Society's Response Research Articles

The evolution of family and its impact on the increase of marriage age: Analysis of needs for psychosocial services

The 21st-century family is undergoing significant changes that have evolved over the years. This evolution has both positive and negative implications, particularly concerning its structure, developmental stages, role changes, growth, and psychosocial needs. This study aims to analyze the impact of family evolution on the increase in marriage age in Albania, focusing on the structure and model of family life over the past decades. It also examines the need for psychosocial services in the context of social transition. To understand changes in family and marriage dynamics in Albania, the study used a wide array of methods, including interviews with individuals over 45 years old. The findings reveal a rapid transformation in family structure and an increase in the average age of marriage, accompanied by new social and economic challenges for young people. Considering these changes, the study underscores the necessity for psychosocial services, highlighting the crucial interaction between family evolution and society's responses to emerging needs. The results show a growing demand for these services, underscoring the importance of recognizing the roles of social workers and psychologists in providing treatment and support to families and couples within this evolving social context.

Shaping new norms for AI.

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into our lives, the need for new norms is urgent. However, AI evolves at a much faster pace than the characteristic time of norm formation, posing an unprecedented challenge to our societies. This paper examines possible criticalities of the processes of norm formation surrounding AI. It focuses on how new norms can be established, rather than on what these norms should be. It distinguishes different scenarios based on the centralization or decentralization of the norm formation process, analysing the cases where new norms are shaped by formal authorities or informal institutions, or emerge spontaneously in a bottom-up fashion. On the latter point, the paper reports a conversation with ChatGPT in which the LLM discusses some of the emerging norms it has observed. Far from seeking exhaustiveness, this article aims to offer readers interpretive tools to frame society's response to the growing pervasiveness of AI. An outlook on how AI could influence the formation of future social norms emphasizes the importance for open societies to anchor their formal deliberation process in an open, inclusive and transparent public discourse. This article is part of the theme issue 'Social norm change: drivers and consequences'.

Polish society's initial responses to the arrival of forced migrants from Ukraine in early 2022

ABSTRACT It has been over a year after Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine at the end of February 2022, which caused massive internal displacement in Ukraine and forced outmigration to neighboring countries on an unprecedented scale. From the beginning of the war, Poland has been the main host country, providing temporary protection to more than 1.5 million persons. The initial support for forced migrants was based on spontaneous actions and grassroots social initiatives. This article analyses the Polish society’s engagement in humanitarian and reception assistance to people fleeing Ukraine in the first months of the crisis, including various societal actors, from informal initiatives and volunteering by everyday people of different nationalities to more formalized civil society organizations. The paper is based on the analysis of quantitative data, the subject literature and official documents, and extensive participant observation by the authors of the public engagement in Poland in 2022.

Legal Harmonization: Adultery in the Indonesian Criminal Code and Aceh Qanun No. 6/2014 on Jinayat Law

This paper discusses the complexity of the application of adultery laws in Indonesia, particularly in a comparison between the Criminal Code and the Aceh Qanun. The transformation of adultery regulations reflects the evolution of society's views and responses to social change. This research aims to understand the essence and implications of this regulatory transformation. In the context of legal harmonization, this research reveals the challenges and opportunities of harmonizing universal values with local and religious values, especially in the aspect of Islamic law in Aceh. The research conclusion provides a nuanced view of the dynamics of legal harmonization in Indonesia, emphasizing the need to create harmony in the legal system.

