Sociodemographic Data Research Articles

Attributable one-year healthcare cost of incident type 2 diabetes: A population-wide difference-in-differences study in Denmark.

The aim of this study is to estimate the causally attributable one-year healthcare costs for individuals getting a type 2 diabetes diagnosis compared to a matched sample and show the incurred costs of medication and in primary and secondary healthcare. Causal estimation using a difference-in-differences design to estimate the one-year health care costs attributable to type 2 diabetes. Danish registry data consisting of the entire population in years 2016-2019. Newly diagnosed individuals with type 2 diabetes in 2018 were identified using a validated method. Sociodemographic and historical health data were used to identify a matched control group. Individuals were followed for two years before and one year after the date of diagnosis using. Three cost components were analysed: medication and primary and secondary healthcare costs. A total of 18,133 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2018 and matched successfully 1:1 to a control group. The total attributable one-year cost of type 2 diabetes was EUR 1316. The main cost component was hospital care (EUR 1004) and primary care (EUR 167). The total attributable cost of incident diabetes in Denmark in 2018 was approx. EUR 24 million. The majority of the first year health care cost of incident diabetes is incurred at the hospital level followed by primary care and medication. Our yearly cost estimate per newly diagnosed is considerably lower than estimates from the US and Australia.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Key Factors of Burnout Among Tunisian Oncology Nurses

Background Nurses play an essential role in patient care, and nurse-patient relationship are a fundamental aspect of healthcare delivery. Research has indicated that oncology nurses are particularly susceptible to burnout. However, there is limited research on nurse burnout in oncology, particularly in the Arab Muslim world. Objective This study aimed to investigate burnout among oncology nurses and analyze its association with professional and sociodemographic factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with oncology nurses at the Salah Azaiz Institute. We assessed socio-demographic data, work variables, job satisfaction, and burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results Of the nurses surveyed, 78 responded correctly to the questionnaire. The median age of participants was 37 years, with a predominance of females (52.6%). The median duration of oncology work was 11 years. Regarding job satisfaction, 30.8% were somewhat dissatisfied, and 24.4% were not satisfied. The prevalence of burnout was 89.9%, with 73.1% experiencing high levels of emotional exhaustion, 48.7% high levels of depersonalization, and 25.6% a low level of personal accomplishment. Personal medical and psychiatric history, along with job satisfaction, emerged as the strongest predictors of burnout in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion This study highlights the significant prevalence of burnout among nurses in oncology settings. In Tunisia, there is an urgent need to prioritize the psychological well-being of oncology nurses. Preventive strategies should emphasize enhancing working conditions to reduce these risks.

Knowledge and attitudes about dementia of primary care physicians in Southern Brazil

BackgroundPrimary Care Physicians have a central role in assisting individuals with dementia and evaluating their preparedness to care these patients is fundamental. Our aim is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes regarding dementia of the Primary Care Physicians (PCP) in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Southern Brazil.MethodsWe collected sociodemographic data, volume of patients with dementia treated/referred and perception of difficulties in caring for these patients. A previously validated questionnaire was sent: "Quiz on Knowledge and Attitudes in Dementia".ResultsFrom March/2022 to June/2023, 296 PCP responded to the questionnaire. They were mostly women (52.7%, 156), with a median [IQR] age of 35 [29–44] years, mostly were White (82.1%, 243) and had 7 (4–16) years of experience as a physician. Less than half of the physicians performed cognitive screening (43.9%) and Mini Mental State Examination was the most screening (63.5%) test used. The mean percentage of correct answers in the Knowledge Quiz was 46.4%. In the attitude quiz, we identified 3 factors: 1) frankly positive attitudes; 2) perceive primary care as important but have a pessimistic attitude towards them; 3) see primary care as important for patient care.ConclusionKnowledge about dementia is low among PCP in RS; however, most have positive attitudes towards these patients or think primary care is important to these patient's care.

