Socially Prescribed Perfectionism Research Articles

The Effect of Socially-prescribed Perfectionism upon Academic Burnout: The Mediating Effects of Emotional Difficulty Controlled by Self-efficacy

The Effect of Socially-prescribed Perfectionism upon Academic Burnout: The Mediating Effects of Emotional Difficulty Controlled by Self-efficacy

대학생의 내현적 자기애와 사회불안의 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of covert narcissism on social interaction anxiety in university students and also to verify the double effects of socially-prescribed perfectionism and self-concept clarity in the relationship between the covert narcissism and social interaction anxiety.
 Methods For this, survey has been conducted on 288 male and female university students in the use of covert narcissism scale(CNS), social interaction anxiety scale(SIAS), socially-prescribed perfectionism scale (HMPS), and self-concept clarity scale(SCCS). For collected data, correlation among variables has been verified by using SPSS 24.0 and Process Macro along with dual mediation effect. At the same time, bootstrapping was conducted to verify the significance of indirect effect.
 Results Results of the study are as follows. First of all, it turned out that there was a significant correlation among the covert narcissism, social anxiety, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and self-concept clarity. Covert narcissism turned out to be significantly positively correlated with socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety but to be significantly negatively correlated with self-concept clarity. Socially-prescribed perfectionism turned out to be positively correlated with social anxiety but to be significantly correlated with self-concept clarity. Social-concept clarity turned out to be significantly correlated with social anxiety. Secondly, socially-prescribed perfectionism turned out to be correlated with the covert narcissism and social anxiety. Third, self-concept clarity turned out to have a partial mediation effect in the relationship between the covert narcissism and social anxiety. Fourth, there was a dual mediation effect on socially-prescribed perfectionism and self-concept clarity in the relationship between the covert narcissism and social anxiety.
 Conclusions This study is meaningful to suggest a direction of efficient consultative involvement for university students with high level of the covert narcissism who visit counseling center due to social anxiety.

The Only way is up? How Different Facets of Employee and Supervisor Perfectionism Help or Hinder Career Development.

Although the double-edged nature of perfectionism is widely acknowledged, little is known about how it shapes employee career development. By combining two field studies, we provide a multiperspective insight into the relevance of both employee and supervisor perfectionism for employee career development. While we expected self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) to have an ambivalent role for career development, we proposed that socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) in particular, but also other-oriented perfectionism (OOP), would show maladaptive relationships with career-related indicators. In Study 1 (N = 116), we focused on the employee perspective and how multidimensional perfectionism relates to career aspirations (operationalized via work motivation) and subjective career success. Employees high in SOP reported higher, whereas those high in SPP reported lower perceived career success. OOP was negatively related to intrinsic motivation, but positively explained extrinsic (social) motivation and amotivation. In Study 2 (N = 146), we examined the role of supervisor perfectionism in supporting or hindering employees' career development by providing or draining resources. Our results show that supervisors high in SOP - and partly in OOP are reluctant to delegate highly responsible tasks; SPP even increased the likelihood of assigning illegitimate tasks to subordinates. Our findings suggest that both employee and supervisor perfectionism may boost or thwart employee career development and success. We discuss that supervisor perfectionism may limit employees' opportunities for experiential learning.

Raising the bar: Testing prospective reciprocal relationships between multidimensional trait perfectionism and undergraduate academic achievement

Prospective associations between trait perfectionism and academic achievement among undergraduate students were tested via a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Undergraduate students (N = 316) who were enrolled in the core first- and second-year courses of a social sciences undergraduate program (Mage = 18.01 years, SD = 0.06; 74.86 % female) completed surveys on multidimensional perfectionism and authorized the use of institution-verified grades for research. At the between-persons level and in line with previous research, self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) was positively linked with academic achievement whereas socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) was negatively related with academic achievement. At the within-persons level, an increase in academic achievement at the end of students' first year of university, compared to their own personal mean, predicted an increase in SPP at the midterm of their second year of university, demonstrating that academic achievement may encourage undergraduate students to “raise the bar” via amplifying their perfectionistic tendencies.

