Socio-demographic Profile Of Victims Research Articles

Study of socio-demographic profile of victims in cases of deaths due to homicide

: Present prospective study was carried out with the aim to study socio-demographic profile of victims in cases of Deaths due to homicide in Nagpur. Total 179 medico legal autopsy cases of homicidal deaths conducted at department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur over a period from January 2013 to October 2014 were studied. Study protocol was approved by the institutional ethical committee.Out of total number of autopsies (3412) conducted during study period 179 cases (5.24%) were of death due to homicide. Maximum number of cases 70 (39.11%) were recorded in the age group of 21-30 years followed by 47 (26.26%) cases in the age group of 31-40 years. Out of total reported cases, males outnumbered females. Out of the total 179 cases of homicide, 147 (82.12%) victims were males and 32 (17.88%) were females. Male to female ratio was 4.59:1. Maximum cases 62 (34.64%) of males were reported in the age group in 21-30 years age group followed by 40 (22.35%) cases in 31-40 years. Similarly amongst female’s maximum victims were 8 (4.47%) in the age group 21-30 years followed by 7 (3.91%) cases in 31-40 years. Most of the victims were illiterate primary or secondary educated married, labourers or unemployed persons belonging to lower socio economic strata of the society.: Most of the victims of homicidal deaths were males. Most common age group was of bread and butter earning productive period. Uneducated, unemployed, married and persons with social dysharmony were commonly involved.

An Analysis of Trends of Homicidal Deaths in Western Mumbai Region

Background: The present study conducted for evaluation of trends in homicidal deaths with references to study the specific parameters of homicidal deaths like incidence of homicide, socio-demographic profile of victims and type of weapon used for homicide in western Mumbai region over the period of two years. Method: Study was conducted in department of forensic medicine of H. B. T. Medical College & cooper Hospital, Mumbai for period of 2 years from January 2015 to December 2016. Total 3114 of autopsies were conducted during the period of which 66 (2.11%) were of homicidal deaths. Result: Present study found homicidal deaths accounted for 2.11% of autopsies conducted in study period. Predominance of male victims (54.5%) seen over female victims (45.5%). Maximum number of victims of homicide were in the age group of 21-40 years (60.6%). Most of homicides took place at victim ‘s residence 45.45%. Arguments (45.45%) were found to be most common motive behind homicide. Hard and blunt weapon (39.4%) is commonest type of weapon used. Conclusion: The trends of homicides are varying from region to region. In most of cases the victims are well acquainted with accused and most common place of crime was victims own house all these findings indicated that homicides were as result of arguments and scuffle between them. The victims in this young age group are more aggressive and less tolerant, proper anger and stress management through the psychiatry counselling of this age group may lower homicide rate.

Assessing Five Years of Management of Accidental Exposure to Blood at Gao Hospital, Mali

Accidental exposure to blood (AEB) constitutes a risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses including HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus especially amongst health workers. This study aims to describe accidental exposure to blood and post exposure management five years after it begin at the Hospital of Gao, since 2012 there is insurrection in this area making difficult to maintain health care system. This study will help to identify gaps to fill in order to improve the prevention of blood borne pathogen infection in this hospital.
 All cases of AEB declared at the Hospital from January 1st 2007 to December 31, 2011 have been enrolled. The sociodemographic profile of victims, the circumstances of the accident, the post exposure management and the follow up of subject have been registered. Data were entered and analyzed with the SPSS software. Chi square test was used with the level of significance p<0.05.
 During the 60 months of the study, an average of 124 workers were employed at the Hospital of Gao and 15 cases of accidental blood exposure were declared equal to an incidence density of 4.2 cases per 100 persons per year. Males were the most affected (60%). Nurses and lab technicians represent the majority of victims (53.3%). The most frequent type of accident was the injury by cannula needle sticks during intravenous injections (73.3%). Most of the cases received High Activity Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) within a mean delay of 25 Hours from the accident, and the regiment (AZT/3TC/LPV/r) is predominantly used. HIV serology was done in 53.3% of subjects and revealed 1 positive case. Initial blood tests in all victims were normal. The HAART observance was worst among medical doctors (p < 0.001). No contaminations by HIV were detected after 6 months of follow up.
 The frequency of declared accidental exposures to blood at the Hospital of Gao is low. The post exposure management is facing a problem of observance of the treatment whenever it shows efficacy in all cases.

Socio-Demographic study of Victims of Homicide in south Bangalore

Homicide is unlawful killing of a person by another with the intention of harm prior to the act. Incidence of Homicide is on the rise worldwide. A prospective study on Homicidal deaths were conducted in the Department of Forensic medicine, Kempegowda Institute of medical sciences, Bangalore from November 2012 to May 2014 for a period of 18months to assess the socio-demographic profile of victims of homicidal deaths, to understand the motive behind the homicidal deaths, to analyse the methods of disposal of the deceased, to know the time of occurrence of homicidal deaths and to study the relationship between the offender and the victim of homicide. A Total of 36 cases of Homicidal deaths occurred during the study period and most of the victims belonged to the age group of 20–29 years, 11cases (30.56%), majority being males, native of Bangalore, married and of middle socioeconomic status 21cases (58.34%). Most of the victims were killed in the street, 15cases(41.66%) and the Homicide occurred between 12am to 6 am 16 cases(44.46%). Most of the offenders being acquaintance 18 cases (50%), the motive wasmainly revenge 10 cases (27.78%).

Doubly Disadvantaged? Bullying Experiences among Disabled Children and Young People in England.

Bullying among school-aged children and adolescents is recognised as an important social problem, and the adverse consequences for victims are well established. However, despite growing interest in the socio-demographic profile of victims, there is limited evidence on the relationship between bullying victimisation and childhood disability. This article enhances our understanding of bullying experiences among disabled children in both early and later childhood, drawing on nationally representative longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study and the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England. We model the association of disability measured in two different ways with the probability of being bullied at ages seven and 15, controlling for a wide range of known risk factors that vary with childhood disability. Results reveal an independent association of disability with bullying victimisation, suggesting a potential pathway to cumulative disability-related disadvantage, and drawing attention to the school as a site of reproduction of social inequalities.

A Pattern of Acute Poisoning in Dharwad - India

Acute poisoning is one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The present study is conducted with an attempt to analyze the pattern of poisoning and the sociodemographic profile of victims of poisoning. A retrospective analysis of poisoning cases admitted at SDM Hospital, Dharwad during June 2010 to May 2011 was done. During this period 136 cases were referred to emergency department. The study revealed that the commonest victims were males in their third decade. The most important agents of acute poisoning were organophosphates (54.41%) followed by Drugs (19.85%) and rodenticide (5.88%). The commonest manner of poisoning was suicidal. The duration of hospitalization ranged from 1 to 60 days. Poisoning followed ingestion of readily available and commonly used agents. Therefore implementation of strict legislative measures regarding the sale and distribution of insecticides can reduce the incidence of poisoning in developing agrarian countries.

Psychological Effects of Sexual Harassment, Appraisal of Harassment, and Organizational Climate among U.S. Army Soldiers

This study examines the effects of three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace on the psychological well-being of male and female U.S. Army soldiers, and the mediating or moderating roles of appraisal of sexual harassment, organizational climate, and the sociodemographic profile of victims. A survey was administered to 1,060 male soldiers and 305 female soldiers between May and July, 1995, at three Army posts in the United States. Unwanted sexual experiences were found to be significant predictors of psychological symptoms for male and female soldiers. Certain aspects of organizational climate and appraisal of sexual harassment were also significant predictors of psychological symptoms.