An estimate of burnout prevalence among oncology nurses

BackgroundRegistered nurses (RNs) in oncology must cope with the suffering of patients, the inevitability of death and their own transience. This poses a possible risk for the development of burnout, which can result in low job satisfaction and ultimately an increased intention to leave the job. Our aim was to assess psychological distress in registered nurses working in oncology.Objective and methodA cross-sectional survey with the Oldenburger Burnout Inventory was presented to nurses within the German Cancer Society. It collected data on psychological distress via two subscales, exhaustion and disengagement. Socio-demographic data were assessed.ResultsAmong 83 participating nurses, we found a prevalence of high disengagement in 17 oncology nurses (20.48%) and high exhaustion (MExh>2.5 = burnout) in 44 (53.00%). Looking at the highest values of both scales, 18.08% of respondents were at high risk for psychological distress. There was a low correlation between disengagement and age (r = 0.331, p < 0.01). The risk of high disengagement among nurses older than 50 (n = 9, 52.94%) was three times higher than for those who were 50 or younger (n = 8, 47.06%) (RR = 8.642, 95% CI: 1.475–5.749, p < 0,01).ConclusionThis survey highlights a high rate of burnout among German oncology nurses. Interventions should be developed, implemented, and delivered in an age-appropriate manner. To ensure high-quality care and patient safety, oncology nurses should be offered preventive mental healthcare services later in their careers.Clinical trial registration numberThe study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS500018851).

Value orientations of youth and the formation of cultural memory in the region (On the example of the Chechen republic)

The article analyzes the characteristics of the Chechen youth, their value attitudes and roles in the formation of cultural memory. The methodological framework covers theoretical and methodological areas of research of two social phenomena that are important signs of the changing world at the beginning of this millennium: cultural memory and the attitude of the younger generation towards it. The analysis of these phenomena is studied on the example of a specific region as a social space at a certain stage of socio-public transformation, where the foundations of traditional society with the prevalence of vertical connections continue to play an important role. At the same time, young people have a special place in the perception and transformation of values, experiencing at the same time a great influence of globalization and information technologies. The empirical basis of the study was socio-demographic data on the Chechen Republic, quantitative and qualitative methods of surveying the youth of the republic: an online survey was conducted among students (N = 92) aged 19-24 years and in-depth interviews among young people (N = 21), whose average age was 30 years. Additional materials were data from the database of surveys and focus groups collected in recent years. The results of the study showed that the transformation of cultural memory in the region is influenced by both structural factors, primarily demographic, migration dynamics, socio-economic living conditions of the population, etc., and cultural and institutional factors that determine the value attitudes of various segments of the population, the discourses prevailing in the society, attitudes to history, politics, etc. The value landmarks of young people play an important role in the formation of the cultural memory of the Chechen society and act as means of stabilizing and renewing the society. A key feature of the Chechen society is a respect towards elders. The succession of values is under threat of breaking intergenerational ties and subject to an unprecedented information aggression. The issues of an objective attitude to history, developing a position on the modernization of the society are acute.

Immunohistochemical Expression of MDM2, Bcl-2, SATB2 and Ki-67 in Histological Variants of Unicystic Ameloblastoma.

To characterize the immunohistochemical expression of MDM2, Bcl-2, SATB2 and Ki-67 in histological variants of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA). Following the ethical approval, forty (40) patients with unicystic ameloblastoma were retrieved from the archives and subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sociodemographic and clinical data were also retrieved. The results were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS software. Human tooth germs, which served as the control, showed moderate expression of Bcl-2 and MDM2 with slight proliferative activity in ameloblasts and moderate expression of SATB2 in ectomesenchyme and odontoblasts. Luminal UA (Type 1) showed low Ki-67 index and negative to mild Bcl-2 and MDM2 expression, whilst Type 1.2 (luminal and intraluminal), Type 1.2.3 (luminal, intraluminal and mural), and Type 1.3 (luminal and mural), including the recurrent cases, showed moderate to intense expression with high mean Ki-67 index. The difference between the study groups was statistically significant (p value < 0.001). No expression of SATB2 was noted in any histological variant of UA. Furthermore, no significant differences were noted in age, gender, site and location between the groups. In contrast to luminal variant of UA, mural±intraluminal variants and recurrent cases demonstrate higher expression of Bcl-2 and MDM2 with higher mean Ki-67 index. It may thus be prudent to provide aggressive treatment for cases, not just with mural follicles but also for the patients with intraluminal plexiform proliferation, to prevent recurrence and improve patient outcomes.

The Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Level in Pregnant Women

Abstract Objective: The most common cause of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is fear of side effects and unknown long-term results. This study aimed to determine the COVID-19 vaccine instability level of pregnant women followed up in a training and research hospital in Turkiye. Material and Method: This prospective survey study was conducted in Muğla University Training and Research Hospital pregnancy outpatient clinic between dates June-August 2022 through face-to-face interviews. Totally 380 pregnant women were included in the study. Research data were collected using the Sociodemographic Data Collection Form and the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. Statistical significance level was accepted as p&lt; 0.05. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women participating in the study was 26.05±10.22 and their mean gestational week was 24.2±12.3. The mean score of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale was 15.85±6.44. The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate of pregnant women was found to be 76%. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate is low compared to the current literature. It is thought that the reason for the increase in the vaccine acceptance rate is the increase in the number of vaccinated pregnant women and the confidence that has arisen due to the lack of complications. Keywords: COVID-19, pregnancy, vaccine hesitancy.

Young females experience higher body image dissatisfaction associated with a high social media use: a cross-sectional study in Omani university students

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess body image dissatisfaction in Omani university students across gender and age and explore the potential impact of social media use on body image dissatisfaction. This cross-sectional online survey was responded by 482 Omani university students. The survey included socio-demographic data, a Social Media Activity Questionnaire, and a Body Dissatisfaction Scale. The participants were approached through promotion of the study on locally famous social media accounts.ResultsThe prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was higher in females compared to males (37.7% and 24%, respectively). Additionally, 53.6% of participants with a high body mass index reported high levels of body image dissatisfaction, while underweight participants reported the lowest body image dissatisfaction (21.3%). High social media use showed a significant correlation with body image dissatisfaction (p < 0.001); however, age did not exhibit a significant association with body image dissatisfaction. Concerns related to being overweight and not having clear skin were the most common body features associated with body image issues.ConclusionHigher levels of body image dissatisfaction were found with high social media use. The study also identified a higher prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in females compared to males, with no significant differences across age groups.

Linking housing, socio-demographic, environmental and mental health data at scale

Mental disorders are a growing problem worldwide, putting pressure on healthcare systems and wider society. Anxiety and depression are estimated to cost the global economy US$1 trillion per year, yet only 2% of global median government healthcare expenditure goes towards mental health. There is growing evidence linking housing, socio-economic status and local environmental conditions with mental health inequalities. The aim of this paper is to link several open-access datasets at the local area level (N = 32,844) for England to clinical mental health metrics and describe initial statistical findings. Two mental health metrics were used: Small Area Mental Health Index (SAMHI) and diagnosed depression prevalence. To demonstrate the utility of the longitudinal mental health data, changes in depression prevalence were investigated over two study periods (2011–19, i.e. austerity; and 2019–22, i.e. COVID-19). These data were linked to housing data (energy efficiency, floor area, year built, type and tenure) from Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs); socio-demographic data (age, sex, income and education deprivation, household size) from administrative records; and local environment data (winter temperature, air pollution and access to green space). The linked dataset provides a useful resource with which to investigate the social and environmental determinants of mental health. Practice relevance Initial observations of the data revealed a non-linear relationship between home energy efficiency (EPC band) and the mental health metrics, with depression prevalence higher in local areas where the mode EPC bands were C and D, compared with B and E. Researchers can further investigate this relationship using the dataset through robust statistical analysis, adjusting for confounding variables. National and local governments may use the dataset to help allocate resources to prevent and treat mental health conditions. Practitioners can map and interrogate the data to describe their local areas and make preliminary conclusions about the relationships between the built environment and mental health. This preliminary analysis of the data demonstrated a gradient in SAMHI and depression prevalence with income and employment deprivation at the local area level.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Skin Aging Simulation as a Novel Skin Cancer Prevention