Compilation of Islamic Laws Regarding Marrying Pregnant Women: The Case of Biau Regency, Central Sulawesi

Previously, in Indonesia, there was no written law regarding the settlement of premarital pregnancy married. Society usually uses a solution by carrying out a marriage between the pregnant woman and the man who impregnated her without waiting for the birth of the child she is carrying. This method aims to cover up the disgrace so that it is not known to the wider public. As long as the perpetrators of adultery and their families are able to keep this secret, then the adulterers and their children will be safe from society's response. This used qualitative method to study compilation of Islamic laws regarding marrying pregnant women in Biau district, Buol regency. The results of this study show that premarital pregnancy married can be recorded and made a marriage certificate during the marriage procession at the religious courts, even though the marriage ceremony was not carried out at that time or was carried out at that time. When a prospective bride is pregnant and then immediately married, the shame of both the prospective bride and her family should be covered. This is also based on the hadith narrated by Muslims, which reads: "Whoever covers the disgrace of another Muslim, then Allah will cover his disgrace in this world and in the afterlife."

Russian Society’s Response to “Big Challenges” in New Realities

The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the response of Russian society to "big challenges" in the new realities. Significant big challenges regulated in the Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation are systematized and possible mechanisms of response of the Russian society to these challenges in the conditions of interaction of man and technology are formulated. Big challenges should be considered not only as possible risks and barriers, but also as incentives and guidelines for the development of socio-economic systems, national economies, including the Russian Federation. In the new realities, the transformation of traditional risks and "big challenges" is taking place in the context of significant changes in all spheres of civil society activity both in the Russian Federation and around the world, the destruction of the usual format of international relations, leading to the need for a rational state management policy and the reorientation of strategies for socio-economic and socio-political development of society. The need to preserve national identity and the identity of national states becomes obvious and the basic basis for the preservation and strategic development of the state. These foundations should be laid in the process of developing the Russian society's response to the big challenges in the new realities, by combining the trends of the international concept of sustainable development and the policy of realizing national interests.

COMMODIFICATION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF PUNCAK PENULISAN TEMPLE IN SUKAWANA VILLAGE, BANGLI REGENCY

Cultural tourism is the largest industry in the world and the fastest-growing sector. This has caused many cultural heritages in the form of temples to be used as tourist attractions, including the Puncak Penulisan Temple in Sukawana Village. As a result of state intervention and capitalism through tourism, it has resulted in the expansion of functions and transformation of cultural values at Puncak Penulisan Temple. Based on the background of this problem, this research aims to (1) analyze the process of commodification Puncak Penulisan Temple, (2) understand the ideology behind the commodification of Puncak Penulisan Temple, and (3) examine the implications of the commodification of Puncak Penulisan Temple. This research was designed using qualitative methods with a critical cultural studies approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and literature studies relevant to the research title. Then the collected data was analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The theories used to analyze research problems are the theory of genetic structuralism (Pierre Bourdieu). The results of the research show that the practice of commodifying the Cultural Heritage of Puncak Penulisan Temple has gone through a long process. This is caused by changes in habits (habitus) such as open attitudes of the community, changes in thought patterns and economic orientation, as well as the potential of the Sukawana Village community in the form of cultural and natural heritage. The commodification process is society's response to the struggle between globalization and capitalism through tourism with society's cultural values. The ideology behind the commodification of the Puncak Penulisan Temple's cultural heritage is the ideology of capitalism and the ideology of preservation. The commodification of Puncak Penulisan Temple's cultural heritage has implications for cultural, economic, and social aspects that influence the lives of the people of Sukawana Village.
 Keywords: commodification, cultural heritage, ideology, Puncak Penulisan Temple

Systematic Literature Review: Machine Learning Methods in Emotion Classification in Textual Data

Emotions are a person's response to an event. Emotions can be expressed verbally or nonverbally. Over time people can express their emotions through social media. Considering that emotion is a reflection of society's response, it is important to classify emotions in society to find out the community's response as information for consideration in decision-making. This study is aimed to identify and analyze the datasets, methods, and evaluation metrics that are being used in the classification of emotional texts in textual data from research data from 2013 to 2022. Based on the inclusion and exclusion design in selecting literature, a total of 50 kinds of literature were used in extracting and synthesizing data. Analysis of the data shows that out of 50 pieces of literature, there are 36 works of literature that use public datasets while 14 kinds of literature use private datasets. In the method of developing models for classifying, the SVM and Naive Bayes models are the most popular among the other models. In evaluating the model, the F-measure or F1-score metric is the most widely used metric compared to other metrics. There are three main contributions identified in this study, namely methods, models, and evaluation

Social ecological resources for youths living with HIV in western Uganda.

