Sociocultural Variables Research Articles

Introducing an Interdisciplinary Frontier to Judging, Emotion and Emotion Work

This special issue of Onati Socio-Legal Series, titled Judging, Emotion and Emotion Work, is the result of presentations and discussions during an interdisciplinary workshop at the International Institute for the Sociology of Law (IISL) held in May 2018. This issue builds on the growing critique of the dispassionate ideal of judicial work, combining original theoretical insights with imaginative empirical analyses to extend the understanding of emotion in judging. Fifteen articles are presented in four themes: Theoretical, cultural and historical perspectives; Tensions of the dispassionate ideal; Social dynamics of emotion in judging; and Research methods, empirical insights and [changing] judicial practice. The international diversity of contributions recognises similarities and differences in the structure and organization of courts and the judiciary, and socio-cultural variations in emotional experience and expression.

Korean and Japanese cycle racing: Business comparison

Purpose This research analyzed the Korean and Japanese cycle racing businesses by comparing each country’s total profits and total audience from 1996 to 2016. Methods In this process, it used total profits data and total audience data from 1966 to 2016. The data showed an economic correlation between Korean and Japanese cycle racing businesses by using each county’s economic variables. Results According to regression analysis, the income and audiences of Korean cycle racing industry has been increased as their income level has been increased. However, Japanese cycle racing generally has negative effects between income level and other variables except audiences. Moreover, aging population affects negatively to Korean cycle racing industry. In contrast, aging population is less affects to Japanese cycle racing industry. Furthermore, improvement of employment and unemployment rate affects negatively to Korean cycle racing industry. As a result, Korean cycle racing industry looks like a gambling. On the other hands, Japanese cycle racing industry becoming one of leisure sports industry. Conclusions Korean cycle racing industry has to examine closely Japanese’s restructuring method & result. Also, they have to analyze closely Japanese’s sociocultural variables which explain decreasing profits and increasing audiences. In other words, Korea cycle racing industry needs to various methods to becoming leisure sports industry.

Verbal working memory training in older adults: an investigation of dose response

The WM training protocol proposed by Borella et al. found specific and transfer effects among seniors, however, the studies were carried out in the same socio-cultural context and variations in the procedure were never tested. The present study aimed at analyzing the efficacy of Borella et al.’s training, in terms of short and long-term benefits, in a different socio-cultural context (Study 1), and the effect of change in the training's length (duplicating the number of sessions (Study 2). Participants were randomly assigned to a trained group (N = 18 for Study 1, and N = 23 for Study 2) and active control group (N = 28 for Study 1, and N = 27 for Study 2), and evaluated at pre, post-test and six-month follow-up for verbal WM task (criterion task), and for visuospatial and verbal WM, inhibition, processing speed, executive function, and fluid intelligence measures (transfer tasks). The trained groups had higher performance in all tasks when compared with active control groups after training and at 6 month follow-up. The longer training (Study 2) generated similar gains as the original protocol, with some advantage in far transfer tasks at post-test and follow-up. Study limitations include the small sample sizes. In conclusion, this training was effective in a different socio-cultural context and adding three sessions to the protocol did not significantly change training impact.

Impact of Socio Cultural Variables on Impulsive Buying Behaviour in Selected Product Category in Uttarakhand

The social and cultural factors have always been a source of dominant influence in determining the buying decisions of the Indian consumers. Here we attempt to understand the role that these factors play in impulsive buying of some selected category of products. The societal influences shape up the personality of individuals and culture, beliefs and values are the reflection of an individual’s true self. Impulsive buying is a purchase decision without contemplating the consequences. The influence of different socio-economic variables on impulsive buying in different product category is studied with the help of a well structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 309 respondents. The various social-cultural factors are understood with the help of twenty five constructs. The dimensionality of these constructs is reduced using factor analysis, where eight factors are identified. Further analysis is conducted using sophisticated statistical tools like ANOVA, cluster and regression analysis. Using a comprehensive list of the different categories of items in modern retail, the degree of impulsiveness and the influence of the eight constructs of socio-cultural factors on impulsive buying is explored.