Introduction: Skin cancer, a prevalent cancer type among fair-skinned patients globally, poses a relevant public health concern due to rising incidence rates. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation poses a major risk factor for skin cancer. However, intentional tanning associated with sunburns remains a common practice, notably among female adults. Appropriate prevention campaigns targeting children and adolescents are needed to improve sun protection behavior particularly in these age groups. The aim of our study was to investigate if an AI-based simulation of facial skin aging can enhance sun protection behavior in female adults. Methods: In this single-center, prospective, observational pilot study at Department of Dermatology at the University Hospital of Basel, we took photographs of healthy young females’ faces with a VISIA-CR camera (Version 8.2; Canfield Scientific Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA) between February and March 2021. Digital images were performed in three angles (straight, left 45°, and right 45°). All participants received an AI-based simulation of their facial skin with continuous aging to 80 years. A newly created anonymous questionnaire capturing participants’ sociodemographic data and also tanning and sun protection behavior was completed in pre- and post-aging simulation. To observe long-term effects, a 2-year follow-up was conducted between March and April 2023. Results: The 60 participants (mean age 23.6 ± 2.5 years) evaluated the importance of sun protection significantly higher after skin aging simulation with VISIA-CR camera (p < 0.0001; 95% CI: 8.2–8.8). Post-intervention, 91.7% (55/60) of the females were motivated to reduce UV exposure and to intensify UV protection in the future since the individual UV-dependent risk was perceived significantly higher (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 5.9–6.7). At 2-year follow-up, 96% (24/25) indicated persistent effort reducing UV exposure. The preference for SPF 50+ sunscreen increased to 46.7% (28/65) directly after the skin aging simulation and continued to rise up to 60.0% (15/25) after 2 years. Conclusions: Our data emphasize the potential of AI-assisted photoaging interventions to enhance motivation for UV protection in the short and the long term. We encourage that different age and gender groups are addressed in a personalized, generation-specific manner with the appropriate media and by considering the Hawthorne effect. Campaigns with visual AI support can improve the intent of cancer-preventative behavior.

A seroprevalence study indicates a high proportion of clinically undiagnosed MPXV infections in men who have sex with men in Berlin, Germany

IntroductionDuring the mpox outbreak in 2022, the highest number of cases in Germany were registered in Berlin, almost all of them in men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the frequency of clinically undiagnosed infections is unknown.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM in Berlin, Germany. Participants were recruited from private practices and community-based checkpoints specialised in HIV and STI care for MSM. They were asked to complete an online questionnaire on socio-demographic data, mpox diagnosis, vaccination history and sexual behaviour, and to provide a blood sample for serological analysis. The samples were tested for antibodies against a range of antigens to distinguish between antibodies induced by mpox infection and MVA vaccination, with pre-immune sera from childhood smallpox vaccination as a confounding factor. Associations of behavioural variables with reported and suspected mpox diagnosis as the outcome were tested using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsBetween the 11th April and 1st July 2023, 1,119 participants were recruited in eight private practices and two community-based checkpoints in Berlin. All participants provided a blood sample for serological testing. Information for the online questionnaire was provided by 728 participants; core data on age and mpox history for participants who did not provide questionnaire data were provided by the practices for an additional 218 participants. A previous diagnosis of mpox was reported for/by 70 participants (7.4%). Using a conservative and strict case definition, we serologically identified an additional 91 individuals with suspected undiagnosed mpox infection. Individuals with reported or suspected mpox infections reported more condomless anal sex partners in the past 3 months (OR = 5.93; 95% CI 2.10-18.35 for 5–10 partners; OR = 9.53; 95% CI 2.72–37.54 for > 10 partners) and were more likely to report sexual contact with partners diagnosed with mpox (OR = 2.87; 95% CI 1.39–5.84).ConclusionA substantial proportion of mpox infections were clinically undiagnosed. The number of condomless anal sex partners was strongly associated with both confirmed and suspected undiagnosed mpox infection. Therefore, mpox control measures based on clinical diagnosis of mpox are likely to have limited effectiveness in preventing mpox transmission in outbreak situations because many infections remain unrecognised and undiagnosed.

A Comparative Analysis of Serum Irisin Levels and Body Composition Indices in Women With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder impacting women of reproductive age, often manifesting during adolescence. This study aimed to determine serum irisin levels in subjects with PCOS compared to healthy controls and explore the correlation between irisin levels and body composition indices. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Thirty-three women with PCOS and 32 healthy, age-matched controls were recruited. Relevant socio-demographic and clinical data were collected, and body composition was analyzed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Serum irisin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and statistical analysis was performed using CoGuide software (Evidencian Research Associates, Bengaluru, India). Results PCOS subjects exhibited significantly higher levels of clinical features associated with hyperandrogenism, including elevated systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index, waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), serum testosterone, body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, and fat mass index, along with lower high-density lipoprotein levels and lean mass percentage, compared to controls. Serum irisin levels were significantly higher in PCOS cases (10.82 (8.5-14.31) ng/mL) than in controls (2.57 (2.19-4.65) ng/mL). There was a moderate positive correlation between serum irisin and SBP, DBP, hirsutism, total cholesterol, LDL, visceral fat, and serum testosterone levels. Weak correlations were observed between serum irisin and other body fat indices. Subjects with metabolic syndrome exhibited higher irisin levels and significantly elevated body composition indices, including body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, fat mass index, and fat-free mass index, compared to those without metabolic syndrome. Conclusions PCOS subjects have elevated serum irisin levels, which correlate positively with clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism, total cholesterol, LDL, and visceral fat. These findings suggest that irisin may play a role in the metabolic and hormonal dysregulation observed in PCOS.