대학생의 사회부과적 완벽주의가 사회불안에 미치는 영향: 실제-의무 자기불일치와 부적응적 자기초점주의의 매개효과

Objective: The present study investigated whether actual-ought self-discrepancy and maladaptive self-focused attention would mediate the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety among college students.
 Methods: Two hundred and twenty college students were asked to complete an online survey questionnaire to assess actual-ought self-discrepancy, maladaptive self-focused attention, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and social anxiety. The responses from the 220 students were used for the final analysis. Results: The results were as follows: First, maladaptive self-focused attention mediated the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. Second, actual-ought self-discrepancy has not statistically significantly mediated the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. Finally, the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety was sequentially mediated by actual-ought self-discrepancy and maladaptive self-focused attention.
 Conclusions: The results suggest the need for an approach to mediators such as actual-ought self-discrepancy or maladaptive self-focused attention in therapeutic intervention for a person who has socially-prescribed perfectionism.

Factors associated with increased risk of playing-related disorders among classical music students within the Risk of Music Students (RISMUS) longitudinal study

Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are common among musicians but longitudinal data on risk factors are limited. The aim of the study was to longitudinally identify the factors associated with increased risk of PRMD onset among music students enrolled in different pan-European music institutions. A further goal was to assess the occurrence of PRMDs during a 12-month period. A total of 442 students without PRMDs from 56 European music universities completed a web-based questionnaire on lifestyle and practice habits, health history, physical activity, psychological distress, perfectionism, and fatigue. PRMD onset was assessed prospectively at 6 and 12 months. Logistic regression analysis showed that changes in physical activity level (6-month AOR = 2.343, 12-month AOR = 2.346), increased levels of fatigue (6-month AOR = 1.084, 12-month AOR = 1.081) and socially-prescribed perfectionism (6-month AOR = 1.102) were significantly associated with PRMD onset, which had occurred in 49% of participants during 12 months. Musculoskeletal complaints reported at baseline (6-month AOR = 0.145, 12-month AOR = 0.441) and changes to BMI (12-month AOR = 0.663) limited the onset of PRMDs. The study’s novel longitudinal findings were appraised critically within the contexts of potential factors for PRMD onset and evidence-based preventive strategies to minimise the impact of PRMDs.

완벽주의와 사회불안의 관계

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of need for approval(NA) on the relation between perfectionism and social anxiety(SA). To this end, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(HMPS), the Revised Martin-Larsen Approval Motivation Scale(RMLAM), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale(SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale(SPS) were used with 469 college students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. The results of this study were as follows. First, there was a significant correlation between self-oriented perfectionism(SOP), socially-prescribed perfectionism(SPP), NA, and SA. Second, SOP directly reduced SA and SPP directly increased SA. Third, SOP reduced SA by mediating NA and SPP increased SA by mediating NA. Based on the results of this study, counseling intervention methods for college students experiencing SA were discussed in terms of SOP, SPP, NA, and SA. Finally, the significance, limitations, and suggestions for further research were made.

A test of the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism with perceived distress, cognitive emotion regulation, and perfectionist cognitions

Based on within-person combinations of self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP), the 2 × 2 model asserts four personality subtypes: Non-Perfectionism, Pure SOP, Pure SPP, and Mixed Perfectionism. We tested whether these subtypes can be distinctively associated with perceived distress, cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies, and perfectionist cognitions. Results of multiple regressions with 213 adults (72.8% female, M = 34.07, SD = 12.04 years old) revealed that Pure SOP (compared with Non-Perfectionism) and Mixed Perfectionism (compared with Pure SPP) perceived similar levels of distress but reported more perfectionist cognitions and both adaptive and maladaptive CER strategies. The two subtypes associated with high SPP reported less adaptive CER strategies than the Pure SOP and Non-Perfectionism. The presence of the SOP facet did not mitigate the detrimental effects of the SPP facet on negative outcomes. On the contrary, the SOP facet seems to have a positive influence on the adoption of adaptive CER strategies and helps attenuate the detrimental effects of the SPP. Studies about the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism should focus on comparing the predicted values between each subtype of perfectionism.

