Defense Of Society Research Articles

A TIPIFICAÇÃO PENAL DOS CRIMES CIBERNÉTICOS NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO

This article, a descriptive and qualitative bibliographic research, based on authors such as Delgado (2017), Prado (2019), Souza and Ramalho (2022) among others, aims to discuss the way in which the Brazilian legal system has acted in the prevention and classification of cyber crimes. The work was structured in topics which correspond to its specific objectives as follows: bringing concepts of crime and criminal offenses and the way in which they are configured in Brazilian law; elucidate what would be a cyber crime and what are the requirements for its configuration; argue about the three dimensional theory of law (fact, value and norm) to justify governmental actions that lead to the classification of cyber crime. The conclusion reached was that Brazilian Criminal Law has been adapting to new situations and social facts that give rise to a legal response in defense of society.

THE CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SAFETY MEASURES

This article deals with an important category of criminal sanctions: safeguards. The fundamental institution of criminal law, criminal sanctions, are nothing more than the effect of criminal liability, this in turn being the legal consequence of committing the crime. Within the framework of criminal sanctions, an important category is safety measures. The defense of society against crimes could not be effectively ensured if only the application of punishments, however severe they may be, both in duration and in the mode of execution, were used for this purpose. The crime must be examined in relation to the man who committed it, and not isolated as an abstract notion, without any connection to social life, and the criminal treatment to be applied must take into account everything that characterizes the person of the perpetrator as described it shows in the present and how it is shaping up in the future. When an act provided for by the criminal law is committed, the investigations carried out in the respective case sometimes reveal, in addition to the gravity of the respective act, some situations, some realities that reveal a danger for the future in terms of the commission of other crimes. In order to solve these "dangerous situations" safety measures were found as a solution.

Arts of letting live in the contemporary world of globalization

The ways of living or letting live have always been intertwined in historical and geographical aspects of the human race in defense of society, territory and control of bodies and space. It is addressed in the work that, since the time of mercantilism, nations have been exploited by subtracting from them all that there is of wealth, expropriating their people who remain throughout history at the height of socioeconomic problems triggered by the United Nations (UN) with its multiple variables for measuring the territories in their inequality of wealth, in the social and environmental scope. Afterwards, we see the repetition of the conquest of new territories in the modern and contemporary period by the European imperialist metropolises in favor of maintaining their own industrial revolutions in Africa and Asia, as well as the struggles for power and conquests among themselves in the interwar period, in the which was called the cold war and in the new neocolonialism of Globalization in which inequalities in the field of security are perpetuated, in which subjects are expelled from their own territories becoming political exiles in search of new horizons that can provide them with dignity. Period of jurisdictional imposition of the government with macropolitical issues arise from the option of the desire of its own nationals in search of supremacy that part of the population has always legitimized in the designs of prejudice of race, gender and institutions.

Revolution qua Restoration

Abstract Revolution and restoration are usually understood as opposite terms. This article aims to disarticulate this binary. Suppose the modern concept of revolution can be defined as a project of social reorganization led by the state or by a constituent power that aims to become the state. In that case, the restoration is a defense of society, institutions, traditions, and customs from the state. However, restoration is also an expression of a different political orientation of the revolutionary trajectory. The temporality of revolution is mainly future oriented, whereas the restorative temporality implies continuity, the reactivation of institutions from the past, and their experimentation in everyday life. These two temporal dimensions are intertwined. They can either combine in new political configurations or oppose each other in progress and regress, forward and backward. This article examines the Zapatista insurgency in Chiapas as an example that combines the two temporal dimensions.

Support to academic education in view of the consolidation of the universal health system in Brazil