Pay for a free service, access to cesarean section in the slums of Dakar

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, equitable access to cesarean section remains a major challenge for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, particularly among disadvantaged populations. This situation is further exacerbated in slums, where women face significant financial barriers to accessing expensive healthcare services, such as cesarean. Within this context, this paper aims to study access to emergency cesarean services among women living in the slums of Dakar, considering the free cesarean policy implemented in Senegal since 2005.MethodQuantitative data were collected using a cross-sectional retrospective approach, from 18 health facility managers and 260 women living in slums in Dakar who had undergone cesarean delivery between July and December 2022. The surveys aimed to collect socio-demographic data on women and the costs they paid to have a cesarean section, as well as on the application of the policy of free caesarean sections by public health facilities. The data were processed using Stata.ResultsThe results indicated that poor women residing in Dakar slums do have access to emergency cesarean section services in public health facilities. However, a significant portion of these women come from impoverished households and lack higher education, making them more vulnerable to financial constraints when seeking a C-section. Despite cesarean sections being performed primarily based on medical necessity, regardless of the woman's economic status, ethnicity, or educational background, women often find themselves having to pay substantial amounts to undergo the procedure. This is particularly concerning, as cesarean sections are intended to be entirely free in public health facilities in Senegal. Health facility managers attribute this financial burden to the State, which recurrently delays reimbursements for cesarean sections, forcing them to charge women higher prices for the procedure.ConclusionA more rigorous enforcement of the policy for free cesarean section could greatly enhance access to this obstetric practice for women living in the slums of Dakar.

Sociodemographic aspects, beliefs about lifestyles, and religiosity as predictors of life satisfaction in Peruvian university students: a cross-sectional study.

Beliefs and practices related to healthy lifestyles and religiosity can play an important role in overall well-being. However, few studies have explored the association between these factors and life satisfaction in the university context. This study examined the association between sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle beliefs, and religiosity with life satisfaction in university students. A cross-sectional predictive study was conducted during the months of March and May 2024 at a private university located in the northern region of Peru. Validated instruments were distributed that included a lifestyle beliefs scale, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire-Short Form (SCSRFQ-SF), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and a sociodemographic data section. A total of 1,258 students participated in the study. Multiple linear regression models were used for predictive analysis. Being a student of foreign origin, compared to being Peruvian, is negatively and significantly associated with life satisfaction (β = -0.066, p = 0.003). In contrast, a positive association is observed between belonging to the Faculty of Health Sciences (β = 0.119, p = 0.048) and life satisfaction, compared to students from other faculties. Furthermore, lifestyle beliefs (β = 0.579; p < 0.001) and religiosity (β = 0.182; p < 0.001) are positively and significantly associated with life satisfaction. These findings suggest that universities and health professionals should consider promoting healthy lifestyles and supporting religious practices as important strategies to improve student life satisfaction, considering relevant sociodemographic aspects.

Knowledge And Attitude Regarding Rabies Prevention Among Adults Residing Under The Field Areas Of Medical College Health Unit, Pangappara

ABSTRACT Rabies has been one among the most dreaded diseases to man since antiquity. The present study was intended to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding rabies prevention among adults residing under the field areas of Medical College Health Unit, Pangappara. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding rabies prevention, to assess the practice regarding rabies prevention, to find out the correlation between knowledge and attitude and to find out the association between knowledge of adults regarding rabies prevention with sociodemographic variables. The research approach adopted for the study was quantitative and the data was collected from 408 participants. The study design was cross sectional design and participants were selected using cluster sampling technique. Socio demographic data and the knowledge were assessed using an interview schedule, attitude and practice were assessed using a five point Likert scale and a checklist respectively. Data analysis was carried out using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 47.1% had good knowledge,28.4% had average knowledge and 24.5% had poor knowledge regarding rabies prevention and 38% of adults had positive attitude,36% had uncertain attitude and 26% had negative attitude towards rabies prevention,45.9% reported good practice after an animal bite. The study revealed that there was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.443 and p &lt; 0.05) and there was a significant association between knowledge of adults regarding rabies prevention with age, socio economic status and adults participation status in rabies prevention campaign. The study concludes the necessity for preventing the mortality by dog mediated Rabies.