The Mediating Role of the Academic Burnout on the Relationship between Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination in College Students

The Mediating Role of the Academic Burnout on the Relationship between Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination in College Students

A matter of needs: Basic need satisfaction as an underlying mechanism between perfectionism and employee well-being

AbstractWhy do dimensions of perfectionism have different effects on employees’ engagement, exhaustion, and job satisfaction? Combining the perfectionism literature and self-determination theory, we expected self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) to be differently related to employee well-being through the fulfilment or lack of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction. We attributed a unique role to autonomy satisfaction in fostering work engagement. Data were collected at 2 time points, with a 3-month interval, in an online study. Several results from path analyses including data from 328 (T1) and 138 (T2) employees were consistent with our expectations. SPP was negatively related to work engagement and job satisfaction via a lack of autonomy satisfaction and positively related to exhaustion via a lack of relatedness satisfaction. Additionally, SOP and SPP showed different associations with competence satisfaction. Overall, our findings highlight the motivational differences inherent in perfectionism that translate into well-being via need satisfaction and unique effects of the three needs.

Exploring the Relationship between Perfectionism and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). A total of 345 TMD patients were included. A questionnaire consisting of questions of demographic information, the 15-item short form of the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) was distributed. According to the diagnostic criteria for TMDs, patients were categorized as pain-related (PT) and non-pain-related (NPT) groups, whereas PT patients were further divided into patients with pain-related TMDs only (OPT) and patients with combined pain-related and intra-articular TMDs (CPT). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Spearman's correlation, and logistic regression analysis with the significance level set at p < 0.05. There were 68 patients in the NPT group, 80 in the OPT group, and 197 in the CPT group. PT patients had significantly higher perfectionism scores (63.58 ± 13.63) than NPT patients (56.32 ± 12.95, p < 0.001). The PHQ-4 score in the PT group was also higher. After adjusting the PHQ-4 scores, perfectionism scores of the PT group were 6.11 points higher than those in the NPT group (p < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in all parameters of OPT and CPT groups (p > 0.05). Perfectionism in total, other-oriented perfectionism (OOP), and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) showed significant but weak correlations with PHQ-4 scores (p < 0.001), while self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) was also significantly but very weakly correlated with PHQ-4 scores (p < 0.05). Pain-related TMD patients exhibited higher perfectionism scores than NPT patients, and neither their perfectionism nor pain scores were correlated with intra-articular diseases of TMJ. OOP and SOP presented weak correlations with psychological distress in TMD patients. It is suggested that pain-related TMD patients could be screened for perfectionism and perfectionism could be considered when proposing psychological treatment strategies to PT patients.

Socially Prescribed Perfectionism and Burnout among Foreign Language Learners: The Role of Shame and Self-Esteem

Given the dearth of research on the association between perfectionism in general and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) in particular and learning burnout among English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, the present research set to examine the link between SPP and language learning burnout under the effects of self-esteem and shame emotion simultaneously. Accordingly, 244 university EFL learners were recruited conveniently. They were administered adapted self-reported questionnaires. The data analysis was done through SPSS, AMOS, and Process Macro. The findings of SEM analysis showed that SPP and shame were positively related to burnout. Further, self-esteem could negatively predict burnout. There was also a negative relationship between shame and self-esteem. The findings of mediation analysis also indicated that both self-esteem and shame significantly mediated the impact of SPP on burnout. Theoretical and practical implications were presented and suggestions were provided for further research.

The Mediating Effects of Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism and Job-Seeking Anxiety on the Relationship between Separation-Individuation and Career Decision Level of University Students

The Mediating Effects of Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism and Job-Seeking Anxiety on the Relationship between Separation-Individuation and Career Decision Level of University Students

Perfectionistic Children and Their Parents: Is There Room for an Intergenerational Transmission? A Study of a Clinical Sample of Italian Children and Their Parents.

The relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and Internalizing (ID) and Externalizing Disorders (ED) in children needs to be better understood, along with the intergenerational transmission of these traits from parents to children. The present work aimed to share light on both these issues. 39 children with ID, 19 with ED, and their parents were recruited*. The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Big Five Inventory, the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, and the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children were used. The association between parent personality and perfectionism traits and children's perfectionism dimensions was evaluated through hierarchical regression analysis. ID and ED groups did not differ significantly concerning perfectionism. Fathers presented higher scores than mothers in Self-Oriented Perfectionism, Other-Oriented Perfectionism, and Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism. Parents of children with ID report higher levels of Obedience in their children, while parents of children with ED reported higher levels of Creativity and Perseverance. Significant associations were found between perfectionism in parents and their children, as well as between perfectionism and the personality of children. Results suggest a transdiagnostic nature of Perfectionism and support the transgenerational transmission of the personality traits investigated.