Abstract The Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) is the first higher-level institution in Brazil to emerge from the processes of social and political participation of social movements and networks of civil associations. Its objective is to ensure access to higher education for the entire population of the region named Fronteira Sul, historically excluded, in order to contribute to the resolution of local and regional problems. Its public and popular character is structural, with a historical aspect of a struggle of more than forty years of various social movements for the federal university, in defense of society and its ideas: democracy, equality, respect for diversity, citizenship, right to free public education, sustainability and social justice. The center of political action at UFFS is in direction of universal human rights, equality and the reduction of social inequality, being one of the structuring axes, the strengthening of Policies and Practices for the Promotion of Public Health, since society has presented its demands guided by the concerns with health care in the region. CEBES is a national entity created in 1976, whose historical mission is the struggle for the democratization of society and the defense of social rights, in particular the universal right to health. As a supraparty plural space, it brings together activists, leaders, researchers, teachers, professionals and students, together with other entities in the fight for health. It was responsible for founding the Brazilian Sanitary Reform Movement, by producing and disseminating information, knowledge and critical analyzes aimed at strengthening subjects through the expansion of critical thinking and health awareness, essential elements for political practice and action. The Chapecó nucleus was created to contribute to academic education in the health field by respecting the founding principles of social justice that are in the Federal Constitution of 1988, universality, equity and integrality. Key messages Present the Chapecó nucleus created to contribute to academic education in the health field, while respecting the founding principles of social justice and democracy. To present UFFS as an important institution for universal human rights and its commitment to the reduction of social inequality in the strengthening of Public Health Promotion Policies and Practices.

A questão da desigualdade territorial municipal no Espírito Santo face à pandemia do coronavirus e a importância da existência de um Estado de bem estar social em defesa da sociedade.

O artigo busca indicar questões empíricas emergenciais ligadas ao Coronavirus-19 e interrogar a infraestrutura de saúde pública destinada àqueles que necessitam de cuidados em função das fraturas territoriais e indica a importância do Estado de Bem Estar Social. Defende não o Estado em geral e ainda menos a casta no poder, mas as funções sociais que são também funções universais realizadas pelo Estado na nossa sociedade e que são, sobretudo, o resultado de conquistas sociais das gerações precedentes. Partindo desse pressuposto indica-se a posição geográfica da população com mais de 60 anos. Inicialmente, no artigo, apresenta-se a distribuição desta população no território e, brevemente, relata-se a situação da contaminação do vírus no Espírito Santo e as projeções que o Estado efetuou sobre a difusão do mesmo. Conclui-se interrogando os cuidados necessários com aqueles sujeitos a contaminações pelo vírus que se encontram em territórios interioranos desprovidos de infraestrutura médica de atendimento para os casos graves, revelando, deste modo, uma fratura territorial nos serviços médicos de complexidade.

“O homem que é propenso a cometer um crime”: O paradigma indiciário e o racismo de Estado no cientificismo policial do século XIX

The following article examines the persistence of an evidential paradigm as a degree of analysis for understanding the practical relationship established over the course of the nineteenth century between strands of knowledge, their technologies, and the police. To do so, it describes a series of technologies such as photography, biometrics, and anthropometrics, which were adopted by police practice and by criminology, which was of positivist inspiration in the period. It considers just how knowledge, technologies, and the variations their adoption acquire in the police practices of producing and managing the truth of crime and the criminal individual can shed light on the correlation between the essentialization of the criminal and what Foucault, throughout In Defense of Society (1976), referred to as ‘state racism’. The research is based on a perspective that emphasizes the practical relationship between knowledge, technologies, truth production, and institutional powers, and makes indiscriminate use of primary sources such as Galton, Bertillon, Vernois, and Lombroso, taking methodological inspiration from the lines of analysis mainly provided by Michel Foucault on the disciplinary social formations and their transition to biopolitics.

A comprehensive security approach: bolstering Finnish cybersecurity capacity

ABSTRACTFinland, at the easternmost border of the European Union (EU), has set itself apart as a global leader in cybersecurity technology. Yet, despite Finland’s relative technological strength in this space, the government has actively intervened in the market in order to bolster cybersecurity capacity and competency. Why? There is an important distinction between the presence of technological expertise and a strategy for the security of society writ large, the latter of which necessitates resilient critical infrastructure and services within a country. To this end, the government has utilised a pre-existing logic for market intervention: Finland’s geopolitical position and its corresponding defence doctrine’s emphasis on defence of society by maintaining society-wide resilience in the event of a crisis. In comprehensive security (kokonaisturvallisuus), which includes cybersecurity, the responsibility for and the safeguarding of the vital functions of society are jointly held by private and public actors, industry and government, defence forces and citizens. Notably, given this focus on industry and civil society’s role within the provision of security, Finland’s approach provides an institutional foundation that is well suited to the realities of addressing cybersecurity at the national level.

Facets of the Sixties Still Relevant for Public Health.