The adversities faced by youths living with HIV (YLWH) are manifold, resulting not only from the health impact but also from society's response to HIV and the people living with it. This study sought to explore these youths' perceptions and representations of what promotes resilience. Photovoice methodology was chosen to elicit first-person accounts that are grounded in lived experience and experiential knowledge. Eleven young people, boys and girls aged 14-21 living in western Uganda, participated in seven group sessions aimed at imagining, producing and discussing visual stories about what fosters resilience in the face of HIV-related adversity. The visual stories were subjected to inductive content analysis by the participants, and then thematically analyzed and interpreted by the researchers using the theoretical framework of social-ecological resilience. We found that participants experience well-being amidst HIV-related adversity through managing tensions in material resources, sense of identity, power and control in their lives, cultural adherence, relationships, sense of cohesion and social justice. The findings add to the body of knowledge on youth resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa by documenting multisystemic resources for YLWH in Ugandan communities. The findings further show that resources are highly incidental and situational, neither widely available nor structurally embedded in society. The study therefore informs the global HIV/AIDS agenda to spur ecologies of resilience around YLWH.

Applying New Media to Accelerate the Social Response to Achieving Carbon Neutrality in China

In the modern era of accelerating global environmental degradation, countries have developed different strategies to save energy. Among them, carbon neutrality schemes have been a major concern. The aim of this paper is to explore how new media can be used to accelerate the social response to carbon neutrality in China. This study is based on new media research with the aim of socializing carbon neutrality. A questionnaire was used to collect data on perceptions and use of carbon neutrality and new media from 130 respondents aged 18 and above. A total of 123 valid data were collected. The study found that: 1) respondents' overall knowledge of the concept of carbon neutrality and the pathways implemented in China to achieve it was low, and there was no relationship between respondents' education level and their knowledge of the concept of carbon neutrality. 2) respondents mostly obtained current affairs news from microblogs and news APPs and were more convinced of the information obtained through these channels. 3) respondents, after combining various user-friendly functions, the willingness to download and use government-developed APPs has increased significantly. This paper suggests that 1) the government should work with streaming media platforms to expand society's understanding of carbon neutrality and 2) the government should develop various apps that encourage lifestyles of low-carbon households. In this way, society's response to carbon neutrality will be amplified through the new media

Muslim Society's Response to the New Rule of Marriage Age

This study aims to describe the response of the Muslim community to the new marriage age regulation. The existence of this new provision reaps pros and cons because the community and the government understand the age of marriage, especially Muslim people, who basically consider the age limit for marriage to be when they have reached puberty. This research was conducted in North Sulawesi with a qualitative-descriptive research type and a sociological approach. Data was collected through interviews with informants starting from the community level, religious leaders and community leaders and then analyzed in a descriptive way. The results obtained are that there is a strong religious doctrine and public ignorance of the issuance of Law no. 16 of 2019. With this rule in place, they hinder many couples who are ready to get married. Most people show an attitude of disapproval of the 19-year age limit for marriage. For society, the law does not look good, especially for those who are not yet 19 years old. The community’s understanding is that both partners have reached puberty, as explained in Islamic teachings. Even so, for religious figures to show the opposite attitude, the 19-year marriage penalty rule is very necessary because it involves emotional and economic stability in living a household life. Actually, the implementation of Law No. 16 of 2019 could be more effective if Perma No. 15 of 2019 was also socialized because they related it to the purpose and reasons for the intended marriage age limit. There is a lack of public understanding of the 19-year age limit for marriage because Law No. 16 of 2019, which is socialized, is only a prohibition which prohibits it. Perma No. 15 of 2019 is the answer to the regulatory age limit for marriage at 19 years, which is always questioned in society.