Mapping the scientific literature on obstetric and perinatal health among sexual and gender minoritized (SGM) childbearing people and their infants: a scoping review

BackgroundEvidence suggests sexual and gender minoritized (SGM) childbearing individuals and their infants experience more adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes compared to their cisgender, heterosexual counterparts. This study aimed to comprehensively map obstetric and perinatal physical health literature among SGM populations and their infants and identify knowledge gaps.MethodsPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection were systematically searched to identify published studies reporting obstetric and perinatal outcomes in SGM individuals or their infants. Study characteristics, sample characteristics, and outcome findings were systematically extracted and analyzed.ResultsOur search yielded 8,740 records; 55 studies (1981–2023) were included. Sexual orientation was measured by self-identification (72%), behavior (55%), and attraction (9%). Only one study captured all three dimensions. Inconsistent measures of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) were common, and 68% conflated sex and gender. Most (85%) focused on sexual minorities, while 31% addressed gender minorities. Demographic measures employed varied widely and were inconsistent; 35% lacked race/ethnicity data, and 44% lacked socioeconomic data. Most studies (78%) examined outcomes among SGM individuals, primarily focusing on morbidity and pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy termination was most frequently studied, while pregnancy and childbirth complications (e.g., gestational hypertension, postpartum hemorrhage) were rarely examined. Evidence of disparities were mixed. Infant outcomes were investigated in 60% of the studies, focusing on preterm birth and low birthweight. Disparities were noted among different sexual orientation and racial/ethnic groups. Qualitative insights highlighted how stigma and discriminatory care settings can lead to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.ConclusionsFrequent conflation of sex and gender and a lack of standardized SOGI measures hinder the comparison and synthesis of existing evidence. Nuanced sociodemographic data should be collected to understand the implications of intersecting identities. Findings on perinatal health disparities were mixed, highlighting the need for standardized SOGI measures and comprehensive sociodemographic data. The impact of stigma and discriminatory care on adverse outcomes underscores the need for inclusive healthcare environments. Future research should address these gaps; research on SGM perinatal outcomes remains urgently lacking.Trial registrationThe review protocol was developed a priori in February 2023, registered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5DQV4) and published in BMJ Open (https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/11/e075443).

The effect of viral anxiety experienced by nurses working in pediatric service on psychological factors during Covid-19 period

During the Covid-19 period, nurses, as healthcare professionals, have been under a great workload, and their anxiety levels have also increased their psychological effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of viral anxiety experienced by nurses working in the pediatric ward during the Covid-19 period on psychological factors. This is a descriptive study. Permission was obtained from Hakkari University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee for research permission. Sociodemographic data were collected online from 1200 nurses working in the pediatric service who voluntarily participated in the study between October 13, 2023 and December 25, 2023 using the sociodemographic data collection form and the stress and anxiety scale for health workers due to virus epidemic-9 items (SAVE-9), Patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Obsession with Covid-19 Scale (OCS), Reassurance-seeking behavior scale against coronavirus (CRBS). In order to compare SAVE, PHQ, OCS and CRBS scale scores according to sociodemographic information and vaccination status variables, independent groups t test one-way variance analysis Levene's F test was applied and data were analyzed using a statistical package program. It is understood that 59.9% of the participants are male and 40.1% are female. The proportion of married participants was 95.4%. The results of the scores obtained from the SAVE and PHQ scales show that the stress and anxiety related to the virus epidemic are above the middle level, the result of the OCS scale score shows that the dysfunctional thoughts associated with the coronavirus, and the scores obtained from the CRBS Total scale show that the assurance-seeking behavior is exhibited according to the results. The effect of viral anxiety on the psychological factor according to sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, socioeconomic status, educational status, working area in pediatric service, vaccination status) showed significant and different results according to scale scores. It was concluded that the viral anxiety experienced by the nurses working in the pediatric service during the Covid-19 period showed different characteristics in terms of psychological factors and sociodemographic characteristics, and the nurses were not very effective due to the decrease in the effect of Covid-19.

