr. 2023;74(3):159-70.

АБОРТ КАК МЕДИКО-СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА В ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯХ СТУДЕНТОВ-МЕДИКОВ

Problem of abortions in today socio-demographic situation in Russia remains very urgent. Despite the tendency of decreasing rate of abortions in the last years, social acceptance of abortion as the method of birth control remains actual in public consciousness. The purpose of research was to evaluate the attitudes of medical students to abortion, awareness about health risks associated with abortion, its acceptable reasons and potential consequences, to detect the differences in perception of rights for abortion by respondents of different gender groups. The survey conducted in 150 medical students showed that more than half of respondents (51,3%) had acquaintances who had made at least one abortion. 45,3% of respondents consider possible to make an abortion in case of unwanted pregnancy, there were no any differences detected in male and female respondents. 49,3% of students can make an abortion at the certain circumstances. Only 5,4% of respondents would not accept abortion under any circumstances. For all respondents regardless of age and gender the most important factors taken into account while making a decision about abortion include the period of gestation (70,7%), method of abortion (64%), financial problems (57,3%). For young respondents under age 20 the most important factor is the opinion of a spouse or partner, while for respondents above age 20 the most significant reason is the necessity to finish education. The most frequent negative consequences of abortions according to opinion of medical students are psychological distress, risk of infertility and complications of future pregnancies. Results of the study demonstrate quite high acceptance of abortions by future physicians despite their awareness about the problem of abortions and knowledge of associated health risks.

Lower socioeconomic conditions are associated with higher rates but similar outcomes in Sepsis in children

to determine the regional prevalence, mortality, and sociodemographic situation of patients diagnosed with severe sepsis (SS) and septic shock (SSh) admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). patients aged 1 to 216 months admitted to 47 participating PICUs with a diagnosis of SS or SSh between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, were included. Secondary analysis was performed on the Argentine Society of Intensive Care Benchmarking Quality Program (SATI-Q) database for SS and SSh and a review of the annual reports of the Argentine Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Statistics and Census for the sociodemographic indices of the respective years. 45,480 admissions were recorded in 47 PICUs, 3,777 of them with a diagnosis of SS and SSh. The combined prevalence of SS and SSh decreased from 9.9% in 2010 to 6.6% in 2018. The combined mortality decreased from 34.5% to 23.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that the Odds ratio (OR) of the association between SS and SSh mortality was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.46-2.32) and 2.4 (95% CI: 2.16-2.66), respectively, adjusted for malignant disease, PIM2, and mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of SS and SSh in different health regions (HR) was associated with the percentage of poverty and infant mortality rate (p < 0.001). However, there was no association between sepsis mortality and HR adjusted for PIM2. Prevalence and mortality of SS and SSh have decreased over time in the participating PICUs. Lower socioeconomic conditions were associated with higher prevalence but similar sepsis outcomes.

Factors associated with minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet practices among children 6-23 months of age in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

The study assessed infant and young child feeding practices and associated factors among 6–23-month-old children in order to inform ongoing and future programs and projects in Bobo-Dioulasso area, in Burkina Faso. Information on child feeding practices and determinants in urban areas is limited in Burkina Faso. Data of 301children, collected in 2013, were considered in this secondary analysis. Questionnaires were used to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographic and economic situation. In addition to the information on child care practices, food consumption data were also collected using a 24h dietary recall questionnaire. Indicators of minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were constructed and proportion of children meeting these indicators calculated. Binary logistic regression was used to see the association between the outcome variables and explanatory variables, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with minimum dietary diversity, meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet. Data cleaning and analysis were done using SPSS version 25. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were computed to measure the strength of association. Almost 3 out of 4 mothers (72.5%) were housewives and 62.4% of them were illiterate. Among the 301 children, 40.2% were aged 18-23 months. About half of the children (45.2%) were born to mothers from high income households. The proportion of children 6–23 months who met the MDD and MMF for breastfed and non-breastfed children was 18.3% and 28.9%, respectively. Less than one fifth of breastfed children (16.1%) received MAD. Girls were more likely to meet the MDD (p=0.02) and MAD (p=0.04) than boys. The proportion of children 6-23 months meeting the three complementary feeding practice indicators in Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso were far below the WHO-recommended standard of 90% coverage. The MDD and MAD were positively associated to the female gender. This finding could be used to better target the children in order to improve the effects of the ongoing or future interventions in increasing appropriate complementary feeding practices. Key words: Dietary diversity, acceptable diet, associated factors, children 6-23 months

Сельская мусульманская религиозность в условиях трансформации российского общества

The article reveals the specifics of rural religiosity as an important factor in the development of rural society in Russia. Sociological and historical material, related to the social life of the Tatars of the Middle Volga region in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods serves as an empirical base. New, previously unpublished archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation. The connection is established between the level of religiosity and such factors as settlement size, socio-professional structure, intensity of atheistic propaganda and state-confessional relations at the local level, economic activity of the peasantry, and development of rural entrepreneurship. The authorities in the Tatar and Bashkir autonomous republics successfully solved the tasks of the Soviet anti-religious policy. However, in the other Volga regions, where the Tatars were an ethnic minority, there was a phenomenon of separate settlements with increased religious activity and informally economic active residents, which the authorities had to reckon with. In the post-Soviet period, this category of villages, in addition to high religiosity, is distinguished by a stable socio-demographic and economic situation. The article raises the question of the causes and conditions of the paradoxical situation, when the preservation of the patriarchal way of life and religious traditions accompanied the successful adaptation of rural communities to new economic realities. It is concluded that it is necessary to study the specifics of religiosity, since informal economic and social practices were built around national and religious traditions. The studied problem of the stability of rural religiosity is a part of a broader problem of preserving the Russian village as a stable ethno-social organism.

Differences in lifestyle between students of medical and biological fields of study in Poland

Students are a specific social group characterized by different lifestyle behaviours. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are lifestyle differences between students of medical and biological fields from three different universities in Poland. The research material consisted of answers from 1163 students (781 women and 382 men), aged 17.5– 26.0 from the medical faculty of the Wroclaw Medical University, biological faculties of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw and the University of Lodz. The survey included questions regarding gender, socio-demographic situation, lifestyle and eating habits. Students also provided height and weight data, which was used for BMI calculation. Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to indicate differences in BMI between students and to estimate differences in lifestyle between students from three different university centres. Medical students exhibited significantly lower BMI values compared to students from other academic centres. They also more often reported doing additional sports and assessed their overall level of physical activity significantly higher compared to students from other academic centres. Biology students reported to sleep longer and being more exhausted compared to medical students. Biology students tended to drink sugar-sweetened beverages and eat fast-food significantly more often than medical students. Students from the medical faculty in Wroclaw reported to smoke cigarettes less often compared to students from non-medical study. There were no significant differences in other studied factors, such as the use of alcohol, snacking between the meals and consumption of energy drinks. Overall, students of medical fields reported a healthier lifestyle compared to their peers from biological faculties, although this was not consistent for all examined factors.