Impact of Socio Cultural Variables on Impulsive Buying Behaviour in Selected Product Category in Uttarakhand

Impact of Socio Cultural Variables on Impulsive Buying Behaviour in Selected Product Category in Uttarakhand

Dépenses et utilisation de soins de santé: Une revue de littérature théorique et empirique

This research paper will review the literature on both important theoretical and empirical studies in health microeconomics. For this purpose, the first part defines the health insurance scheme and its main objectives. The second part presents the theoretical framework of the health demand, in particular the effect of health insurance on the consumption of health care. Part III presents examples of previous empirical studies that have examined the effect of coverage by a health insurance scheme. The last paragraph presents the role of the other dimensions and their effects on the individual demand for health care. More specifically, this paper aims, among other things, to answer these questions. Does health insurance improve the state of health? How does it affect health expenditure? What are the problems of setting up comprehensive medical coverage? What is the case for other socioeconomic and sociodemographic and socio-cultural variables? It has been found from the analysis that there is a strong relationship between insurance and access to care. This observation has been confirmed through a synthesis of most of the work dealing with this issue.

A Cross-National Analysis of Parent Involvement in Decision-Making: Germany, France and Turkey

Being a cross-national analysis, the aim of this study, which draws on data from school principals, is to evaluate parents’ involvement in decision-making processes comparatively in Turkey, Germany and France, which are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and were included in the study in terms of some variables, such as data in Human Development Index (HDI) report 2016 and results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 reading skills, math and science literacy results’ based on demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural variables as well as achievements in education, population trends and parents’ involvement in education. Phenomonology research design from qualitative research methods was used in this study. Data analyses relied on content analysis technique. School administrators from Turkey, Germany and France were included through criteria sampling method from purposeful sampling methods. Interview technique was employed in order to collect data through a semi-structured interview form. The findings of the study highlighted that all participants agree on the positive impact of parents’ involvement in decision-making but there are some ambiguity how and what level parents must involve in decision-making processes. Some recommendations are made on how to improve involvement in decision-making process.

Mentoring Functions and Outcomes: An Integrative Literature Review of Sociocultural Factors and Individual Differences

The purpose of this article was to examine the possible roles sociocultural and individual difference variables play in fostering mentoring relationships. Using the integrative literature review me...

Sociocultural Factors Influencing Caregiver Appraisals Following Traumatic Brain Injury

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of the sociocultural variables race/ethnicity, education, and poverty level to caregivers’ positive and negative appraisals following traumatic brain injury. DesignSurvey. SettingCommunity. ParticipantsCaregivers (N=344; 216 white; 69 black; 39 Hispanic) of persons with complicated mild to severe TBI at least 1-year postinjury. InterventionNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresModified Caregiver Appraisal Scale (M-CAS); Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). ResultsBlack caregivers reported lower levels of perceived burden on both the M-CAS and the ZBI. Black and Hispanic caregivers reported more traditional caregiver ideology (caregiving as a responsibility) than did whites. Greater poverty was associated with higher burden on the M-CAS, lower caregiver satisfaction, and less mastery. Higher education was associated with higher burden on the ZBI and with lower caregiver mastery. ConclusionsTreatment professionals should be culturally sensitive to the different perspectives that caregivers may have based on sociocultural factors. Sociocultural factors should be considered in research investigating caregiver outcomes, including appraisals.