Prospective associations between grandiose narcissism and perfectionism: A longitudinal study in adolescence.

The current study investigates the longitudinal association between grandiose narcissism and multidimensional perfectionism over 2 years in adolescence. We adopted the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept, which differentiates between two aspects of grandiose narcissism. We also considered multiple dimensions of perfectionism, including Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and two forms of Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP), namely the tendencies to set high standards of performance (SOP-Striving) and to engage in overly critical self-evaluations (SOP-Critical). The study was conducted in a sample of Italian high school students (n= 331). Concurrent correlations indicated that Admiration was positively related to SOP-Striving and, to a lesser extent, to SOP-Critical and SPP. Rivalry was also positively related to the three perfectionistic dimensions, although correlations were smaller in size than those found for Admiration. Prospective associations between narcissism and perfectionism were analysed using a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model. Results showed that the predominant direction of effects was from narcissism to perfectionism, particularly from Admiration to SOP-Striving and SPP. Findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the understanding of the narcissism-perfectionism link.

A systematic review of the factors associated with athlete burnout in team sports

ABSTRACT Athlete burnout is a psychological syndrome with substantial negative consequences, including depression and sport dropout. It has been linked to a range of factors, some of which may vary across different sport-types. This review is the first to synthesise variables examined in relation to burnout in team-sports specifically. An online search of seven relevant databases yielded 59 papers examining 123 burnout correlates. Eligible papers were peer-reviewed, quantitative empirical studies, which assessed burnout using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Results are reported in-line with PRISMA guidelines. Weighted meta-analysis (WMA) assessed the strength of the relationship between burnout dimensions and 18 variables examined across ≥3 samples. A narrative synthesis of the remaining cross-sectional, longitudinal and mediating/moderating relationships provides a comprehensive overview of the literature. Burnout displayed a negative relationship with autonomy, competence, relatedness, self-determined motivation, positive affect, autonomy supportive coach, harmonious passion, self-oriented perfectionism and social support, and a positive relationship with amotivation, negative affect, obsessive passion, socially-prescribed perfectionism, ego-involving climate, playing experience and controlling coach style in the WMA. Some variability in relationships was identified across the dimensions of burnout. The results highlight the key factors associated with the dimension of burnout in team sports, which may inform targeted intervention strategies.

Perfectionism and Exercise Dependence: the Role of Basic Psychological Needs and Introjected Regulation

Using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework, the aims of our study were to examine the perfectionism-exercise dependence relationships, and whether basic psychological needs and introjected regulation explained these relationships. Distance runners (n = 260, M age: = 42.41 years; SD: = 11.95 years, n = 144 female) completed measures of multidimensional perfectionism (self-oriented perfectionism (SOP); socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP)), basic psychological need satisfaction and thwarting, introjected regulation, and exercise dependence. Bivariate correlations revealed significant positive SOP-exercise dependence and SPP-exercise dependence relationships. Structural equation modelling suggested that, in combination, perfectionism, basic psychological need satisfaction/thwarting and introjected regulation accounted for large amounts of variance in exercise dependence. Tests of indirect effects showed that the SPP-exercise dependence relationship was mediated by basic psychological need thwarting and introjected regulation. Our findings suggest that while the SOP-exercise dependence relationship is more direct, need thwarting and introjected regulation represent a motivational signature of SPP and exercise dependence.

The Dual Mediating Effect of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism and Internalized Shame on the Relationship Between Parental Psychological Control and Social Anxiety Perceived by Elementary School Children