The effect of teach-back method training on the prevention behaviors of reproductive age women against sexually transmitted diseases

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of teach-back method-based training provided to reproductive-age women to protect them from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) on their protective behaviors. Sexually transmitted diseases cause significant health problems for many women every year. The transmission of sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented through health education, which is among the preventive health services. Nurses are the leading health educators. Nurses should learn new education systems and models and use them in their practice. This study has a randomized controlled design. The teach-back method and face-to-face training were provided to women of reproductive age experimentally for protection from sexually transmitted diseases. In this research, the teach-back method in which there were 42 participants in each group, an identifying information form for women in three groups who were provided face-to-face training and not trained, the Behavioral Scale for Protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases were applied pre-training, fifteen days and three months after the training. Participants’ socio-demographic data in the intervention and control groups were compared. The mean age of the teach-back group had been 30.64 ± 5.73, the average age of the face-to-face group had been 29.83 ± 5.49, and the mean age of the non-trained group had been 28.16 ± 5.09. These groups had displayed similar characteristics. The mean score of the Behavioral Scale for Protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases was found to be 75.57 ± 12.78 pre-training, 82.54 ± 9.59 fifteen days after the training and 81.85 ± 9.28 three months after the training in women who were trained with the teach-back method; 76.92 ± 10.03 pre-training, 80.78 ± 8.72 fifteen days after the training and 80.21 ± 8.77 three months after the training in women who received face-to-face training, while it was found in women who did not receive face-to-face training to be 75.73 ± 6.14 pre-training, 75.61 ± 6.01 fifteen days after the training and 75.54 ± 6.09 three months after the training and there was a statistically significant relationship between them (F = 6.736; p < 0.001). As a result of the research, it was found that the training provided to women with the teach-back method had a positive effect on women’s behaviors and was more effective than face-to-face training.

The effectiveness of enhanced reality simulation on postmastectomy patient care management provided by nursing students: a quasi-experimental study

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enhanced reality simulation on nursing students' learning satisfaction and self-confidence and patient care management knowledge and skills regarding postmastectomy care. BackgroundBreast cancer is a common disease with increasing incidence and mastectomy is the treatment of choice. Postmastectomy patient care is a multidimensional and complex process. For various reasons, nursing students today graduate with inadequate clinical skills and do not have experience with many cases. DesignThis quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest–posttest design with a nonequivalent control group. MethodsThis study was conducted with fourth-year nursing students (78 students). Students were allocated to each group through a simple random allocation using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. Research data were collected at the Clinical Simulation Training Center of the university in 2020–2021 academic year. The study group (n=39) learned using a scenario-based learning approach with moulage in a real clinical setting using enhanced reality simulation, while the control group (n=39) learned using the same scenario-based approach with the routine practice adult standard patient care model. The data were collected through the “Student Sociodemographic and Descriptive Characteristics Data Collection Form”, the “Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale”, the “Postmastectomy Patient Care Skills Checklist” and the “Pre–Post Knowledge Test on Postmastectomy Patient Care Management”. ResultsAll 78 participants completed the training course. The training significantly increased the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale subdimension scores of both groups (p<0.05). The Postmastectomy Patient Care Management scores of the study group students who received enhanced reality simulation training significantly increased (p<0.05), while there was no significant effect on the scores of the control group students (p>0.05). While most the students in the study group increased their rates of correct answers to Postmastectomy Patient Care Management questions significantly (p<0.05) after the enhanced reality simulation training, the students in the control group showed no significant improvement (p>0.05). The training significantly (p<0.001) increased the mean postmastectomy patient care skills control scores. This increase had a high effect size on the study group. ConclusionEnhanced reality simulation is a learning method that increases nursing students' learning satisfaction and self-confidence and patient care management knowledge and skills regarding postmastectomy care. Learning with enhanced reality simulation is an effective approach for nursing education that improves nursing students' learning satisfaction and self-confidence and patient care management knowledge and skills regarding postmastectomy care.

Training on animal hoarding disorder for public health professionals

Animal Hoarding Disorder (AHD) is a phenomenon little known in a structured way by professionals who work with the hoarding theme. This study aimed to evaluate a training course offered to professionals working in the public service of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with people who hoarded animals. Thus, 82 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years participated (M = 39.68; SD = 10.89). A questionnaire of sociodemographic data and an instrument for assessing knowledge about AHD (pre- and post-training) were applied. It was observed the knowledge regarding AHD improved significantly in the evaluation performed after the training. Finally, evidence of the effectiveness of training on AHD demonstrates the importance of developing and offering continuing education activities as tools for the qualification of professionals who work with the theme.