An evaluation of demographic and sociocultural factors affiliated with cooperative artiodactyl hunting in the prehistoric Great Basin, USA

This research evaluates the association of ethnographically derived demographic and sociocultural variables with a large sample of communal, landscapescale hunting features (drivelines, corrals and traps) from across the Great Basin; it does so in an attempt to identify the sociocultural contexts that may have encouraged or discouraged people to cooperate rather than compete or operate individually. Results indicate that communal hunting was associated with moderate population densities and with greater degrees of ritual and some forms of property ownership, but not with greater degrees of leadership or territoriality. The implications of this work are that high population densities and entrenched leadership positions are not necessarily required for large-scale cooperative efforts and that territoriality may have retarded cooperation at the scales required to elicit large-scale group effort, at least in regions with relatively low population densities. It also appears that ritual may have played a role in generating the coherence necessary for cooperation among oftentimes far-flung, autonomous families and that privatising communal hunting features was necessary to underwrite the technological investment entailed by making and using these features.

A gender lens on women\u2019s harvesting activities and interactions with local marine governance in a South Pacific fishing community

Women play an important role within small-scale fishing communities in the South Pacific, contributing to food security and income. Yet, decisions on the management of coastal fisheries are mostly taken by male community leaders. Given that women and men interact with marine spaces differently, there is a need to further analyze women’s and men’s differentiated roles and participation in marine resource use and governance. This study does so by drawing on qualitative data from a case study in Solomon Islands. In the fishing community studied here, women had crucial and differentiated effects on social, economic, and ecological sustainability. Our study reveals that women provided significant social and economic benefits to their families and the broader community. At the same time, we find that some women were inclined towards breaking local marine management rules (i.e., potentially lowering positive ecological effects of the conservation efforts) because (1) women had been little involved in the decision-making with regard to local marine management; (2) women had partly lost trust in the local male leadership due to a perceived misuse of money; and (3) women were more constrained in their fishing activities because a marine closure was located where mainly women used to fish. Our study highlights the importance of paying attention to women’s needs and actions in the governance of the fishery—including both the positive as well as potentially negative consequences thereof. Furthermore, our study shows that, besides gender, other socio-cultural variables (i.e., religious denomination and place of birth) shaped a person’s role and interactions in the fishery. It thus adds weight to intersectional approaches to gender.

Sociocultural Aspects of Femicide-Suicide: The Case of Israel.

Among persons who commit murder a certain percentage also commits suicide soon after, a phenomenon known as homicide-suicide. Previous studies indicate that femicide-suicide (female intimate partner homicide-suicides) accounts for the vast majority of homicide-suicide occurrences. Although the femicide-suicide phenomenon cuts across regions and societies, there is a dearth of studies of femicide-suicide patterns, motives, and characteristics among non-Western populations. A review of the few available findings about femicide-suicide in non-Western societies highlights the need for further study and corroboration of the distribution and characteristics of femicide-suicide in non-Western societies. The unique manifestations of the phenomenon among immigrant, ethnic, and social minority groups are of great relevance to Western societies currently facing the challenge of assimilating a growing number of ethnic minorities and immigrant social groups. The study aims to further our understanding of possible sociocultural variations of femicide-suicide by exploring sociodemographic and criminological patterns among non-Western social groups. It presents an analysis of national empirical findings of femicide-suicide across various ethnic and sociocultural groups in Israel in the years 2005-2015, excluding analysis of cases that occurred in Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem. The characteristics and patterns that are the focus of this study include a sociocultural ethnic profile of the perpetrator, and various criminological characteristics such as homicide and suicide location, homicide and suicide method, and homicide motive. Femicide-suicide events, victims, and perpetrators were compared by calculating frequency distributions and population-based incidence rates. The findings suggest that the distribution of the phenomenon and its criminological characteristics vary across immigrant and ethnic minority groups. Further research is needed to validate the study's empirical observations and to explore the various manifestations of the phenomenon across non-Western ethnic, social, religious, and cultural groups.

Latina/o Students in K-12 Schools: A Synthesis of Empirical Research on Factors Influencing Academic Achievement

The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of the empirical evidence to date on the factors related to Latina/o student academic achievement in the country’s increasingly Latina/o K-12 schools. Factors found to be related to academic achievement outcomes (e.g., grades, test scores, high school completion, college enrollment) for Latina/o students include a combination of (1) demographic variables, (2) sociocultural variables, (3) academic experiences, (4) psychological variables, and (5) school/institutional variables. In addition, this research synthesis identified several methodological trends in the research on Latina/o student success.