본 연구는 초등학교 아동이 지각한 부모의 심리적 통제, 사회부과 완벽주의, 내면화된 수치심 및 사회불안 간 관계를 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 구조방정식을 통한 매개모형 검증 결과 첫째, 부모의 심리적 통제는 사회부과 완벽주의와 내면화된 수치심에 영향을 미치고, 사회부과 완벽주의는 내면화된 수치심과 사회불안에 영향을 미치며, 내면화된 수치심은 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모의 심리적 통제와 사회불안 간 관계에서 사회부과 완벽주의와 내면화된 수치심의 매개효과를 확인한 결과, 심리적 통제와 사회불안 간 관계에서 사회부과 완벽주의와 내면화된 수치심 각각의 단일매개효과가 유의하였고, 사회부과 완벽주의와 내면화된 수치심의 순차적 이중매개효과 또한 유의하였다. 셋째, 최종모형에 대한 다집단 동등성 검증 결과, 성별에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 부모의 심리적 통제와 사회불안 간 관계에서 사회부과 완벽주의와 내면화된 수치심의 인지정서적 메커니즘이 아동의 사회불안에 대한 위험 요인으로 작용할 수 있음을 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 연구결과를 토대로 시사점과 제언이 제시되었다.This study examined the relationship between parental psychological control, socially-prescribed perfectionism, internalized shame, and social anxiety perceived by elementary school children. The results of the verification of the mediating effect through the structural equation model are as follows. First, parental psychological control influenced socially prescribed perfectionism and internalized shame. In addition, socially prescribed perfectionism had an effect on internalized shame and social anxiety, and internalized shame had an effect on social anxiety. Second, as a result of the mediating effect verification, the single mediating effect of socially prescribed perfectionism and internalized shame was significant in the relationship between psychological control and social anxiety. In addition, the sequential dual mediating effect of socially prescribed perfectionism and internalized shame was significant. Third, as a result of multi-group equivalence verification for the final model, there was no difference according to gender. The significance of this study is that, in the relationship between parental psychological control and social anxiety, the cognitive-emotional mechanisms of socially prescribed perfectionism and internalized shame can act as risk factors for children's social anxiety. Implications and suggestions are presented based on the results.

Perfeksionisme dan Stres Mengerjakan Skripsi

Abstract. This study aims to determine the relationship between perfectionism and stress of completing a thesis on students. The participants in this study were 179 undergraduate students completing a thesis. The hypotheses proposed that 1) there is a positive relationship between Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) and stress of completing a thesis, 2) there is a positive relationship between Other-oriented Perfectionism (OOP) and stress of completing a thesis, 3) there is a positive relationship between Socially-prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and stress of completing a thesis, and 4) there is a relationship between perfectionism and stress of completing a thesis. This study used quantitative methods. The data were collected using Skala Stress Mengerjakan Skripsi (α = 0,926) and a scale modified from Hewitt and Flett (1991)’s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (αstrat= 0.888). This study used nonparametric analysis Spearman's Rho to analyze hypothesis 1), and parametric analysis Pearson's Product Moment to analyze hypothesis 2), 3), 4). The results showed that 1) there was no relationship between self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and stress of completing a thesis (rs = 0.094; p = 0.106 0.05), 2) there was a positive relationship between other-oriented perfectionism (OOP) and stress of completing a thesis (r = 0.247; p = 0.000 0.05), 3) there was positive relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism (SPP) and stress of completing a thesis (r = 0.408; p = 0.000 0.05), and 4) there was the relationship between perfectionism and the stress of completing a thesis (r = 0.329; p = 0.000). Keywords: perfectionism, stress, academic stress, stress of completing a thesis, students

완벽주의 군집별 실패내성과 자기효능감이 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study examined natural groupings of college students in terms of perfectionism, the differences in adaptation to college life among clusters, and factors influencing adaptation to college life according to each cluster.&#x0D; Methods Based on the data of 261 college students, cluster analysis using the sub-scales of perfectionism—self-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism—was conducted. Then, the differences in adaptation to college life were analyzed among sub-groups by using MANOVA. Multiple regression analysis was also conducted to examine the effects of failure tolerance and self-efficacy on adaptation to college life according to each cluster.&#x0D; Results The cluster analysis resulted in three clusters—Cluster 1: self- and other-fulfilling perfectionism group; Cluster 2: non-perfectionistic group; and Cluster 3: self-fulfilling perfectionism group. As results of MANOVA, Clusters 2 and 3 showed significantly higher scores on adaptation to college life than Cluster 1. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that failure tolerance had a significant effect on adaptation to college life in Clusters 1 and 2. In Cluster 3, adaptation to college life was significantly affected by both failure tolerance and self-efficacy.&#x0D; Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that it is necessary to provide college students with appropriate programs or counseling activities to enhance their adaptation to college life based on their types of perfectionism.