The Debate about Assisted Dying for Persons with Mental Disorders: An Essential Role for Philosophy

The Debate about Assisted Dying for Persons with Mental DisordersAn Essential Role for Philosophy Mona Gupta, MD, CM, FRCPC, PhD (bio) In 20141 and 2016,2 respectively, Québec and Canada adopted legislation permitting medical assistance in dying (MAID). In this context, the question of whether persons with mental disorders should be able to access MAID has received considerable scrutiny. Over the last 5 years, I have been involved in the academic and policy debates about assisted dying for persons with mental disorders. Policymakers and clinicians alike demand that public policy be based on 'evidence' by which they tend to mean empirical, usually quantitative, data. There is little acknowledgement that some questions are not empirical and that facts require interpretation. The debate about whether a request for assistance in dying by a person with a mental disorder is a form of suicidality illustrates this problem. Because suicidality (including thoughts, plans, gestures, and attempts) is strongly associated with certain mental disorders, there are some who argue that a request for assisted dying by a person with a mental disorder is an expression of suicidality, while others argue that suicidality and requests for assisted dying are different phenomena.3 The approach to resolving this debate is to frame the problem as an empirical one. Because it is generally agreed that we should prevent suicide, we should not allow assistance in dying if it is the same thing as suicide. Researchers set about to identify characteristics of persons with mental disorders who are suicidal and those who request assistance in dying. If these two groups share characteristics, it is assumed that those who request assisted dying and those who complete suicide are the same people. If they have different characteristics, the opposite is true. Thus far, there are no characteristics that are specific to all or most members of one group nor are there a sufficient number of common characteristics that apply to all or most members of both groups. With insufficient 'evidence' one way or the other, the debate continues about whether requests for assisted dying by persons with mental disorders are an expression of suicidality. Looking at the concepts at play can clarify the matter. People engage in a variety of different actions that they know may bring about their deaths. These include refusal or non-adherence [End Page 9] to life-sustaining treatment, engaging in highrisk behaviors, or consuming potentially lethal substances to name but a few. Society's responses to these decisions vary. Sometimes society intervenes to prevent these deaths, sometimes it permits death, and sometimes society is neutral. If we think carefully about these different responses and the circumstances to which they apply, we see that suicidality is the term we use precisely to describe those deaths society wishes to prevent. Debating whether suicide differs from MAID is simply restating the issue at stake: is assisted dying for persons with mental disorders something we should accept or prevent? Questioning the meaning and use of concepts lies at the heart of philosophy. Examining how we use the seemingly descriptive term suicide shows it is preceded by a normative judgment. The fact that a person has a mental disorder and expresses an intention to end her life does not tell us what to do. We prevent this person from acting because we have already decided that this is the kind of death we should prevent. Philosophy has a crucial role to play in the debate about assisted dying by circumscribing which issues involve empirical questions, and which ones require normative reasoning. Mona Gupta Mona Gupta is a psychiatrist and clinician-scientist at the Université de Montréal and the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM). Her academic focus concerns the interface of ethical and epistemological issues in psychiatric practice. She is currently working on the epistemology of clinical reasoning in psychiatry. Notes 1. https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/s-32.0001. 2. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/annualstatutes/2016_3/fulltext.html. 3. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/corporate/about-health-canada/public-engagement/external-advisory-bodies/expert-panel-maid-mental-illness/final-report-expert-panel...

From punishment to help? Continuity and change in the Norwegian decriminalization reform proposal.