Quasi-experimental research in culture sensitive psychology

The research presented in this article follows up on several aspects of Gustav Jahoda’s long and fruitful career: (1) his early fieldwork on cognitive development in Africa, particularly in the area of spatial skills; (2) his interest in cross-cultural psychology as a research method; and (3) his insistence on bringing anthropology and psychology together. The topic of our research is the development of a so-called “geocentric” frame of spatial reference. This is a cognitive style, in which individuals describe and represent small-scale table-top space in terms of large-scale geographic dimensions. We explore the development with age of geocentric language and cognition, and the relationships between the two. We also explore the many environmental and socio-cultural variables that favor the use of this frame. We demonstrate how we untangled several of these variables by using a succession of within-society group comparisons, in several societies where a geocentric frame is in common usage (Bali, Indonesia, India, and Nepal). Our research program unfolds like a detective story, where one finding that is difficult to interpret because of several confounded variables leads to another quasi-experimental group comparison that suggests another hypothesis, which is then tested in a further session of field-work. In each case, we emphasize how important it was to have extensive linguistic and ethnographic knowledge before implementing psychological tests. The research design is not cross-cultural as such (we hardly ever perform comparisons between societies), but culturally sensitive within a series of societies; in other words, as Dasen and Jahoda (1986 , p. 413) defined it, “cross-cultural developmental psychology is not just comparative: essentially it is an outlook that takes culture seriously.”

Disordered eating in Jordanian adolescents.

Disordered eating attitudes and behaviours are linked to poor physical and psychological outcomes. To examine the individual, psychological, and socio-cultural factors associated with disordered eating attitudes among Jordanian adolescents. A stratified sampling method was used to select school students aged 15 to 18years from three governates in Jordan in 2013/2014. Participants filled out questionnaires on socio-demographic variables, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26; to discriminate adolescents with disordered eating); the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; used to measure psychological factors associated with disordered eating); Body Mass Index was calculated and obesity evaluated according to international cut off points (to categorize normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents, and these categories were used as individual factors associated with disordered eating). A total of 963 (460 boys and 503 girls) participated in the study. Disordered eating (EAT score≥20) was present in 389 (40.4%); body shape dissatisfaction (BSQ scores ≥110) was present in 161 (16.8%). Overweight and obesity were found in 332 (34.5%) participants. Unhealthy weight loss behaviours (such as self-induced vomiting, substance abuse, and smoking) were very common. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female sex, urban residence, distorted perceptions of weight, BMI (excess weight), body dissatisfaction, and socio-cultural variables (parents, peers and mass media) were significantly associated with disordered eating. Jordanian urban adolescents seem to embrace Western norms to fit in with the demands of Western culture. Socio-cultural factors, particularly mass media, play a significant role in changing adolescents' norms. Prevention and intervention programs are needed to control these disorders.

Cross-cultural research on spatial concept development.

I will first review cross-cultural research in the area of culture and cognition, with particular focus on the development of spatial concepts. I propose that the formulation best covering all empirical data is in terms of «cognitive style», i.e., spatial cognitive processes are universally available to all humans, but there are preferences for some spatial frames of reference over others. These cultural differences are under the influence of a number of eco-cultural variables. The second part will illustrate this general conclusion by research on the development of the «geocentric» frame of spatial reference, initially studied by Levinson (Space in language and cognition: explorations in cognitive diversity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003). This is a cognitive style in which individuals choose to describe and represent small-scale tabletop space in terms of large-scale geographic dimensions. In Indonesia, India, Nepal and Switzerland, we explore the development with age of geocentric language as well as geocentric cognition, and the relationships between the two, as well as the environmental and socio-cultural variables that favor the use of this frame (Dasen and Mishra, Development of geocentric spatial language and cognition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010).