The article discusses events of the 1960's that influenced public health in the U.S. Topics include the Students for a Democratic Society's defense of justice and equality, the development of social medicine and collective health in Latin America, and the impact of the Biafran famine on modern emergency public health.

Public Meaning of the Zasulich Trial 1878: Law, Politics and Gender

The article aims to demonstrate that while the jurors’ acquittal of the famous terrorist Vera Zasulich has often been interpreted in terms of sympathy for ‘a desperate girl’, previously underestimated legal and political claims also played an important role in the trial. The key legal experts at the trial – her defense attorney Aleksandrov and the president of the court Koni – interpreted Zasulich’s attempt on Trepov’s life as an act of societal self-defense: Zasulich was presented as a victim of a society which could no longer tolerate arbitrariness by authorities. The flogging of political prisoner Bogolyubov following Trepov’s illegal order made Zasulich desperate to take revenge in order to alert Russian society of the humiliating arbitrariness and the unfairness of the political and legal structures of late Imperial Russia. Her victimization highlighted her “moral right” to act as a defendant of true law and legality in Russia. This idea of “moral right,” which empowered Zasulich to act in defense of society, was supported by Koni’s conceptualization of law and state power as an embodiment of the people’s will and responsibility. This conceptualization was elaborated in detail in his scholarly legal writings scholarship on the right to self-defense. The article brings together Koni’s theory and his practical role in Zasulich’s acquittal and demonstrates tensions between the Great Reforms and their political and social limitations.

O RISO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE RESISTÊNCIA AO PODER PUNITIVO

O artigo é resultado de análises teóricas de uma pesquisa de doutorado em formato de um ensaio, na interface das contribuições da Filosofia, Psicologia e Sociedade, para problematizar o riso, a vingança e a justiça. As práticas punitivas, os saberes médicos e jurídicos que as sustentam são colocadas em questão. Também são abordadas as intervenções do riso, na política da verdade, a qual atravessa subjetividades ressentidas, ávidas em julgar, vigiar e punir. Interrogar a relação entre ordem médica e lei, no castigo, em defesa da sociedade é uma importante contribuição desse texto teórico, o qual faz do riso uma arma política em que a ironia e o trágico colocam em questão a justiça como juízo. A crítica à sujeição da pena como vingança face à ruptura com o pacto social é colocada em suspensão. Nesse sentido, é proposta uma linha reflexiva, ainda que provisória, de um problema que me parece essencial no pensamento de Nietzsche e Foucault: os laços entre riso e punição.

Construção nacional e aprendizado político: o saber-poder da brasilidade

Este artigo procura reunir elementos teóricos comparativos entre os processos de construção nacional europeu e brasileiro, de modo a analisar a especificidade do mito nacional desse último e sua relação com o aprendizado político no Brasil. Para tanto, as partes 1 e 2 do artigo procuram, a partir da obra de Michel Foucault Em defesa da sociedade (2005), analisar as narrativas mitológicas dos processos de construção nacional de Inglaterra e França, respectivamente. A parte 3 procura analisar, principalmente a partir da obra de Gilberto Freyre, a especificidade do processo de construção nacional e do mito da negação do conflito no Brasil. A parte final busca analisar uma possível afinidade eletiva entre o mito nacional e uma dificuldade de aprendizado político no Brasil.

Fama publica, infamy and defamation: judicial violence and social control of crimes against sexual morals in medieval Castile

Control of crimes such as the sin of lust was one way in which the elites at the head of Castilian town councils emphasised their good government. Among all the such crimes, sodomy was considered to be the most terrible, which brought major misfortunes to the population, and against which it was necessary to avenge. For those accused of this crime, or who actually committed it, it meant exclusion from society. For the urban Castilian elites this struggle was a way of justifying themselves as a governing group. Defence of society against sodomites is related to the political context and to the internal struggles of the urban elites. In the lawsuits analysed, there is clear repetition of a series of words related to individual reputation and social esteem: fama, honour, Buena fama, fama publica, infamia. These can be shown to be vital to the defence of the accused, and also frequently recur in the legislation itself. Rumour was also used as propaganda to shape public opinion and to discredit rivals in the struggle for urban power.