In 2018 the Norwegian government appointed a committee to prepare the implementation of a drug decriminalization reform. The overall goal of the committee was to propose a model where responsibility for society's response to the use and possession of illegal drugs for personal use would be transferred from the justice sector to the health service, under the catchphrase 'from punishment to help'. While the proposal ultimately did not get the necessary backing in parliament, the proposed reform still constitutes a very comprehensive and recent proposal for reforming national drug policy and it provides an ideal case for studying contemporary discourses on 'drug decriminalization'. The analysis of this reform proposal is guided by the post-structuralist "What's the Problem Represented to be" (WPR) approach, which is used for investigating the problem representation(s) in the proposal, as well as the rationalities, practices and deep-seated assumptions underpinning these. In doing this, the paper explores how the strategy represents both changes and continuities in discourses around illicit drugs and the people who use them. Based on the WPR approach, two problem representations in the proposal are identified: the 'problem of illicit drug use' and the 'problem of criminalization'. However, the 'problem of illicit drug use' is argued to be the authoritative representation, that takes precedence over the other. In that regard, the paper points to how the proposed shift from the justice sector to the health sector would only be partial, given that the role of the police and drug law enforcement would be retained in the reform. Furthermore, the paper points to how illicit drug use continued to be fundamentally pathologized in the proposed reform. The paper concludes with a discussion about the overall ambition of shifting from a crime-centered to a health-centered approach to people who use drugs and some reflections on the potential of an additional rights-based approach is provided.

Sentiment Analysis of the Indonesian National Team in the 2020 AFF Cup Using Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithms

The AFF Cup is a football competition organized by the ASEAN Football Federation, or AFF for short. The 2020 AFF Cup was held in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Indonesian National Team advanced to the final round and became runner-up in the championship. With the end of the championship and the Indonesian National Team having to accept defeat in the final, the public responded through tweets on Twitter. Through these tweets, it will be known how the public evaluates the performance of the Indonesian National Team in the 2020 AFF Cup. It is vital to carry out this research to obtain information regarding society's response. The research that will be conducted is sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis will be carried out on Rapid Miner software, with the algorithms used being Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor. The data used to perform sentiment analysis are tweets from Twitter taken using SNScrape. This research aims to analyze public responses to the Indonesian National Team in the 2020 AFF Cup. This research will determine the percentage of positive, neutral, and negative sentiments from public responses. So that later it can be concluded how the public responds to the Indonesian National Team, whether positive, neutral, or negative. It is also to find out which algorithm has the higher accuracy. The results obtained for Naive Bayes with an accuracy of 64.74% are 71.54% positive sentiment, 15.45% neutral sentiment, and 13.01% negative sentiment. For K-Nearest Neighbor, with an accuracy of 65.64% is 80.49% positive sentiment, 15.45% neutral sentiment, and 4.06% negative sentiment. Both algorithms have the highest accuracy compared to other algorithms in Rapid Miner when the sentiment analysis is performed, with K-Nearest Neighbor having slightly higher accuracy. Most tweets about the Indonesian National Team in the 2020 AFF Cup had positive sentiments. Based on these results, it can be concluded that even though the Indonesian National Team did not win the 2020 AFF Cup, the public still responded positively.

A Sentiment Analysis Model for the COVID-19 Vaccine in Indonesia Using Twitter API v2, TextBlob, and Googletrans

COVID-19 was declared a world pandemic in early-mid 2020. After about a year, several vaccines for this virus have been found and become alternative solutions to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and build up herd immunity in society. Since early 2021, Indonesia has been one of the countries that participate in using vaccines for the public to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are a lot of positive and negative responses from Indonesian society related to these COVID-19 vaccines. Implementing a sentiment analysis model for a specific topic like a “vaccine” from social media could help us to see and understand the responses from society in Indonesia towards the vaccine program that is being conducted by the Indonesian government. Understanding society's response towards vaccines is expected to be able to support the Indonesian government, for example in formalizing the distribution strategy of vaccines in the future. This paper discusses how to develop a sentiment analysis model, by implementing several existing technologies such as Twitter API, TextBlob, and Googletrans Python libraries. The utilization of these existing technologies could show how a sentiment analysis model could be developed conveniently, for example in using cases to analyse Indonesian society's responses towards the COVID-19 vaccine program. Besides the solution design, this paper also shows a sample of data visualization of the sentiment analysis model in a meaningful infographics format.