SPECIAL ECONOMIC AREA (SEZ) AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIA AND CHINA

Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has been one of the main drivers of economic development in many developing countries. One of the success stories of these SEZs is China. The giant country began its SEZs at the beginning of the 1980s and in several years, these SEZs have branched out elsewhere in the country. The ability of these SEZs to attract investors and spur economic growth in neighboring regions leading eventually to overall China’s economic success cannot be separated from the strong commitment of the Chinese government to developing these zones. However, commitment turns out not to be the only factor for the success of SEZ program. The ability to devise strategic plan considering all factors including the socio-cultural and geo-strategic variables is also the key to the success. What China has done to develop its SEZs can be an invaluable lesson for Indonesia who aspires to develop its own SEZs in order to spur regional growth.

Sociocultural Variations of Coping Strategies for Sleep Difficulties in Couple Relationships in Canada and Brazil

Sociocultural Variations of Coping Strategies for Sleep Difficulties in Couple Relationships in Canada and Brazil

EVALUASI PROGRAM PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS USAHA POKLAHSAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the income generation of processing group of fishery products in coastal Pangkep regency. Knowing the income level of the group of fishery producers who have received assistance or who have not received assistance from the Director General of Strengthening Maritime and Fishery Competitiveness in Pangkep Regency. This research was conducted in February until March 2018 in coastal area of Pangkep Regency. Data collection using t test analysis is comparative test. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the role of government variable has t arithmetic 2.278> t table of 2.2015 (sig. Α = 0,05 and df = nk, that is 15-4 = 11), unstandardized beta coefficient of 0.258 and significance level of 0.044 t table equal to 2,2015 (sig. α = 0,05 and df = nk, that is 15-4 = 11) with unstandardized beta coefficient of 0,139 and level of significance 0,032 smaller than 0,05 . This shows that the economy affects the income of fishery product processing business group. While the socio-cultural variables have t arithmetic equal to -1.259 <t table of 2.2015 (sig. Α = 0,05 and df = nk, ie 15-4 = 11) with unstandardized beta coefficient of -0.167 and the significance level -0.154 greater than 0.05. This shows that social culture does not affect the income of fishery product processing business group.

Testing Measurement and Factor Structure Invariance of the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale for Youth Across Gender.

Measurement equivalence is often assumed across comparison groups, a pervasive problem related to many self-report instruments. Measurement equivalence, also known as measurement invariance, implies that a measure has the same meaning across different groups of people. In this study, we aimed to examine the measurement and structural invariance among gender of the Malay version of the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale for Youth (PALMS-Y-M). Seven-hundred-and-eighty-three secondary school students (female = 57.3%, male = 42.7%) with mean age 14.5 years (standard deviation = 1.25) from Kota Bharu, Malaysia, volunteered to participate in this study and completed the PALMS-Y-M, consisting of 28 items with seven subscales. We conducted the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and invariance tests on the seven motives of the PALMS-Y-M model. The hypothesized model consisted of 28 observed items and seven latent variables. We used estimator robust to maximum likelihood, MLR to examine the hypothesized measurement and structural invariance. Measurement invariance was tested for three different levels. We first established the configural invariance model, then we compared the metric invariance model and the scalar invariance model with the less restrictive model. Then structural invariance was tested for factor variance, covariance, and means. Findings provided evidence for full measurement and structural invariance of the PALMS-Y-M in males and females. The final CFA model fit the data well for males [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.922, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.048, standardized root mean residual (SRMR) = 0.050] and females (CFI = 0.922, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.053). When invariance of both factor loadings and item intercepts holds in PALMS-Y-M, underlying factors consisting of different motives for participating in PA can be meaningfully compared across gender. Accurate and valid measurement of PALMS-Y-M across comparison groups is crucial for future research that involves examining motives to physical activity in different genders and other socio-cultural variables.