Between a Defence of Society and a Politics of the Subject: The Specificity of Today’s Social Movements

The globalization of exchanges and flux has considerably weakenedthe political arena on the national level in which social movements have previously developed. To a large extent, social movements today try to counteract this tendency by calling upon such frameworks for integration as national populism or diverse forms of communitarianism. As far as the workers’ movement is concerned, the tendency is either for corporatism or for radical opposition to the system. But there exist other cultural rather than social movements which have made peace with the demise of traditional representations of social life and whose main focus is on the experience of individuals. These movements are based on the theme of individual moral autonomy which has been impeded by destructive social changes and by the forms of domination they have produced. Hence, these movements do not so much call for social integration as they do for justice and for a politics of recognition of the individual subject. They seek to avoid both the constraints of free market regulations and the seclusion within collective identities.

An engineer in defence of society

An engineer in defence of society

LONGING FOR COMMUNITY: PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS AND THE DILEMMAS OF EUROPEAN CULTURE

Phenomenology enjoys striking popularity in Eastern Europe. For those concerned with phenomenology before the collapse of communism it was an antidote to Marxism in its Soviet version. Its popularity was due to the perhaps naive striving for a true philosophy not manipulated by politics, in that its idealism was interpreted as a protest against the materialistic degradation of the human being. What would Husserl say if he was told about this role of phenomenology? Perhaps he would it consider it as self-evident. His allegedly completely apolitical philosophy had political ambitions, since the struggle for phenomenology was for him not merely a philosophical discussion, but a political struggle with pragmatists, advocates of Realpolitik, nationalists and traditionalists. This paper analyses phenomenology as a radical social philosophy which aimed at the revolutionary renewal of European culture. Well-known for his inclination to work on details and for an arduous theoretical analysis, Husserl was not an advocate of small steps in politics. His political philosophy is then contrasted with that of Helmuth Plessner. From Plessner's point of view Husserl's programme can be seen as a manifestation of the striving for the abolition of society and its replacement by community. In his defence of society, Plessner developed a philosophy of the public sphere as a sphere of social roles, prestige ceremonial, tact and diplomacy, in which the absolute character of the Ego is negated in contact with others. The paper poses questions such as which of these philosophies is more adequate for our time and whether the way shown by Husserl in his programmatic writings is still open to us today.

International Penal and Penitentiary Commission

The Twelfth International Penal and Penitentiary Congress met at The Hague onAugust 14, 1950. The last such Congress had been held in Berlin in 1935. The Twelfth Congress dealt with such matters as the problems encountered in the application of penal law, the problem of a code of penal execution, and measures which might be substituted for the penal sentence in order to take into account the needs of a humane defense of society. The International Penal and Penitentiary Commission1 held meetings immediately preceding and following the congress on the question of its relationship with the United Nations. The prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders — which had been the principal fields of activity of IPPC since its organization in 1872 — had been matters of concern to the United Nations, in particular the Social Commission of ECOSOC, since 1946. Because of a desire to avoid duplication of effort, and because 18 of the 26 members of IPPC were also Members of the United Nations, representatives of IPPC and of the United Nations conducted negotiations in 1949 and 1950 for the integration of IPPC into the United Nations Secretariat

Physical Training an Essential to the Better Health Defense of Society

Physical Training an Essential to the Better Health Defense of Society

The Criminal: His Personnel and Environment. August DrähmsThe Science of Penology: The Defence of Society Against Crime. Henry M. BoiesExperimental Sociology. Frances A. Kellor

Previous articleNext article FreeBook ReviewsThe Criminal: His Personnel and Environment. August Drähms The Science of Penology: The Defence of Society Against Crime. Henry M. Boies Experimental Sociology. Frances A. Kellor Carl KelseyCarl Kelsey Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 13, Number 1Oct., 1902 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/intejethi.13.1.2376247 Views: 17 Journal History This article was published in The International Journal of Ethics (1890-1938), which is continued by Ethics (1938-present). PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Book Review:The Criminal: His Personnel and Environment. August Drahms; The Science of Penology: The Defence of Society Against Crime. Henry M. Boies; Experimental Sociology. Frances A. Kellor

Book Review:The Criminal: His Personnel and Environment. August Drahms; The Science of Penology: The Defence of Society Against Crime. Henry M. Boies; Experimental Sociology. Frances A. Kellor