How Can We Deal with Psychosocial Issues in an Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak? Lessons from a Qualitative Study for the MERS Outbreak in Korea.

The 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus outbreak in Korea led to profound emotional and social burdens, especially in patients and health care professionals. Focus group interviews were conducted with 2 patients, 1 family member and 6 health care professionals about psychological distress related to MERS in 2017 and analyzed the interview data using the consensual qualitative research method. Four domains and 17 core ideas were identified within three interview groups, including psychological distress during the outbreak, problems regarding the response to the outbreak, positive experiences, and future directions for enhancing intervention to improve mental health and prevent psychosocial problems during the outbreak. Psychological consequences were affected by the characteristics of the emerging infectious disease and the structure and process of institutional or governmental response to the MERS outbreak. Mental health services and psychosocial support reduced the negative impact on psychological distress. The MERS outbreak in 2015 gave rise to emotional and social injuries to patients and health care professionals, some of which can be long-lasting constraints in their lives. Preparedness in a society's response to a pandemic considering mental health in related parties can minimize negative psychological consequences and enhance resilience at the individual and society levels.

The Onslaught of Civilization and Emerging Mental Health Issues

Civilization evolved through 1000 of years as epicenters in several parts of the world and has now become a global civilization. The main pursuits have been for better survival, increased longevity, societal development, peaceful living, and individual development among others. It is also known that the evolution of civilization goes parallel with evolution of brain through continuous processes of adaptation and reorganization of brain functions by gene–environment interactions and epigenetic processes. Thus, civilization has a major impact on brain development and mental health. Current civilization in many ways has come in conflict with the biological objective of survival of the human species. There is value on economic growth and productivity, control and conquering of nature with devastating consequences. Socioeconomic disparities, poverty, inequity in resource distribution and social power, fragmentation of family and communities, individualistic materialistic outlook, lack of psychological anchoring, mindless globalization, climate crisis, and so on are some of the facets that have unleashed a spate of new mental health challenges across the globe. Researches on social determinants of mental illness have shown significant risk factors emanating from one common factor that is civilization. Mental illness is not individually produced and therefore cannot be tackled in silos. It will require whole society's response and systemic approaches beyond the domain of health alone. There is a need to pursue pro-mental health policies at the global societal level to rein in the ever-expanding pool of mentally unwell population.

Трезвенное движение как реформистское в период «выбора пути» в России в 1907-1914 гг.

The aim of the article is to prove the author's hypothesis that the vast temperance movement (TM) increased the potential of the reformist development in Russia. The objective is to learn the exact mechanism of its influence on the society. The research methodology includes analysis, synthesis, objectivity, historicism and interdisciplinarity. The sources of the material are: reports and periodicals of temperance societies, papers by the movement participants, notes of the anti-alcohol congresses, articles by administrative bodies, newspapers. The analyzed territory is Russia without Poland and Finland. TM was the society's response to the alcohol policy by the tsarism. Its influence was increasing. As of 1 January 1911, there were 1,873 temperance societies in Russia with nearly 500,000 members. 74.5 % of the societies were located in villages with most members from the peasantry; 25.5 % were in urban settlements, with most members from workers. 1,782 societies (95.14 % of the total number) were religious with 1,771 of them Orthodox. Their leaders were mostly priests. Of 91 civil societies, 56 were Estonian, 15 Latvian, 2 Finnish and 18 international ones. The manifestation and outcomes of the movement were the following. (A) Locally, (1) the participants of the movement adopted a sober lifestyle, peace and wealth came into families; (2) the participants became a part of a group of soulmates, many of them found a high meaning of life; (3) some societies were involved in educational and charity work; (4) the societies encouraged people to take part in useful activities; (5) due to the societies' impact, open alcohol abuse, hooliganism and criminal activity were decreasing, sober traditions were emerging, communities made public verdicts to close down state wine stores and to ban illegal alcohol sale. (B) On the state and regional levels, on 11 December 1907 the III State Duma established the Anti-alcohol Panel. On 16 November 1911 the Duma adopted the law providing for essential educational and restrictive measures. In 1909-1912 All-Russia congresses against alcohol abuse were held. In 1913-1914 abstinence festivals in both capitals and in more than 50 other provinces were organized. Nicholas II saw the movement as a way to reinforce the political situation in the country; in April 1913 he began to openly support it and in January 1914 proceeded to change the alcohol policy in the country. A circular of the Minister of Finance of 11 March 1914 indicated that it was necessary to satisfy the petitions of rural societies to ban the sale of vodka on their territory. In February-July 1914, the government approved 800 such petitions. A campaign began, during which local governments and state authorities took new educational and restrictive anti-alcohol measures. So, the temperance movement, reformist in character, contributed to the improvement and strengthening of Russia. It urged the authorities to take measures that increased the stability of society and the possibility of development along a peaceful path. This was the “rise of Order out of Chaos”. At the same time, during the rapid anti-alcohol campaign of 1914, opposite processes began.

Application of AI in crisis management

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) can be applied in various areas of crisis management. It can provide numerous benefits concerning speed, effectiveness and precision of actions. AI accelerates the process of massive amounts of data processing, such as sensor data, satellite images, social data streams and much more. This enables to make quick analysis of a situation and make quick decisions in order to monitor various sources of information in real-time and detect early signals of a crisis. Advanced algorithms can identify patterns and anomalies enabling a quick response. AI can be used to model various crisis scenarios based on available historical and current data. This way it is possible to predict the probable effects of a given crisis and prepare for various situations. AI can analyze social media data to monitor community sentiments, identify potential threats and manage crisis communication. Automatic sentiment analysis systems can help understand society's response to a crisis. Advanced AI systems can be used to predict human behavior in various crisis scenarios. This allows to understand better how people may react and what their needs are in a given time. AI can help detect and combat cyber attacks, which constitute a serious threat, especially when it is necessary to maintain critical infrastructures. Integrating AI into crisis management requires caution because decisions made by AI systems should be consistent with ethical standards and they must consider the human supervision and assessment of the crisis situation. Design/methodology/approach: The paper analyzes the AI methods applied during crises. The results of interviews conducted with students, teachers and authors' personal experiences are provided. Findings: AI is a new way of solving problems, especially during crises. The new technologies determine the way and the speed of problems solving. Originality/value: Originality based on the interviews and post-crisis (COVID) points of view are the value. Keywords crises, AI, Chat GPT. Category of the paper: Research paper, Viewpoint.

Harnessing the Power of Communication and Behavior Science to Enhance Society's Response to Climate Change

A science-based understanding of climate change and potential mitigation and adaptation options can provide decision makers with important guidance in making decisions about how best to respond to the many challenges inherent in climate change. In this review we provide an evidence-based heuristic for guiding efforts to share science-based information about climate change with decision makers and the public at large. Well-informed decision makers are likely to make better decisions, but for a range of reasons, their inclinations to act on their decisions are not always realized into effective actions. We therefore also provide a second evidence-based heuristic for helping people and organizations change their climate change–relevant behaviors, should they decide to. These two guiding heuristics can help scientists and others harness the power of communication and behavior science in service of enhancing society's response to climate change. ▪ Many Earth scientists seeking to contribute to the climate science translation process feel frustrated by the inadequacy of the societal response. ▪ Here we summarize the social science literature by offering two guiding principles to guide communication and behavior change efforts. ▪ To improve public understanding, we recommend simple, clear messages, repeated often, by a variety of trusted and caring messengers. ▪ To encourage uptake of useful behaviors, we recommend making the behaviors easy, fun, and popular.